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Pharmacology Final > Drug names > Flashcards

Drug names Flashcards

1
Q

Antibiotic topics

A 
Substances
Mechanism
Mode of Action
Pharmacokinetics
Spectrum
Indications
Side effects
Resistance
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2
Q
  1. Drugs of autonomous NS - Parasympathetic Substances
A

Parasympathomimetics

Parasympatholytics

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3
Q
  1. Parasympathomimetics
A 
Direct:
 achetylcholine
 carbachol
 bethanecol
 methacholine
 pilocarpine
Indirect:
 physostigmine
 pyridostigmine
 neostigmine
 edrophonium
 organophosphates
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4
Q
  1. Parasympatholytics
A 
atropine
glycopyrrolate
homatropine
ipratropium
benzethemide
butyl-scopolamine
tropicamide
levadopa
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5
Q
  1. Drugs of autonomous NS - Sympathetic
A

Sympathomimetics:

  • Non-specific
  • Specific:
  • -B1 agonists
  • -B2 agonists
  • -A1 agonists
  • -A2 agonists

Sympatholytics:

  • A antagonists
  • -Non-specific
  • -A1 antagonists
  • -A2 antagonists
  • B antagonist
  • -Non-specific
  • -Specific (mostly B1)
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6
Q
  1. Sympathomimetics - Non-specific
A

adrenaline
noradrenaline
dopamine

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7
Q
  1. Sympathomimetics - Specific - B1 agonists
A

dobutamine

isoproterenol

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8
Q
  1. Sympathomimetics - Specific - B2 agonists
A 
clenbuterol
salmeterol
terbutaline
isoxsupine
salbutamol
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9
Q
  1. Sympathomimetics - Specific - A1 agonists
A 
phenylephrine
xylametazoline
oxymetazoline
naphtazoline
tetrizoline
phenylpropanolamine 
ephedrine
amphetamine
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10
Q
  1. Sympathomimetics - Specific - A2 agonists
A

xylazine
detomidine
medetomidine
romifidine

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11
Q
  1. Sympatholytics - A antagonists
A

Non-specific:
phenoxybenzamine
phentolamine
tolazoline

Specific:

  • A1 antagonists:
  • -prazosine
  • -doxazosine
  • A2 antagonists:
  • -atipamezole
  • -yohimbine
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12
Q
  1. Sympatholytics - B antagonists
A

Non-specific:
propranolol
timolole

Specific: (B1)
metaprolole
atenolole

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13
Q
  1. Sympathetic NS - receptors
A

A1
A2
B1
B2

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14
Q

A1

A

SM contraction, vasoconstriction (Increase PR), mydriasis

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15
Q

A2

A

Inhibition of neurotransmitter release (NA)
GI relaxation
Inhibition of insulin release

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16
Q

B1

A

Cardiac effects: negative inotropic, chronotropic

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17
Q

B2

A

Vasodilation, bronchodilation, uterus relaxation

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18
Q
  1. Tranquilizer sedatives (neuroleptics)
A

Phenothiazines

Butyrophenones

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19
Q
  1. Phenothiazines
A 
chloropromazine 
propionyl-promazine
acepromazine
thiethylperazine
trifluorperazine
fluphenazine
perphenazine
promethazine
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20
Q
  1. Butyrophenones
A

azaperone
droperidol
haloperidol
fluanison

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21
Q
  1. Hypnosedatives
A

A2 agonists + antagonists
benzodiazepines + antagonists
barbiturates

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22
Q
  1. A2 agonists + antagonists
A 
xylazine
detomidine
medetomidine
dexmedetomidine
romifidine

Antagonists:
atipamezole
yohimbine

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23
Q
  1. Barbiturates
A

Long acting:
phenobarbital

Short acting:
pentobarbital

Ultra short acting:
thiopental
thiamilal
hexobarbital
venobarbital
methohexital
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24
Q
  1. CNS stimulants: Anticonvulsives
A

CNS stimulants
Anticonvulsives
Status Epilepticus

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25
Q
  1. Anticonvulsives
A

Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
Others

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26
Q
  1. Anticonvulsives - Barbiturates
A

phenobarbital
pentobarbital
primidone

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27
Q
  1. Anticonvulsives - Benzodiazepines
A

diazepam
clonazepam
carbamazepine

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28
Q
  1. Anticonvulsives - Others
A 
phenytoin
valproic acid
gabopentin
felbamate
topiramate
lamotrigine
bromide salts
vigabatrin
propofol
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29
Q
  1. Status Epilepticus
A

diazepam
pentobarbital
propofol
isoflurane/sevoflurane

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30
Q
  1. Opioids
A 
morphine 
butorphanol
buprenorphine
fentanyl
tramadol
codeine
methadone
etorphine
pethidine
meperidine
pentazosine
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31
Q
  1. Opioid antagonists

Neuroleptanalgesia combos

A

Opioid antagonists:
naloxone
naltrexone
diprenorphine

Combos:
etorphine + acepromazine
butorphanol + acepromazine
fentanyl + fluanisone
fentanyl + droperidol
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32
Q
  1. Injectable anaesthetics
A 
Barbiturates
Propofol
Propandiol
Imidazoles
Dissociative anaesthetics
Steroid anaesthetics
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33
Q
  1. Injectable anaesthetics - Barbiturates
A

pentobarbital
thiopental
thiamilal
methohexital

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34
Q
  1. Injectable anaesthetics - Imidazoles
A

etomidate

metomidate

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35
Q
  1. Injectable anaesthetics - Dissociative anaesthetics
A

ketamine

tiletamine

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36
Q
  1. Injectable anaesthetics - Steroid anaesthetics
A

alfaxalon + alfadolon

alfaxalon

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37
Q
  1. Inhalational anaesthetics
A

nitrous oxide N2O

Halogenated volatile liquids:
halothane
enflurane
isoflurane
desflurane
sevoflurane
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38
Q
  1. Inhalational anaesthetics - MAC potency
A

halothane>isoflurane>sevoflurane>desflurane>N2O

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39
Q
  1. Local anaesthetics
A 
Esters:
procaine
chloroprocaine
tetracaine
benzocaine
cocaine
Amides:
lidocaine (lignocaine)
prilocaine
mepivacaine
bupivacaine
ropivacaine
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40
Q
  1. Local anaesthetics - Toxicity
A

mepivacaine

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41
Q
  1. Local anaesthetics - Neuron function loss
A

pain>touch>deep pressure>motor function

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42
Q
  1. Local anaesthetics - Clearance
A

prilocaine>lidocaine>mepi/ropivacaine>bupivacaine

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43
Q
  1. Myorelaxants
A

Central
Peripheral
SM relaxants

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44
Q
  1. Myorelaxants - Central
A

guaifenesin
baclophen
carisoprodol
methocarbamol

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45
Q
  1. Myorelaxants - Peripheral
A 
Non-depolarizing (competitive):
d-tubocurarin
atracurium
aminosteroids
pancuronium
vecuronium
rocuronium
gallamine
cisatracuronium
mivacuronium
benzylisoquinolines

Depolarizing:
suxamethorium (succinyl choline)

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46
Q
  1. Myorelaxants - SM relaxants (spasmolytics)
A

Direct acting
Parasympatholytics
Sympathomimetics
Other (NSAIDS, Phenothiazines)

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47
Q
  1. Myorelaxants - SM relaxants (spasmolytics) - Direct acting - Parasympatholytics
A

Direct acting:
papaverine
drotaverine

Parasympatholytics:
atropine
hyoscyamine
scopolamine
ipratropium
tropicamide
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48
Q
  1. Pharmacology of inflammation
A

Acute phase
Chronic phase
Know

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49
Q
  1. Pharmacology of inflammation - Acute phase
A 
Antacoids:
histamine (cytokine)
serotonin (cytokine)
bradykinin, kallidin (kinins)
prostaglandins (eicosanoid)
leukotrienes (eicosanoid)
angiotensin, neurotensin
NO
complement proteins
endothelins
cytokines
-interleukins
-GM-CSF
-G-CSF
-TNF alpha
-interferons
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50
Q
  1. Pharmacology of inflammation - Chronic phase
A

cytokines

  • interleukins
  • GM-CSF
  • G-CSF
  • TNF alpha
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51
Q
  1. Pharmacology of inflammation - Know
A

STAT - inhibits JAK-mediated pathway

Drug name = Oclatinib (IL- inhibitor)

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52
Q
  1. NSAIDs
A 
Salicylates (1g)
Acetic acid derivatives (1g)
Proprionic acid derivatives 
Anthranidic acids (1g)
Oxicams
Aniline derivatives 
Pyrazole derivatives (1g)
Coxibs (3g)
COX 2 selective inhibitors
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53
Q
  1. NSAIDs - Salicylates (1g)
A

sulfosalazine

acetyl-salicylic acid (aspirin)

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54
Q
  1. NSAIDs -Acetic acid derivatives (1g)
A

diclofenac

etodolac

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55
Q
  1. NSAIDs - Proprionic acid derivatives
A

1g:
ketoprofen
vedaprofen

2g:
carprofen
ibuprofen
naproxen

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56
Q
  1. NSAIDs - Anthranidic acids (1g)
A

tolfenamic acid

flunixin-meglumide

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57
Q
  1. NSAIDs - Oxicams
A

1g: piroxicam
2g: meloxicam

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58
Q
  1. NSAIDs - Aniline derivatives
A

1g: paracetamol
2g: nimesulide

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59
Q
  1. NSAIDs - Pyrazole derivatives (1g)
A

metamizole

phenylbutazone

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60
Q
  1. NSAIDs - Coxibs (3g)
A

deracoxib
firocoxib
mavacoxib
robenacoxib

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61
Q
  1. NSAIDs - COX 2 selective inhibitors
A 
celecoxib
rofecoxib
valdecoxib
meloxicam
peroxicam
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62
Q

20.

A

Cytokine inhibitors
Thromboxane antagonists
Thromboxane synthesis inhibitors
Leukotriene inhibitors

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63
Q
  1. Cytokine inhibitors
A

TNF alpha inhibitors:
etanercept
infliximab
adalimumab

IL-1 inhibitors:
anakinra

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64
Q
  1. Thromboxane antagonists
A

TXA2 receptor antagonists:

ridogrel

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65
Q
  1. Thromboxane synthesis inhibitors
A

dazoxiben

pirmagrel

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66
Q
  1. Leukotriene inhibitors
A

LT-synthesis inhibitors (inhibit LOX):
zileuton
fenleuton
adenosine

LT receptor antagonists:
montelukast
zafirlukast

JAK inhibitors:
ocalcitinib

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67
Q
  1. Antihistamines
A 
1st generation (cross BBB): 
Ethanolamines
Phenothiazines
Piperazines
Ethylenediamines
cyproheptadin
dimetinden

2nd generation (do not cross BBB)
Loratadine (claritin)
Cetrizine

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68
Q
  1. Antihistamines - 1st generation (cross BBB) - Ethanolamines
A

diphenhydramine
dimenhydrinate
clemastine

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69
Q
  1. Antihistamines - 1st generation (cross BBB) - Phenothiazines
A

promethazine

acepromazine

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70
Q
  1. Antihistamines - 1st generation (cross BBB) - Piperazines
A

hydroxyzine
cyclizine
chlorcyclizine

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71
Q
  1. Antihistamines - 1st generation (cross BBB) - Ethylenediamines
A

chlorpyramine

tripelenamine

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72
Q
  1. Pharmacology of Immunosuppression
A

Glucocorticoids
Cytotoxic agents
Lymphocyte signalling inhibitors
Cytokine inhibitors

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73
Q
  1. Pharmacology of Immunosuppression - Glucocorticoids
A

e.g prednisolone

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74
Q
  1. Pharmacology of Immunosuppression - Cytotoxic agents
A 
Antimetabolites
azathioprine-->b-mercaptopurine
methotrexate
mycophenolate mofetil-->mycophenolic acid
luflunomide

Alkylating agents
cyclophosphamide

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75
Q
  1. Pharmacology of Immunosuppression - Lymphocyte signalling inhibitors
A

cyclosporine
tacrolimus
sirolimus
pimecrolimus

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76
Q
  1. Pharmacology of Immunosuppression - Cytokine inhibitors
A

TNF alpha inhibitors:
etanercept
infliximab
aldalimumab

IL-1 inhibitor:
anakinra

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77
Q
  1. Glucocorticoids + relative potency
A 
Short acting (8-12h)
Medium Duration of Action (24-48h)
Long acting (48-72h)
Local (inhalational)
Ester, salts
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78
Q
  1. Glucocorticoids + relative potency - Short acting (8-12h)
A

cortisole 1

cortisone 1

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79
Q
  1. Glucocorticoids + relative potency - Medium Duration of Action (24-48h)
A

prednisone 4
prednisolone 4
methylprednisolone 5-7
triamcinolone 5-10

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80
Q
  1. Glucocorticoids + relative potency - Long acting (48-72h)
A

dexamethasone 25-30
betamethasone 25-30
flumethasone 100

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81
Q
  1. Glucocorticoids + relative potency - Local (inhalational)
A

baclomethasone 300-400

fluticasone 400-500

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82
Q
  1. Glucocorticoids + relative potency - Ester, salts
A

Na phosphate, Na succinate (water soluble-given IV, short acting)
–>
Diproprionate, phenylproprionate, acetate (not water soluble, not IV –> only IM, longer duration of action)
–>
Acetonide/Valerate (least water soluble, longest absorption and duration (1 month)

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83
Q
  1. Anti-arrythmics
A 
Class 1 : Na-Blockers
Class 2 : B-Blockers
Class 3 : K-Blockers
Class 4 : Ca-Blockers
Class 5 : Other
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84
Q
  1. Anti-arrythmics - Class 1 : Na-Blockers
A

1A:
quinidine
procainamide

1B:
lidocaine
mexiletine
tocainide
phenytoin

1C:
flecainide

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85
Q
  1. Anti-arrythmics - Class 2 : B-Blockers
A

1st generation : B1 & B2
propanolol

2nd generation : B1
methoprolol
atenolol
esmolol

3rd generation:
cervediol

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86
Q
  1. Anti-arrythmics - Class 3 : K-Blockers
A 
sotalol
amiodarone (1-4 class effects)
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87
Q
  1. Anti-arrythmics - Class 4 : Ca-Blockers
A 
Dihydropyridine types:
amlodipine
nifedipine
Non-dihydropyridine types:
verapamil
diltiazem
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88
Q
  1. Anti-arrythmics - Class 5 : Other
A

digoxin

atropine

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89
Q
  1. Positive inotropes, cardiogenic drugs
A

Acute Heart Failure:
epinephrine
dobutamine
dopamine

Chronic Heart Failure:

  • cardiotoxic:
  • -(digitalis glycosides) (digoxin + digitoxin)
  • PDE inhibitors:
  • -pimobendan
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90
Q
  1. Cardiovascular volume regulation
A 
ACE inhibitors 
Angiotensin 2 receptor antagonists
Organic nitrates
Ca-Blockers
Non-Ca-Blockers
Other
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91
Q
  1. Cardiovascular volume regulation - ACE inhibitors
A 
captopril 
enalapril-->enalaprilat
ramipril-->ramiprilat
benazepril-->benazeprilat
lisinopril
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92
Q
  1. Cardiovascular volume regulation - Angiotensin 2 receptor antagonists
A

losartan
telmisartan
valsartan

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93
Q
  1. Cardiovascular volume regulation - Organic nitrates
A

nitroglycerin

nitroprusside-Na

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94
Q
  1. Cardiovascular volume regulation - Ca-Blockers
A

amlodipine

nifedipine

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95
Q
  1. Cardiovascular volume regulation - Non-Ca-Blockers
A

verapamil

diltiazem

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96
Q
  1. Cardiovascular volume regulation - Other
A

A1 antagonists:
prazosin
doxazosin
hydrazolin

PDE inhibitors:
pimobendan

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97
Q
  1. Diuretics
A
  1. Cardiac diuretics
  2. Osmotic diuretics
  3. Natriuretics
    - a. CA inhibitors (proximal convoluted tubule)
    - b. Loop diuretics (loop of Henle)
    - c. Thiazides (distal convoluted tubule)
    - d. Potassium sparing diuretics (collecting duct)
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98
Q
  1. Diuretics - 1. Cardiac diuretics
A

digoxin

Xanthine diuretics:
caffeine
theophylline
theobromine

ACE inhibitors:
enalapril
benazepril
ramipril
captopril
lisinopril
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99
Q
  1. Diuretics - 2. Osmotic diuretics
A

mannitol

glycerine

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100
Q
  1. Diuretics - Natriuretics - CA inhibitors (proximal convoluted tubule)
A

dorsolamide
brinzolamide
acetazolamide

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101
Q
  1. Diuretics - Natriuretics - Loop diuretics (loop of Henle)
A

furosemide
torsemide
etacrinic acid

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102
Q
  1. Diuretics - Natriuretics - Thiazides (distal convoluted tubule)
A

chlorothiazole
hydrochlorthiazole
clopamide

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103
Q
  1. Diuretics - Natriuretics - Potassium sparing diuretics (collecting duct)
A

Electrogenic Na channel inhibitors:
amiloride
triametenine

Aldosterone antagonists:
spironolactone

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104
Q
  1. Pharmacology of Vascular tone
A 
Organic nitrates
Ca channel blockers
K channel openers
Endothelin receptor antagonists
Other
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105
Q
  1. Pharmacology of Vascular tone - Organic nitrates
A

nitroglycerin

nitroprusside-Na

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106
Q
  1. Pharmacology of Vascular tone -Ca channel blockers
A

Dihydropyridines:
amlodipine
nifedipine

Non-dihydropyridines:
verapamil
diltiazem

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107
Q
  1. Pharmacology of Vascular tone - Endothelin receptor antagonists
A

bosentan

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108
Q
  1. Pharmacology of Vascular tone - Other
A

A1 receptor antagonists:
parazosin
doxazosin
hydralazin

PDE inhibitors:
pimobendan

ACE inhibitors:
captopril
enalapril
benazepril
ramipril
lisinopril
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109
Q
  1. Pharmacology of haemostasis & thrombosis -
A 
Antiplatelet agents
Anticoagulants
-Vit K antagonists 
-Other
Thrombolytic agents

Inhibitors of anticoagulants

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110
Q
  1. Pharmacology of haemostasis & thrombosis - Antiplatelet agents
A

COX inhibitors
acetyl-salicylic acid (aspirin)

ADP recepetor inhibitors
ticlopidin
clopidogrel

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111
Q
  1. Pharmacology of haemostasis & thrombosis - Anticoagulants -Vit K antagonists
A 
Warfarin
Heparin
-Non-fractionated:
--Na-heparin
--Ca-heparin
-Low Molecular Weight Heparin:
--dalteparin
--fraxiparin
--enoxaparin
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112
Q
  1. Pharmacology of haemostasis & thrombosis - Anticoagulants - Other
A 
Xa factor inhibitor:
fondaparinux
Direct thrombin inhibitors:
hirudine
lepirudine
desirudine
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113
Q
  1. Pharmacology of haemostasis & thrombosis - Thrombolytic agents
A 
streptokinase
tPA analogues:
alteplas 
tenecteplas
reteplas
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114
Q
  1. Pharmacology of haemostasis & thrombosis - Inhibitors of anticoagulants
A

protamine

ethamsylate

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115
Q
  1. Pharmacology of Haematopoiesis & Immunomodulation
A 
Haematopoiesis:
anaemia due to EPO deficiency
iron deficiency anaemia 
anaemia due to infection
vit B12
Immunomodulation:
levamisole (inhibited by atropine)
n-n-dimethylglycine
interferons
granulocyte colony stimulating factors
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116
Q
  1. Pharmacology of Haematopoiesis
A

Anaemia due to EPO deficiency
Iron deficiency anaemia
Anaemia due to infection
Vit B12

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117
Q
  1. Pharmacology of Immunomodulation
A 
levamisole (inhibited by atropine)
n-n-dimethylglycine
Interferons
interferon-omega
virbagen-omega
Granulocyte colony stimulating factors
filgrastin
sargramostim
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118
Q
  1. Pharmacology of Haematopoiesis - Anaemia due to EPO deficiency
A

EPO as a drug:
epoetin-a (rhEPO-a)
darbepoietin

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119
Q
  1. Pharmacology of Haematopoiesis - Iron deficiency anaemia
A 
Iron supplement:
PO (Fe2+)
-iron fumarate 
-iron gluconate
IM (Fe3+)
-iron dextran (inhibited by deferoxamin)
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120
Q
  1. Pharmacology of Haematopoiesis - Anaemia due to infection
A

hepcidin

121
Q
  1. Pharmacology of Haematopoiesis - Vit B12
A

cyanocobalamin

hydroxycobalamin

122
Q
  1. Respiratory system - Bronchodilators & Anti-inflammatory drugs
A 
Bronchodilators:
-Sympathomimetics
-Parasympatholytics
-Methylxanthines
Respiratory anti-inflammatories
-Inhalational glucocorticoids
-Chromones
-LT antagonists
123
Q
  1. Respiratory system - Bronchodilators - Sympathomimetics
A

Non-specific:
adrenaline
ephedrin
isoproterenol

Specific:

  • B2 agonists:
  • -Short acting: salbutamol
  • -Long lasting
  • –terbutaline
  • –clenbuterol
  • –salmeterol
124
Q
  1. Respiratory system - Bronchodilators - Parasympatholytics
A

Ach antagonists:
atropine
glycopyrrolate
ipratropium

125
Q
  1. Respiratory system - Bronchodilators - Methylxanthines
A

Derivatives of theophylline:
aminophyllin
propentophyllin
pentoxyphyllin

126
Q
  1. Respiratory system - Anti-inflammatory drugs - Inhalational glucocorticoids
A

beclomathasone

fluticasone

127
Q
  1. Respiratory system - Anti-inflammatory drugs - Chromones
A

Na-chromoglycate

nedocromil

128
Q
  1. Respiratory system - Anti-inflammatory drugs - LT antagonists
A

LT synthesis inhibitors:
zileuton
fenleuton

LT receptor antagonists:
zafirlukast
montelukast

129
Q
  1. Antitussives
A 
Morphine derivatives:
codeine 
hydrocodon
butorphanol
dextrometorphan
tramadol
130
Q
  1. Mucolytics & Expectorants
A

Mucolytics:
n-acetylcysteine
carbocysteine

Expectorants: 
bromhexine
ambroxol
dembrexine
guaifenesin (also central muscle relaxant)
131
Q
  1. Pharmacology of Asthma & RAO
A 
Glucocorticoids
Bronchodilators
Fe: Asthma
-Antihistamines
-Respiratory anti-inflammatories
132
Q
  1. Pharmacology of Asthma & RAO - Glucocorticoids
A

beclomethasone

fluticasone

133
Q
  1. Pharmacology of Asthma & RAO - Bronchodilators
A

Horse:
salmeterol (B2 agonist) / clenbuterol (sympathomimetic) + beclomethasone
ipratropium + beclomethasone
(parasympatholytic, Ach antagonist)

Cat:
salbutamol + fluticasone

134
Q
  1. Pharmacology of Asthma & RAO - Antihistamines
A

cyproheptadine

135
Q
  1. Pharmacology of Asthma & RAO - Respiratory anti-inflammatories
A

Chromones:
-Na-chromoglycate

LT-antagonist:
zafirlukast

136
Q
  1. Emetics
A

Central:
apomorphine
xylazine

Peripheral:
sympo of ipecuarha, 3-4% H2O2

137
Q
  1. Anti-emetics
A

Local

Systemic

138
Q
  1. Anti-emetics - Local
A

vit B6

Local anaesthetics:
lidocaine
benzocaine

Coating agents:
sycralfate

139
Q
  1. Anti-emetics - Systemic
A 
Phenothiazines:
acepromazine
chlorpromazine
thiethylperazine
promethazine

Dopamine antagonists:
metoclopramide
domperidone

Serotonin antagonists:
ondasetron
dolasetron

Anti-histamines:
diphyenhydramine
promethazine

NK-1 antagonists:
maropitant

140
Q
  1. Anti-emetics - Anti-ulcer
A

Antacids:

  • Systemic:
  • -NaHCO3
  • Non-systemic:
  • -MgO, Mg(OH)
  • -Al(OH)3
H2 antagonists:
cimetidine 
ranitidine
famotidine
nizatidine

Proton pump inhibitors:
omeprazole
panteprazole

PGE analogues:
misaprostole

Coating agents:
sucralfate

141
Q
  1. Anti-emetics - Prokinetics
A

Dopamine antagonists:
metoclopramide
domperidone

cisapride

H2 antagonists:
ranitidine
nizatidine

Macrolides:
erythromycin

Parasympathomimetics:
neostigmine
piridostigmine
bethanecol

142
Q
  1. Laxatives
A

Stimulant laxatives
Osmotic laxatives
Colloid laxatives
Emollients (coating agents)

143
Q
  1. Laxatives - Stimulant laxatives
A 
castor oil
phenophthalein
bisocodyl
emodin
aloe
docusate
144
Q
  1. Laxatives - Osmotic laxatives
A

NaSO4
MgSO4
Na-citrate
Lactulose

145
Q
  1. Laxatives - Colloid laxatives -

Emollients (coating agents)

A

Colloid laxatives:
cornmeal
psyllium species
pumpkin

Emollients:
liquid paraffin

146
Q
  1. Antidiarrheals
A

Adsorbents
Adstringents
Drugs decreasing GI motility

147
Q
  1. Antidiarrheals - Adsorbents
A

activated charcoal
kaolin
monmorillonit

148
Q
  1. Antidiarrheals - Adstringents
A 
Bismuth salts
subsalicylate (not cats)
subgallate
subnitrate
carbonate

Tannic acid

149
Q
  1. Antidiarrheals - Drugs decreasing GI motility
A

Parasympatholytics:
butyl-scopolamine
atropine

Morphine derivatives:
diphenoxylate
loperamide

150
Q
  1. Hepatoprotectives + EPI treatment
A

Cholagogues

  • Cholekinetics: MgSO4
  • Choleretics (IV)
  • Hepatoprotectives

Lipotropic agents (PO)

Others

EPI treatment

151
Q
  1. Hepatoprotectives + EPI treatment - Choleretics (IV)
A

menbuton, clanbutin (injection)

UDCA (ursodeoxycholic acid) (PO)

152
Q
  1. Hepatoprotectives + EPI treatment - Hepatoprotectives
A 
silymarin (PO)
SAMe (S-adenosyl methionine) (PO)
D-penicillamine (PO)
N-acetyl-cysteine (IV)
vit E, B, K, C 
glucose, fructose (injection)
Ions: Zn, Mg, Se, Co
153
Q
  1. Hepatoprotectives + EPI treatment -Lipotropic agents (PO)
A 
choline
carnitine
methionine
lecithin
inositol
154
Q
  1. Hepatoprotectives + EPI treatment - EPI treatment
A

Supplements:
vit E, K, B12

Pancreatic enzymes

SIB:
metronidazole
tylosin
amoxicillin

155
Q
  1. Drugs affecting GI function
A

Anti-foaming
Against rumen acidosis
Against rumen alkalosis
Motility modifying agents

156
Q
  1. Drugs affecting GI function - Anti-foaming
A

Vegetable oils:
sunflower oil
soya oil
peanut oil

paraffin oil
alcohol + methylcellulose
polyxalene
dimethicone

157
Q
  1. Drugs affecting GI function - Against rumen acidosis
A

transfaun

Mg(OH)2

158
Q
  1. Drugs affecting GI function - Against rumen alkalosis
A

acetic acid 5%

cold water

159
Q
  1. Drugs affecting GI function - Motility modifying agents
A

rumen fluid transfer

Parasympathomimetics:
neostigimine
carbachol
pyridostigmine

Dopamine antagonist:
metoclopramide

160
Q
  1. Nutritional pharmacology - Minerals
A 
Calcium - Ca
Iron - Fe
Magnesium - Mg
Phosphorus - (hyper P)
Zinc - Zn
Selenium - Se
161
Q
  1. Nutritional pharmacology - Minerals - Calcium - Ca
A

IV infusion:
CaCl2
Ca-gluconate
Ca-borogluconate

PO:
Ca-carbonate
Ca-lactate/gluconate/citrate

162
Q
  1. Nutritional pharmacology - Minerals - Iron - Fe
A

PO: Fe2+
Iron fumarate/humate/gluconate

IM: Fe3+
iron dextrane

163
Q
  1. Nutritional pharmacology - Minerals - Magnesium - Mg
A

Mg-chloride (IV)
Mg-sulphate (IV/PO)
Mg-O, (OH)2 (PO)
Mg-lactate, citrate (PO)

164
Q
  1. Nutritional pharmacology - Minerals - Phosphorus - (hyper P)
A

Phosphate binders:
chitoxin
sevelamer
Al(OH)3

165
Q
  1. Nutritional pharmacology - Minerals - Zinc - Zn
A

Zn-oxide (PO)
Zn-sulphate (PO)
Zn-gluconate (PO)
Zn-oxide (topical)

166
Q
  1. Nutritional pharmacology - Minerals - Selenium - Se
A

Na-selenite (PO/IM)

167
Q
  1. Nutritional pharmacology - Vitamins
A 
Vit A
Vit D 
Vit E 
Vit K 
Vit B1 
Vit B6 
Vit B12 
Vit C
168
Q
  1. Nutritional pharmacology - Vitamins - Vit D & E & K
A

Vit D:
cholecalciferol (D3)
alphacalcidol (1-OH)
calcitriol (1, 25-OH)

Vit E:
alpha-tocopherol

Vit K:
phylloquinone (K1)/phytomenadion
menakinon (K2)
synthetic (K3,4,5)

169
Q
  1. Nutritional pharmacology - Vitamins - Vit B1, B6, B12, C
A

Vit B1:
thiamine
ancurine

Vit B6:
riboflavin

Vit B12:
cyanocobalamin
hydroxycobalamin

Vit C:
ascorbic acid (L,P)
170
Q
  1. Nutritional pharmacology - Appetite stimulants
A

B-vit (PO & PE)

Anabolic steroids:
nandrolone
stanozole

Benzodiazepines:
diazepam
oxazepam

Cyproheptadine

Propofol

171
Q
  1. Hypophyseal & Pituitary gland hormones & analogues
A

Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
-Adenohypophysis
-Neurohypophysis

172
Q
  1. Hypophyseal & Pituitary gland hormones & analogues - Hypothalamus
A

GnRH:

  • Mimic GnRH:
  • -buserelin
  • -gonadorelin
  • -sermirelin
  • Paradox process (decreasing FSH & LH):
  • -fentirelin
  • -deslorelin
173
Q
  1. Hypophyseal &Pituitary gland hormones & analogues - Pituitary gland
A

Adenohypophysis:

  • GH (somatotropin)
  • ACTH (corticotopin)
  • TSH (thyrotropin)
  • PRL antagonists
  • FSH
  • LH

Neurohypophysis:

  • ADH (vasopressin)
  • Oxytocin
174
Q
  1. Hypophyseal & Pituitary gland hormones & analogues - Pituitary gland - Adenohypophysis - GH (somatotropin)
A

GH (somatotropin):
hsT
bsT
psT

Somatostatin analogues:
octreotide
lanreotide

GH receptor antagonists:
pregristomet

175
Q
  1. Hypophyseal & Pituitary gland hormones & analogues - Pituitary gland - Adenohypophysis - ACTH (corticotopin) - TSH (thyrotropin)
A

ACTH (corticotropin):
tetracosactrin
cosyntropin

TSH (thyrotropin):

hypo: L-thyroxine (PO)
hyper: methimazole (PO)

176
Q
  1. Hypophyseal & Pituitary gland hormones & analogues - Pituitary gland - Adenohypophysis - PRL antagonists -FSH - LH
A

PRL antagonists:

  • Ergolides: (PO)
  • -bromocriptine
  • -cabergoline

FSH:
eCG/PMSG (IM)

LH:
hCG (IM)

177
Q
  1. Hypophyseal & Pituitary gland hormones & analogues - Pituitary gland - Neurohypophysis
A

ADH (vasopressin):

  • Natural vasopressin synthetic analogues:
  • -desmopressin
  • -chlorpropamide

Oxytocin:
oxytocin (injection)
carbetocin

178
Q
  1. Pharmacology of thyroid gland & adrenal gland hormones
A

Thyroid gland:
calcitonin
hypo (dog)
hyper (cat)

Adrenal gland:
glucocorticoids 
mineralcorticoids
-hypo (addison's)
-hyper (cushing's)
179
Q
  1. Pharmacology of thyroid gland
A

Calcitonin

Hypo (dog):

  • (T3,T4)
  • L-thyroxine (PO)
  • L-thyroxine-Na (SC,IV)
  • L-tri-iodothyronine (PO)
Hyper (cat):
thiouracil
propylthiouracil
thiamazole
methimazole
iodine
180
Q
  1. Pharmacology of adrenal gland
A

Glucocorticoids

Mineralcorticoids:

  • Hypo (Addison’s):
  • -aldosterone
  • -DOCP (desoxycorticosterone pivalate) (IM)
  • -fludrocortisone acetate (PO)
  • Hyper (Cushing’s):
  • -Pituitary:
  • –bromocriptine
  • –cyproheptadine-HCl
  • -Pituitary &/or adrenal:
  • –ketoconazole
  • –mitotane
  • –trilostane
181
Q
  1. Pancreatic hormones
A 
Insulin:
regular insulin
insulin zinc suspension
protamine zinc insulin
isophane insulin
182
Q
  1. Drugs influencing glucose metabolism
A 
Sulphonylurea substances:
tolbutamide
chlorpropamide
metahexamide
glibenclamide
glipizide

Biguanides:
fenformine
buformine
methformine

183
Q
  1. Gonadal hormonal drugs
A

Estrogens
Androgens
Progesterones
Prostaglandins

184
Q
  1. Gonadal hormonal drugs - Estrogens + anti + recepter modifiers
A 
Estrogens:
oestriol
oestradiol benzoate
oestradiol cypionate injection
oestradiol valerate 
hexoestrol
zeranol

Anti:
anastrozole
letrozole

Receptor modifiers:
tamoxifen
raloxifen
clomiphen

185
Q
  1. Gonadal hormonal drugs - Androgens + anti-anabolics + anti-androgens
A 
Androgens:
testosterone undecanoate
testosterone phenylproprionate
ethyl testosterone 
ethynyl testosterone

Anti-anabolics:
stanozole
nandrolone
metandienone

Anti-androgens:
ciproterone
delmadinone

186
Q
  1. Gonadal hormonal drugs - Progesterones + antagonists
A

Type 1: Strong gestagens
medroxyprogesterone acetate
flurogestone acetate
norgestomet

Type 2: Weak gestagens
proligestone
megastrol acetate
altrenogast
melengestrol acetate

Antagonist:
aglepriston

187
Q
  1. Gonadal hormonal drugs - Prostaglandins
A 
closprosteriol
dinoprost
alfaprostol 
etiproston
luprostiol
188
Q
  1. Drugs affecting uterus
A

Ergolides (anti-PRL)
Myometrial stimulants
Myometrial relaxants

189
Q
  1. Drugs affecting uterus - Ergolides (anti-PRL)
A

bromocriptine
cabergoline
metergoline

190
Q
  1. Drugs affecting uterus - Myometrial stimulants
A

oxytocin, carbetocin

Ergot alkaloids:
ergotoxin
ergotamine
ergometrine

Prostaglandins:
etiproston
luprostiol
dinoprost

carbachol

191
Q
  1. Drugs affecting uterus - Myometrial relaxants
A

denaverin

B2 agonists:
clenbuterol
terbutalin
vetrabutin
isoxsuprine lactate

Phenothiazines:
proquamezine
aminopromazine

Anticholinergics:
atropine

192
Q
  1. Disinfectants & antiseptic substances
A 
Halogens
Biguamides
Acids
Alkalis
Aldehydes
Alcohols
Cationic surfactants
193
Q
  1. Disinfectants & antiseptic substances - Halogens
A

Iodine:
iodine tincture
iodophores

Chlorine:

  • Organic:
  • -chloramine B
  • Inorganic:
  • -sodium hypochlorite
  • -calcium hypochlorite
194
Q
  1. Disinfectants & antiseptic substances - Biguamides + Acids + Alkalis
A

Biguamides:
chlorhexidine

Acids:

  • acetic acid
  • HCl

Alkalis:
-CaO
-Ca(OH)2
+Na

195
Q
  1. Disinfectants & antiseptic substances - Aldehydes + Alcohols
A

Aldehydes:
formaldehyde
gluteraldehyde

Alcohols:
ethanol
methanol
isopropylalcohol

196
Q
  1. Disinfectants & antiseptic substances - Cationic surfactants
A

benzalkonium chloride
benzalthonium chloride
+halogen

197
Q
  1. Penicillins
A

Narrow spectrum
Penicillinase stable penicillins
Broad spectrum
Penicillins against Pseudomonas

198
Q
  1. Penicillins - Narrow spectrum
A 
benzylpenicillin-Na, K 
procaine-penicillin
benzathine-penicillin
phenoxymethyl-penicillin
penethamat
199
Q
  1. Penicillins - Penicillinase stable penicillins
A 
Acid resistant:
oxacillin
cloxacilliin
dicloxacillin
flucloxacillin

Acid sensitive:
methicillin

200
Q
  1. Penicillins - Broad spectrum
A

amoxicillin (+clavulanic acid)

ampicillin (+sulbactam)

201
Q
  1. Penicillins - Penicillins against Pseudomonas
A

Carboxypenicillins:
ticarcillin

Vreidopenicillins:
piperacillin (+tazobactam)

202
Q
  1. Cephalosporin drugs
A

1st generation
2nd generation
3rd generation
4th generation

203
Q
  1. Cephalosporin drugs - 1st generation
A

PO:
cephalexin
cefadroxil

Parenteral:
cephapirin
cefacetril
cephazoline

204
Q
  1. Cephalosporin drugs - 2nd generation
A

PO:
cefuroxime axetil
cefaclor

Parenteral:
cefuroxime

205
Q
  1. Cephalosporin drugs - 3rd generation
A

PO:
Cefixime

Parenteral:
cefoperazone
ceftazidime
ceftiofur
cefovecin
cefotaxime/ceftriaxone
206
Q
  1. Cephalosporin drugs - 4th generation
A

Parenteral:

cefquinome

207
Q
  1. Cephalosporin drugs - Excretion/Elimination
A 
mainly kidney (urine)
but cefoperazone, ceftriaxone-->bile

Metabolism: liver
cephalotin
cephapirin
cefaclor

208
Q
  1. Cephalosporin drugs - Indications
A 
1st generation:
mastitis 
otitis
dermatitis
pre-op (cephazoline)

2nd generation:
bite wounds

3rd generation:
mastitis (cefoperazone)
encephalitis, meningitis (Lyme disease) (cefotaxime, ceftriaxone)
respiratory infections (ceftiofur)

4th generation:
same

209
Q
  1. Monobactams & Carbapenems
A

Monobactams:
aztreonam (PE)
trigemonam (PO)

Carbapenems:
imipenem (+cilastatin)
meropenem

210
Q
  1. Aminoglycosides
A 
neomycin
gentamicin
streptomycin
spectinomycin
kanamycin
amikacin
tobramycin
apramycin
211
Q
  1. Aminoglycosides - Cross resistance
A

streptomycin>neomycin>gentamicin>tobramycin/amikacin

212
Q
  1. Aminoglycosides - Toxicity
A

neomycin>gentamicin>streptomycin>amikacin>spectinomycin

213
Q
  1. Tetracyclines
A

Short acting:
tetracycline
oxytetracycline
chlortetracycline

Intermediate acting:
demethylchlortetracycline
methacycline

Long acting:
doxycycline
minocycline

214
Q
  1. Macrolides
A 
tylosin
tilvasolin
tilmicosin
tildipirosin
erythromycin
azithromycin
clarithromycin
gamithromycin
roxithromycin
tulathromycin
kitasamycin
josamycin
spiramycin
215
Q
  1. Lincosamides & Pleuromutilins
A

Lincosamides:
lincomycin
clindamycin

Pleuromutilins:
tiamulin (not with ionophores)
valnemulin

216
Q
  1. Swine dysentery drug cascade
A 
Swine dysentery (Brachyspira hyodysenteriae)
tylosin>lincomycin>tylvasolin>tiamulin>valnemulin
217
Q
  1. Miscellaneous antibiotics
A

Phenicols
Glycopeptides
Rifamycins
Polymixins/polypeptides

218
Q
  1. Miscellaneous antibiotics - Phenicols + half-lives
A

florphenicol
tiamphenicol
chloramphenicol

Ru (1/2day) > Swine (OID) > Cat (BID) > Dog (TID/QID)

219
Q
  1. Miscellaneous antibiotics - Glycopeptides
A

1st generation:
vancomycin
teicoplanin
ramoplanin

2nd generation:
oritavancin
dalbavancin
telavancin

220
Q
  1. Miscellaneous antibiotics - Rifamycins - Polymixins/polypeptides
A

Rifamycins:
rifampin
rifabutin

Polymixins/polypeptides:
polymyxin:
-polymixin B
-polymixin E
-colistine
muciprocin
bacitracin
221
Q
  1. Sulphonamides
A

Local:
sulfacetamide
mafenide
silver sulfadiazene

PO:
sulfaguanidine

Systemic:

  • Short:
  • -sulfasalazine
  • -sulfadoxine
  • -sulfadimidine
  • -sulfaquinoxaline
  • -sulfamethoxazole
  • -sulfachlorpyrazine
  • -sulfachlorpyridazine
  • Long:
  • -sulfadimethoxine
222
Q
  1. 2,4-Diaminopyrimidines
A 
Short:
trimethoprim
ormethoprim
pyrimethamine
diaveridine

Long:
aditoprim
baquiloprim

223
Q
  1. Quinolones
A 
Quinolones
-1st generation
Fluoroquinolones
-1st generation
-2nd generation 
-3rd generation 
-4th generation
224
Q
  1. Quinolones - 1st generation
A 
Quinolones:
oxalic acid
nalidixic acid 
pipemedic acid
cinxacin

Fluoroquinolones:
flumequine
norfloxacin

225
Q
  1. Quinolones - 2nd generation
A 
enrofloxacin
ciprofloxacin
danofloxacin
ibafloxacin
marbofloxacin
pefloxacin
ofloxacin
difloxacin
orbifloxacin
sarafloxacin
226
Q
  1. Quinolones - 3rd & 4th generation
A 
3rd generation:
levofloxacin
sparfloxacin
balofloxacin
temafloxacin
4th generation:
gatifloxacin
moxifloxacin
trovafloxacin
gemifloxacin
pradofloxacin
227
Q
  1. Other anti-bacterial agents
A

Hydroxyquinolones
Nitroimidazoles
Nitrofurans
Quinoxalines

228
Q
  1. Other anti-bacterial agents - Hydroxyquinolones - Nitrofurans
A 
Hydroxyquinolones: 
chloroquine 
chlorquinaldole 
iodochlorhydroxyquin (clioquinol)
diiodohydroxyquin (iodoquinol)
broxyquinoline
hydroxyquinoline

Nitrofurans: (not food producing)
nitrofurantoin
furazolidone
(nifuroxazide, nifursol)

229
Q
  1. Other anti-bacterial agents - Nitroimidazoles - Quinoxalines
A 
Nitroimidazoles: (not food producing)
tinidazole
ronidazole
metronidazole
dimetridazole
ipronidazolem

Quinoxalines: (not food producing)
carbadox
olaquindox

230
Q
  1. Anticoccidials
A

Ionophore antibiotics
Sulphonamides
Triazines
Other

231
Q
  1. Anticoccidials - Ionophore antibiotics - Sulphonamides
A

Ionophore antibiotics:

  • Monovalents:
  • -monensin
  • -salinomycin
  • -narazin
  • -semduramicin
  • Divalents:
  • -lasalocid
  • -maduramicin

Sulphonamides:
sulphaquinoxaline
sulphachlorpyrazine

232
Q
  1. Anticoccidials - Triazines - Other
A 
Triazines:
clazuril
diclazuril
toltrazuril
ponazuril

Pyridine derivatives:
clopidol

Pyrimidine derivatives:
amprolium

Quinazoline derivatives:
halofuginone

Carbinilide derivatives:
nicarbazine

Guanidine derivatives:
robenidine

Quinoline derivatives:
decoquinate

Purine derivatives:
aprinocid

233
Q
  1. Antiprotozoals
A 
Babesiosis
Histomoniasis
Trichomoniasis
Hexamitiasis
Giardia
Leishmaniasis
Trypanosomiasis
234
Q
  1. Antiprotozoals - Babesiosis
A

Diamidine derivatives:

  • Aromatic:
  • -phenamide isethionate
  • -piminazine diareturate
  • -pentamidine
  • Carbarnilide derivatives:
  • -imidocarb diproprionate
  • -amidocarbalide

Tetracyclines:
chlortetracycline (Eq)
doxycycline (Ca)

235
Q
  1. Antiprotozoals - Histomoniasis - Trichomoniasis - Hexamitiasis - Giardia
A

5-nitroimidazoles: (not food producing)
dimetridazole
metronidazole
ronidazole

Nitrofurans: (not food producing)
nifursol
furasolidone

Organic arsenicals: (not food producing)
nitarsone
roxarsone

Benzimidazoles: (anthelminthics)
albendazole
fenbendazole
febantel

236
Q
  1. Antiprotozoals - Leishmaniasis
A

parmomycin (aminoglycoside) (16S)
amphotericin B
miltefosine

Pentavalent antimonials:
sodium stibogluconate
meglumide
antimoniate

237
Q
  1. Antiprotozoals - Trypanosomiasis
A

suramin

Aminophenathidium derivatives:
homidium bromide + chloride
isometamidium

Quinapyramine compounds:
quinapyramine chloride
quinapyramine sulphate

Dianidines:
diminazine aceturate (not dogs)
238
Q
  1. Anti-parasitic drugs against worms
A

Benzimidazoles
Imidazothiazoles
Tetrahydropyrimidines
Piperazines

239
Q
  1. Anti-parasitic drugs against worms - Benzimidazoles
A

Thiazolil benzimidazoles:
thiabendazole
cambendazole

Benzimidazole carbamates:
mebendazole
oxibendazole
albendazole
fenbendazole
oxfendazole (fenbendazole sulphoxide)
ricobendazole (albendazole sulphoxide)

Halogenated:
flubendazole
triclobendazole
luxabendazole

Probenzimidazoles:
febantel–>fenbendazole–>oxfendazole
netobimin–>albendazole–>ricobendazole
thiophanate–>lobendazole

240
Q
  1. Anti-parasitic drugs against worms - Imidazothiazoles - Piperazines
A

Imidazothiazoles:
tetramisole
levamisole

Piperazines:
piperazine (phosphate, adipate, citrate)
diethylcarbamazine (citrate)

241
Q
  1. Anti-parasitic drugs against worms - Tetrahydropyrimidines
A

Pyrantel:
citrate, tartarate salt: cattle, horses, cats, dogs, pigs
pamoate/embonatel salt: horses & dogs

Morantel (Ru)

Oxantel

242
Q
  1. Anti-parasitic drugs against worms
A

Salicylanilides
Substituted phenols
Isoquinolin & Benzazepine derivatives
Others

243
Q
  1. Anti-parasitic drugs against worms - Salicylanilides
A 
closantel 
brotanide
rafoxanide
(clioxanide)
niclosamide
oxyclozanide
244
Q
  1. Anti-parasitic drugs against worms - Substituted phenols
A 
rithinol 
disophenol
dichlorophene
hexachlorophene
nichlofolan
menichlofolan
nitroxinil
diamphenethide
nitroscanate
245
Q
  1. Anti-parasitic drugs against worms - Isoquinolin & Benzazepine derivatives - Others
A

Isoquinolin & Benzazepine derivatives:
praziquantel
epsiprantel

Others:
clorsulon (not lactating dairy cows)
bunamide salts
emodipsine
melarsomine
monepantel
246
Q
  1. Macrocyclic lactones
A 
Avermectins:
ivermectin (not collies)
albamectin (not foals)
doramectin
eprinomectin
selamectin (not food producing)

Milbemycins:
milbemycin oxime (not food producing)
moxidectin

247
Q
  1. Ectoparasticides (not endectocides)
A 
Organochlorines                                  
Organophosphates                              
Carbamates                                           
Pyrethrins & Pyrethroids
Formamidines (Amidines)
Neonicotinyls
Spinosyns
Phenylpyrazoles
Semi carbazone derivatives
Isoxazolines
Synergists
Insect growth regulators
248
Q
  1. Ectoparasticides (not endectocides) - Organochlorines
A

Organochlorines:

  • Chlorinated ethane derivatives:
  • -DDT
  • -DDE
  • -DDD (dicofol, methoxychlor)
  • Cyclodienes:
  • -aldrin
  • -dieldrin
  • -hepatochlormendrin
  • -tozaphene
249
Q
  1. Ectoparasticides (not endectocides) - Organophosphates
A 
azamethiphos
coumaphos
chlorpyrifos
dichlorvos
cythioate
diazinon
trichlorfon
haloxon
parathion
malathion 
fenthion
foxim
famphur
metriphonate
phosmet

Inhibitors:
atropine
pralidoxime

250
Q
  1. Ectoparasticides (not endectocides) - Carbamates - Spinosyns - Phenylpyrazoles
A

Carbamates:
carbaryl
propoxur

Spinosyns:
spinosad

Phenylpyrazoles:
firpronil
pyripil

251
Q
  1. Ectoparasticides (not endectocides) - Pyrethrins & Pyrethroids
A

Pyrethrins:
pyrethrine
jasmoline
cinerine

Pyrethroids:
bioallethrin
cyhalothrin
cypermethrin
deltamethrin
fenvalerate
flumethrin
phenothrin
permethrin (not cats)
tetramethrin
transmix
252
Q
  1. Ectoparasticides (not endectocides) - Formamidines (Amidines) - Neonicotinyls
A

Formamidines (Amidines):
amitraz

Inhibitor:
atipamezole

Neonicotinyls:

  • -imidacloprid
  • Neo-chloro-nicotinyls
  • -dinotefuran
  • -nitenpyram
253
Q
  1. Ectoparasticides (not endectocides) - Semicarbazone derivatives - Isoxazolines - Synergists
A

Semicarbazone derivatives:
metaflumizine

Isoxazolines:
fluralanes
afoxolanes

Synergists:
piperonyl butoxide
N-octyl bicycloheptene dicarboxamide

254
Q
  1. Ectoparasticides (not endectocides) - Insect growth regulators
A

Juvenile hormone analogues:
methoprene
pyriproxyfen
fenoxycarb

Chitin inhibitors:
lufenuron
diflubenzuron
cyromazine

255
Q
  1. Antifungal drugs
A 
Azoles:
-Imidazoles
-Triazoles
Polyene antibiotics
Allylamines
Microtubule form inhibitors
Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors
CW synthesis inhibitors
Others
256
Q
  1. Anti fungal drugs - Azoles
A 
Imidazoles:
thiobendazole 
miconazole
clotrimazole
bufonazole
enilconazole
ketoconazole
Triazoles:
itraconazole
fluconazole
voriconazole
posaconazole
257
Q
  1. Anti fungal drugs - Polyene antibiotics - Allylamines
A

Polyene antibiotics:
natamycin
nystatin
amophotericin B

Allylamines:
naftidine
terbinafine
butenafine

258
Q
  1. Anti fungal drugs - Microtubule form inhibitors - Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors - CW synthesis inhibitors
A

Microtubule form inhibitors:
griseofulvin

Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors:
flucytosine

CW synthesis inhibitors:
caspofungin
micafungin
anidulafungin

259
Q
  1. Anti fungal drugs - Others
A

tolnaftate
hexachlorophene
chlorhexidine
benzoic acid

Dyes:

  • fuchsine
  • resorcine
  • acriflarine
260
Q
  1. (60) Anti viral drugs
A

Pyrimidine nucleoside analogues:
idoxuridin
trifluridin
zidovudin (azidothymidine, AZT)

Purine nucleoside analogues:
acyclovir
ribavirin
gancyclovir
vidarabin
citarabin
amantadine (& rimantadine)
interferons (IFNs)
261
Q
  1. (61) Antineoplastic agents
A

Inhibitors of thymidylate synthase
Inhibitors of purine metabolism
Inhibitors of ribonucleotide reductase
Purine & Pyrimidine analogues
Agents that directly modify DNA structure
Topoisomerase inhibitors
Agents that inhibit microtubule polymerisation
Agents that inhibit microtubule depolymerisation
Anticancer agents: hormones & radioactive isotopes

262
Q
  1. (61) Antineoplastic agents - Inhibitors of thymidylate synthase - Inhibitors of purine metabolism - Inhibitors of ribonucleotide reductase
A

Inhibitors of thymidylate synthase:
fluorouracil (5-FU)
cepecitabine

Inhibitors of purine metabolism:
6-mercaptopurine (6-MP)
azathioprine (prodrug of 6-MP)

Inhibitors of ribonucleotide reductase:
hydroxylurea

263
Q
  1. (61) Antineoplastic agents - Purine & Pyrimidine analogues
A

Purine analogues:
fludarabine phosphate
cladribine

Pyrimidine analogues:
cytarabine (araC)
azacytidine

264
Q
  1. (61) Antineoplastic agents - Agents that directly modify DNA structure
A

Alkylating agents:
cyclophosphamide
nitrosurea
mitomycin

Platinum compounds:
cisplatin
carboplatin

Bleomycin

265
Q
  1. (61) Antineoplastic agents - Topoisomerase inhibitors
A

Camptothecine (topoisomerase 1):
irinotacan
topotecan

Anthracyclinea (topoisomerase 2):
doxorubicin

Epipodohyllotoxins (topoisomerase 2):
etoposide
teniposide

Amsacrine (topoisomerase 2)

266
Q
  1. (61) Antineoplastic agents - Agents that inhibit microtubule polymerisation - Agents that inhibit microtubule depolymerisation
A

Agents that inhibit microtubule polymerisation:
vinblastine
vincristine

Agents that inhibit microtubule depolymerisation:
paclitaxel

267
Q
  1. (61) Antineoplastic agents - Anticancer agents: hormones & radioactive isotopes
A

Hormones or other antagonists are used in hormone sensitive tumours:
glucocorticoids
tamoxifen
gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogues
antiandrogens

Radioactive isotopes can be targeted at specific tissues

268
Q
  1. (62) Growth promotors (alternatives of antibiotics)
A

Antibiotic growth promotors
Hormonal growth promotors
Beta-adrenergic agonists

269
Q
  1. (62) Growth promotors (alternatives of antibiotics) - Antibiotic growth promotors
A 
Ribosome function inhibitors:
avilamycin 
kitasamycin
oleandomycin
tylosin
virginiamycin

Cell wall inhibitors:
bacitracin
bambermycin

Cation disruptors (Ionophores):
lasalocid
monensin-Na
narasin
salinomycin
270
Q
  1. (62) Growth promotors (alternatives of antibiotics) - Hormonal growth promotors
A 
Anabolic steroids:
17-beta oestradiol
testosterone
progesterone
zeranol
trenbolone acetate 
MGA (melengestrol acetate)

Somatotropin:
bovine somatotropin (BST)
recombinant bovine growth hormone (rBGH)

271
Q
  1. (62) Growth promotors (alternatives of antibiotics) - Beta-adrenergic agonists
A

ractopamine

272
Q
  1. (62) Growth promotors (alternatives of antibiotics) - Alternatives to antibiotic growth promotors
A

Probiotics and competitive exclusion products
Oligosaccharides (prebiotics)
Symbiotics
Organic acids (formic acid, propionic acid, fumaric acid, citric acid, butyric acid)
Enzymes (b-glucanase, xylanase, bromelain)
Non-antibiotic rumen modifiers: buffers, bentonite, methane production inhibitors, bloat preventatives
Other growth promoting compounds: herbal products, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), heavy metals, antioxidants
Management and environmental optimization
Genetic selection

273
Q
  1. (63) Essential pharmacotherapeutics - E. Coli enteritis
A 
Aminoglycosides
Cephalosporins
Amphenicols
Fluoroquinolones
Nitrofurans
Penicillins
Polypeptide antibiotics
Sulfonamides
Tetracyclines
274
Q
  1. (63) Essential pharmacotherapeutics - Swine dysentery
A

Lincomycin
Tylosin/Tilmicosin/Tylvasolin
Tiamulin
Valnemulin

275
Q
  1. (64) Essential pharmacotherapeutics - Mycoplasmosis
A

Tetracyclines:
chlortetracycline
oxytetracycline
doxycycline

Macrolides & Lincosamides:
erythromycin
tylosin
tilmicosin
tulathromycin
lincomycin
Fluoroquinolones:
enrofloxacin
difloxacin
danofloxacin
marbofloxacin

Pleuromutilins:
tiamulin
valnemulin

276
Q
  1. (64) Essential pharmacotherapeutics - Mastitis
A

Systemic drugs

Intramammary drugs

277
Q
  1. (64) Essential pharmacotherapeutics - Mastitis - Systemic drugs
A

Fluoroquinolones:
danofloxacin
marbofloxacin

Tetracyclines:
oxytetracycline

Amphenicols:
florphenicol

Beta-lactams:
penethamat
ceftiofur-Na
cefquinome

Anti-inflammatory drugs:

  • NSAIDs:
  • flunixin
  • ketoprofen
  • Glucocorticoids:
  • dexamethasone

Others:

  • oxytocin
  • calcium-gluconate
  • isotonic saline
278
Q
  1. (64) Essential pharmacotherapeutics - Mastitis - Intramammary drugs
A

Beta-lactams:
penicillins
cephalosporins

Aminoglycosides:
dihydrostreptomycin
neomycin

Macrolides & Lincosamides:
erythromycin
lincomycin

Others:
novobiocin
colistin

279
Q
  1. Benzodiazepines + Antagonists
A 
diazepam
midazolam
zolazepam
clonazepam
clonazepate

Antagonists:
flumazenile
sarmazenil

280
Q
  1. CNS stimulants
A

Respiratory stimulant
Miscellaneous convulsives
Psychotomimetic drugs
Psychomotor stimulants

281
Q
  1. CNS stimulants - Respiratory stimulant - Miscellaneous convulsives
A

Respiratory stimulant:
doxapram

Miscellaneous convulsives:
strychnine
picrotoxin

282
Q
  1. CNS stimulants - Psychotomimetic drugs
A 
LSD 
MDMA
Mescaline
Psilocybin
Phenocyclidine
283
Q
  1. CNS stimulants - Psychomotor stimulants
A

dexamphetamine
methylamphetamine
methylphenidate
fenfluramine

284
Q
  1. Chemotherapy - Classification
A

Antimicrobial

  • Antibacterial
  • Antifungal
  • Antiviral
  • Disinfectants (environment) and Antiseptics (skin)

Anti-neoplastic

Anti-parasitic

285
Q
  1. Chemotherapy - Targets
A

Unique
Similar
Common

286
Q
  1. Chemotherapy - Targets - Unique
A

Inhibit cell wall:
b-lactams
glycopeptides
bacitracin

Attack fungal cell membrane: ergosterol

  1. Ergosterol synthesis inhibitors
    - ketoconazole
    - itraconazole
    - miconazole
  2. Ergosterol complex formers “Polienes”
    - amphotericin-B

Inhibit folic acid synthesis:
-PABA inhibitors
>sulphonamides

287
Q
  1. Chemotherapy - Targets - Similar
A

Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors:

trimethoprim: more affinity to bacterial
methotrexate: affinity equal

Protein synthesis inhibitors:
30S: Aminoglycosides
50S: Phenicols

288
Q
  1. Chemotherapy - Targets - Common
A

Primarily anti-neoplastic:
intensive cell division
-Antimetabolites (5-fluorouracil)

Anti-parasitic:

cholinergic: kill Ach type action + side effects
- levamisole
- pyrantel

289
Q
  1. Chemotherapy - Antibacterial agents - Mechanism of effect
A 
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors
Protein synthesis inhibitors
RNA synthesis inhibitors
Folic acid synthesis inhibitors
Topoisomerase inhibitors
Damage of DNA with toxic metabolites
290
Q
  1. Chemotherapy - Antibacterial agents - Mechanism of effect - Cell wall synthesis inhibitors - Protein synthesis inhibitors
A

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors:
b-lactams
glycopeptides
bacitracin

Protein synthesis inhibitors:
30S:
aminoglycosides
tetracyclines
50S:
macrolides
lincosamides
pleuromutilins
phenicols
291
Q
  1. Chemotherapy - Antibacterial agents - Mechanism of effect - RNA synthesis inhibitors - Folic acid synthesis inhibitors
A

RNA synthesis inhibitors:
rifamycins

Folic acid synthesis inhibitors:
sulphonamides
2,3 di-aminopyramides (trimethoprim)

292
Q
  1. Chemotherapy - Antibacterial agents - Mechanism of effect
A

Topoisomerase inhibitors:
fluoroquinolones
topoisomerase

Damage of DNA with toxic metabolites:
nitrofurans ANNEX IV
nitroimidazoles ANNEX IV

293
Q
  1. Chemotherapy - Antibacterial agents
A 
Mechanism of effect
Types
Effectivity
Combinations
Resistance
Transferring resistance
294
Q
  1. Chemotherapy - Antibacterial agents - Types
A

Natural: Antibiotic
penicillin

Semi-synthetic: Antibiotic
amoxicillin

Synthetic: Chemotherapeutic
sulphonamides

295
Q
  1. Chemotherapy - Antibacterial agents - Effectivity
A

MIC: minimum inhibitory concentration
no bacterial growth

MPC: mutant prevention concentration
no chance of mutation

MBC: minimum bactericidal concentration
kills bacteria completely

296
Q
  1. Chemotherapy - Antibacterial agents - Combinations
A

Synergistic: mutually beneficial
penicillins + streptomycin (aminoglycosides)
lincomycin + streptomycin (aminoglycosides)

Additive: together without inhibition
gentamycin + metronidazole

Antagonist:
erythromycin + chloramphenicol (both 50S)

297
Q
  1. Chemotherapy - Antibacterial agents - Resistance
A

Chromosomal: vertically
MRSA

Plasmid encoded: horizontally + vertically
E.coli–>Salmonella (within Enterobacteriaceae)

298
Q
  1. Chemotherapy - Antibacterial agents - Transferring resistance
A

Conjugation: sexual organs
chromosomal and plasmid

Transduction: bacteriophage

Transformation: living take up dead bacteria

Pharmacology Final (3 decks)

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