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Drug names Flashcards

1
Q

Antibiotic topics

A 
Substances
Mechanism
Mode of Action
Pharmacokinetics
Spectrum
Indications
Side effects
Resistance
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2
Q
  1. Drugs of autonomous NS - Parasympathetic Substances
A

Parasympathomimetics

Parasympatholytics

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3
Q
  1. Parasympathomimetics
A 
Direct:
 achetylcholine
 carbachol
 bethanecol
 methacholine
 pilocarpine

Indirect:
 physostigmine
 pyridostigmine
 neostigmine
 edrophonium
 organophosphates
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4
Q
  1. Parasympatholytics
A 
atropine
glycopyrrolate
homatropine
ipratropium
benzethemide
butyl-scopolamine
tropicamide
levadopa
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5
Q
  1. Drugs of autonomous NS - Sympathetic
A

Sympathomimetics:

  • Non-specific
  • Specific:
  • -B1 agonists
  • -B2 agonists
  • -A1 agonists
  • -A2 agonists

Sympatholytics:

  • A antagonists
  • -Non-specific
  • -A1 antagonists
  • -A2 antagonists
  • B antagonist
  • -Non-specific
  • -Specific (mostly B1)
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6
Q
  1. Sympathomimetics - Non-specific
A

adrenaline
noradrenaline
dopamine

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7
Q
  1. Sympathomimetics - Specific - B1 agonists
A

dobutamine

isoproterenol

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8
Q
  1. Sympathomimetics - Specific - B2 agonists
A 
clenbuterol
salmeterol
terbutaline
isoxsupine
salbutamol
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9
Q
  1. Sympathomimetics - Specific - A1 agonists
A 
phenylephrine
xylametazoline
oxymetazoline
naphtazoline
tetrizoline
phenylpropanolamine 
ephedrine
amphetamine
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10
Q
  1. Sympathomimetics - Specific - A2 agonists
A

xylazine
detomidine
medetomidine
romifidine

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11
Q
  1. Sympatholytics - A antagonists
A

Non-specific:
phenoxybenzamine
phentolamine
tolazoline

Specific:

  • A1 antagonists:
  • -prazosine
  • -doxazosine
  • A2 antagonists:
  • -atipamezole
  • -yohimbine
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12
Q
  1. Sympatholytics - B antagonists
A

Non-specific:
propranolol
timolole

Specific: (B1)
metaprolole
atenolole

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13
Q
  1. Sympathetic NS - receptors
A

A1
A2
B1
B2

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14
Q

A1

A

SM contraction, vasoconstriction (Increase PR), mydriasis

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15
Q

A2

A

Inhibition of neurotransmitter release (NA)
GI relaxation
Inhibition of insulin release

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16
Q

B1

A

Cardiac effects: negative inotropic, chronotropic

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17
Q

B2

A

Vasodilation, bronchodilation, uterus relaxation

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18
Q
  1. Tranquilizer sedatives (neuroleptics)
A

Phenothiazines

Butyrophenones

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19
Q
  1. Phenothiazines
A 
chloropromazine 
propionyl-promazine
acepromazine
thiethylperazine
trifluorperazine
fluphenazine
perphenazine
promethazine
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20
Q
  1. Butyrophenones
A

azaperone
droperidol
haloperidol
fluanison

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21
Q
  1. Hypnosedatives
A

A2 agonists + antagonists
benzodiazepines + antagonists
barbiturates

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22
Q
  1. A2 agonists + antagonists
A 
xylazine
detomidine
medetomidine
dexmedetomidine
romifidine

Antagonists:
atipamezole
yohimbine

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23
Q
  1. Barbiturates
A

Long acting:
phenobarbital

Short acting:
pentobarbital

Ultra short acting:
thiopental
thiamilal
hexobarbital
venobarbital
methohexital
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24
Q
  1. CNS stimulants: Anticonvulsives
A

CNS stimulants
Anticonvulsives
Status Epilepticus

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25
11. Anticonvulsives
Barbiturates Benzodiazepines Others
26
11. Anticonvulsives - Barbiturates
phenobarbital pentobarbital primidone
27
11. Anticonvulsives - Benzodiazepines
diazepam clonazepam carbamazepine
28
11. Anticonvulsives - Others
``` phenytoin valproic acid gabopentin felbamate topiramate lamotrigine bromide salts vigabatrin propofol ```
29
11. Status Epilepticus
diazepam pentobarbital propofol isoflurane/sevoflurane
30
12. Opioids
``` morphine butorphanol buprenorphine fentanyl tramadol codeine methadone etorphine pethidine meperidine pentazosine ```
31
13. Opioid antagonists | Neuroleptanalgesia combos
Opioid antagonists: naloxone naltrexone diprenorphine ``` Combos: etorphine + acepromazine butorphanol + acepromazine fentanyl + fluanisone fentanyl + droperidol ```
32
14. Injectable anaesthetics
``` Barbiturates Propofol Propandiol Imidazoles Dissociative anaesthetics Steroid anaesthetics ```
33
14. Injectable anaesthetics - Barbiturates
pentobarbital thiopental thiamilal methohexital
34
14. Injectable anaesthetics - Imidazoles
etomidate | metomidate
35
14. Injectable anaesthetics - Dissociative anaesthetics
ketamine | tiletamine
36
14. Injectable anaesthetics - Steroid anaesthetics
alfaxalon + alfadolon | alfaxalon
37
15. Inhalational anaesthetics
nitrous oxide N2O ``` Halogenated volatile liquids: halothane enflurane isoflurane desflurane sevoflurane ```
38
15. Inhalational anaesthetics - MAC potency
halothane>isoflurane>sevoflurane>desflurane>N2O
39
16. Local anaesthetics
``` Esters: procaine chloroprocaine tetracaine benzocaine cocaine ``` ``` Amides: lidocaine (lignocaine) prilocaine mepivacaine bupivacaine ropivacaine ```
40
16. Local anaesthetics - Toxicity
mepivacaine
41
16. Local anaesthetics - Neuron function loss
pain>touch>deep pressure>motor function
42
16. Local anaesthetics - Clearance
prilocaine>lidocaine>mepi/ropivacaine>bupivacaine
43
17. Myorelaxants
Central Peripheral SM relaxants
44
17. Myorelaxants - Central
guaifenesin baclophen carisoprodol methocarbamol
45
17. Myorelaxants - Peripheral
``` Non-depolarizing (competitive): d-tubocurarin atracurium aminosteroids pancuronium vecuronium rocuronium gallamine cisatracuronium mivacuronium benzylisoquinolines ``` Depolarizing: suxamethorium (succinyl choline)
46
17. Myorelaxants - SM relaxants (spasmolytics)
Direct acting Parasympatholytics Sympathomimetics Other (NSAIDS, Phenothiazines)
47
17. Myorelaxants - SM relaxants (spasmolytics) - Direct acting - Parasympatholytics
Direct acting: papaverine drotaverine ``` Parasympatholytics: atropine hyoscyamine scopolamine ipratropium tropicamide ```
48
18. Pharmacology of inflammation
Acute phase Chronic phase Know
49
18. Pharmacology of inflammation - Acute phase
``` Antacoids: histamine (cytokine) serotonin (cytokine) bradykinin, kallidin (kinins) prostaglandins (eicosanoid) leukotrienes (eicosanoid) angiotensin, neurotensin NO complement proteins endothelins cytokines -interleukins -GM-CSF -G-CSF -TNF alpha -interferons ```
50
18. Pharmacology of inflammation - Chronic phase
cytokines - interleukins - GM-CSF - G-CSF - TNF alpha
51
18. Pharmacology of inflammation - Know
STAT - inhibits JAK-mediated pathway | Drug name = Oclatinib (IL- inhibitor)
52
19. NSAIDs
``` Salicylates (1g) Acetic acid derivatives (1g) Proprionic acid derivatives Anthranidic acids (1g) Oxicams Aniline derivatives Pyrazole derivatives (1g) Coxibs (3g) COX 2 selective inhibitors ```
53
19. NSAIDs - Salicylates (1g)
sulfosalazine | acetyl-salicylic acid (aspirin)
54
19. NSAIDs -Acetic acid derivatives (1g)
diclofenac | etodolac
55
19. NSAIDs - Proprionic acid derivatives
1g: ketoprofen vedaprofen 2g: carprofen ibuprofen naproxen
56
19. NSAIDs - Anthranidic acids (1g)
tolfenamic acid | flunixin-meglumide
57
19. NSAIDs - Oxicams
1g: piroxicam 2g: meloxicam
58
19. NSAIDs - Aniline derivatives
1g: paracetamol 2g: nimesulide
59
19. NSAIDs - Pyrazole derivatives (1g)
metamizole | phenylbutazone
60
19. NSAIDs - Coxibs (3g)
deracoxib firocoxib mavacoxib robenacoxib
61
19. NSAIDs - COX 2 selective inhibitors
``` celecoxib rofecoxib valdecoxib meloxicam peroxicam ```
62
20.
Cytokine inhibitors Thromboxane antagonists Thromboxane synthesis inhibitors Leukotriene inhibitors
63
20. Cytokine inhibitors
TNF alpha inhibitors: etanercept infliximab adalimumab IL-1 inhibitors: anakinra
64
20. Thromboxane antagonists
TXA2 receptor antagonists: | ridogrel
65
20. Thromboxane synthesis inhibitors
dazoxiben | pirmagrel
66
20. Leukotriene inhibitors
LT-synthesis inhibitors (inhibit LOX): zileuton fenleuton adenosine LT receptor antagonists: montelukast zafirlukast JAK inhibitors: ocalcitinib
67
21. Antihistamines
``` 1st generation (cross BBB): Ethanolamines Phenothiazines Piperazines Ethylenediamines cyproheptadin dimetinden ``` 2nd generation (do not cross BBB) Loratadine (claritin) Cetrizine
68
21. Antihistamines - 1st generation (cross BBB) - Ethanolamines
diphenhydramine dimenhydrinate clemastine
69
21. Antihistamines - 1st generation (cross BBB) - Phenothiazines
promethazine | acepromazine
70
21. Antihistamines - 1st generation (cross BBB) - Piperazines
hydroxyzine cyclizine chlorcyclizine
71
21. Antihistamines - 1st generation (cross BBB) - Ethylenediamines
chlorpyramine | tripelenamine
72
22. Pharmacology of Immunosuppression
Glucocorticoids Cytotoxic agents Lymphocyte signalling inhibitors Cytokine inhibitors
73
22. Pharmacology of Immunosuppression - Glucocorticoids
e.g prednisolone
74
22. Pharmacology of Immunosuppression - Cytotoxic agents
``` Antimetabolites azathioprine-->b-mercaptopurine methotrexate mycophenolate mofetil-->mycophenolic acid luflunomide ``` Alkylating agents cyclophosphamide
75
22. Pharmacology of Immunosuppression - Lymphocyte signalling inhibitors
cyclosporine tacrolimus sirolimus pimecrolimus
76
22. Pharmacology of Immunosuppression - Cytokine inhibitors
TNF alpha inhibitors: etanercept infliximab aldalimumab IL-1 inhibitor: anakinra
77
23. Glucocorticoids + relative potency
``` Short acting (8-12h) Medium Duration of Action (24-48h) Long acting (48-72h) Local (inhalational) Ester, salts ```
78
23. Glucocorticoids + relative potency - Short acting (8-12h)
cortisole 1 | cortisone 1
79
23. Glucocorticoids + relative potency - Medium Duration of Action (24-48h)
prednisone 4 prednisolone 4 methylprednisolone 5-7 triamcinolone 5-10
80
23. Glucocorticoids + relative potency - Long acting (48-72h)
dexamethasone 25-30 betamethasone 25-30 flumethasone 100
81
23. Glucocorticoids + relative potency - Local (inhalational)
baclomethasone 300-400 | fluticasone 400-500
82
23. Glucocorticoids + relative potency - Ester, salts
Na phosphate, Na succinate (water soluble-given IV, short acting) --> Diproprionate, phenylproprionate, acetate (not water soluble, not IV --> only IM, longer duration of action) --> Acetonide/Valerate (least water soluble, longest absorption and duration (1 month)
83
24. Anti-arrythmics
``` Class 1 : Na-Blockers Class 2 : B-Blockers Class 3 : K-Blockers Class 4 : Ca-Blockers Class 5 : Other ```
84
24. Anti-arrythmics - Class 1 : Na-Blockers
1A: quinidine procainamide ``` 1B: lidocaine mexiletine tocainide phenytoin ``` 1C: flecainide
85
24. Anti-arrythmics - Class 2 : B-Blockers
1st generation : B1 & B2 propanolol 2nd generation : B1 methoprolol atenolol esmolol 3rd generation: cervediol
86
24. Anti-arrythmics - Class 3 : K-Blockers
``` sotalol amiodarone (1-4 class effects) ```
87
24. Anti-arrythmics - Class 4 : Ca-Blockers
``` Dihydropyridine types: amlodipine nifedipine Non-dihydropyridine types: verapamil diltiazem ```
88
24. Anti-arrythmics - Class 5 : Other
digoxin | atropine
89
25. Positive inotropes, cardiogenic drugs
Acute Heart Failure: epinephrine dobutamine dopamine Chronic Heart Failure: - cardiotoxic: - -(digitalis glycosides) (digoxin + digitoxin) - PDE inhibitors: - -pimobendan
90
26. Cardiovascular volume regulation
``` ACE inhibitors Angiotensin 2 receptor antagonists Organic nitrates Ca-Blockers Non-Ca-Blockers Other ```
91
26. Cardiovascular volume regulation - ACE inhibitors
``` captopril enalapril-->enalaprilat ramipril-->ramiprilat benazepril-->benazeprilat lisinopril ```
92
26. Cardiovascular volume regulation - Angiotensin 2 receptor antagonists
losartan telmisartan valsartan
93
26. Cardiovascular volume regulation - Organic nitrates
nitroglycerin | nitroprusside-Na
94
26. Cardiovascular volume regulation - Ca-Blockers
amlodipine | nifedipine
95
26. Cardiovascular volume regulation - Non-Ca-Blockers
verapamil | diltiazem
96
26. Cardiovascular volume regulation - Other
A1 antagonists: prazosin doxazosin hydrazolin PDE inhibitors: pimobendan
97
27. Diuretics
1. Cardiac diuretics 2. Osmotic diuretics 3. Natriuretics - a. CA inhibitors (proximal convoluted tubule) - b. Loop diuretics (loop of Henle) - c. Thiazides (distal convoluted tubule) - d. Potassium sparing diuretics (collecting duct)
98
27. Diuretics - 1. Cardiac diuretics
digoxin Xanthine diuretics: caffeine theophylline theobromine ``` ACE inhibitors: enalapril benazepril ramipril captopril lisinopril ```
99
27. Diuretics - 2. Osmotic diuretics
mannitol | glycerine
100
27. Diuretics - Natriuretics - CA inhibitors (proximal convoluted tubule)
dorsolamide brinzolamide acetazolamide
101
27. Diuretics - Natriuretics - Loop diuretics (loop of Henle)
furosemide torsemide etacrinic acid
102
27. Diuretics - Natriuretics - Thiazides (distal convoluted tubule)
chlorothiazole hydrochlorthiazole clopamide
103
27. Diuretics - Natriuretics - Potassium sparing diuretics (collecting duct)
Electrogenic Na channel inhibitors: amiloride triametenine Aldosterone antagonists: spironolactone
104
28. Pharmacology of Vascular tone
``` Organic nitrates Ca channel blockers K channel openers Endothelin receptor antagonists Other ```
105
28. Pharmacology of Vascular tone - Organic nitrates
nitroglycerin | nitroprusside-Na
106
28. Pharmacology of Vascular tone -Ca channel blockers
Dihydropyridines: amlodipine nifedipine Non-dihydropyridines: verapamil diltiazem
107
28. Pharmacology of Vascular tone - Endothelin receptor antagonists
bosentan
108
28. Pharmacology of Vascular tone - Other
A1 receptor antagonists: parazosin doxazosin hydralazin PDE inhibitors: pimobendan ``` ACE inhibitors: captopril enalapril benazepril ramipril lisinopril ```
109
29. Pharmacology of haemostasis & thrombosis -
``` Antiplatelet agents Anticoagulants -Vit K antagonists -Other Thrombolytic agents ``` Inhibitors of anticoagulants
110
29. Pharmacology of haemostasis & thrombosis - Antiplatelet agents
COX inhibitors acetyl-salicylic acid (aspirin) ADP recepetor inhibitors ticlopidin clopidogrel
111
29. Pharmacology of haemostasis & thrombosis - Anticoagulants -Vit K antagonists
``` Warfarin Heparin -Non-fractionated: --Na-heparin --Ca-heparin -Low Molecular Weight Heparin: --dalteparin --fraxiparin --enoxaparin ```
112
29. Pharmacology of haemostasis & thrombosis - Anticoagulants - Other
``` Xa factor inhibitor: fondaparinux Direct thrombin inhibitors: hirudine lepirudine desirudine ```
113
29. Pharmacology of haemostasis & thrombosis - Thrombolytic agents
``` streptokinase tPA analogues: alteplas tenecteplas reteplas ```
114
29. Pharmacology of haemostasis & thrombosis - Inhibitors of anticoagulants
protamine | ethamsylate
115
30. Pharmacology of Haematopoiesis & Immunomodulation
``` Haematopoiesis: anaemia due to EPO deficiency iron deficiency anaemia anaemia due to infection vit B12 ``` ``` Immunomodulation: levamisole (inhibited by atropine) n-n-dimethylglycine interferons granulocyte colony stimulating factors ```
116
30. Pharmacology of Haematopoiesis
Anaemia due to EPO deficiency Iron deficiency anaemia Anaemia due to infection Vit B12
117
30. Pharmacology of Immunomodulation
``` levamisole (inhibited by atropine) n-n-dimethylglycine Interferons interferon-omega virbagen-omega Granulocyte colony stimulating factors filgrastin sargramostim ```
118
30. Pharmacology of Haematopoiesis - Anaemia due to EPO deficiency
EPO as a drug: epoetin-a (rhEPO-a) darbepoietin
119
30. Pharmacology of Haematopoiesis - Iron deficiency anaemia
``` Iron supplement: PO (Fe2+) -iron fumarate -iron gluconate IM (Fe3+) -iron dextran (inhibited by deferoxamin) ```
120
30. Pharmacology of Haematopoiesis - Anaemia due to infection
hepcidin
121
30. Pharmacology of Haematopoiesis - Vit B12
cyanocobalamin | hydroxycobalamin
122
31. Respiratory system - Bronchodilators & Anti-inflammatory drugs
``` Bronchodilators: -Sympathomimetics -Parasympatholytics -Methylxanthines Respiratory anti-inflammatories -Inhalational glucocorticoids -Chromones -LT antagonists ```
123
31. Respiratory system - Bronchodilators - Sympathomimetics
Non-specific: adrenaline ephedrin isoproterenol Specific: - B2 agonists: - -Short acting: salbutamol - -Long lasting - --terbutaline - --clenbuterol - --salmeterol
124
31. Respiratory system - Bronchodilators - Parasympatholytics
Ach antagonists: atropine glycopyrrolate ipratropium
125
31. Respiratory system - Bronchodilators - Methylxanthines
Derivatives of theophylline: aminophyllin propentophyllin pentoxyphyllin
126
31. Respiratory system - Anti-inflammatory drugs - Inhalational glucocorticoids
beclomathasone | fluticasone
127
31. Respiratory system - Anti-inflammatory drugs - Chromones
Na-chromoglycate | nedocromil
128
31. Respiratory system - Anti-inflammatory drugs - LT antagonists
LT synthesis inhibitors: zileuton fenleuton LT receptor antagonists: zafirlukast montelukast
129
32. Antitussives
``` Morphine derivatives: codeine hydrocodon butorphanol dextrometorphan tramadol ```
130
32. Mucolytics & Expectorants
Mucolytics: n-acetylcysteine carbocysteine ``` Expectorants: bromhexine ambroxol dembrexine guaifenesin (also central muscle relaxant) ```
131
33. Pharmacology of Asthma & RAO
``` Glucocorticoids Bronchodilators Fe: Asthma -Antihistamines -Respiratory anti-inflammatories ```
132
33. Pharmacology of Asthma & RAO - Glucocorticoids
beclomethasone | fluticasone
133
33. Pharmacology of Asthma & RAO - Bronchodilators
Horse: salmeterol (B2 agonist) / clenbuterol (sympathomimetic) + beclomethasone ipratropium + beclomethasone (parasympatholytic, Ach antagonist) Cat: salbutamol + fluticasone
134
33. Pharmacology of Asthma & RAO - Antihistamines
cyproheptadine
135
33. Pharmacology of Asthma & RAO - Respiratory anti-inflammatories
Chromones: -Na-chromoglycate LT-antagonist: zafirlukast
136
34. Emetics
Central: apomorphine xylazine Peripheral: sympo of ipecuarha, 3-4% H2O2
137
34. Anti-emetics
Local | Systemic
138
34. Anti-emetics - Local
vit B6 Local anaesthetics: lidocaine benzocaine Coating agents: sycralfate
139
34. Anti-emetics - Systemic
``` Phenothiazines: acepromazine chlorpromazine thiethylperazine promethazine ``` Dopamine antagonists: metoclopramide domperidone Serotonin antagonists: ondasetron dolasetron Anti-histamines: diphyenhydramine promethazine NK-1 antagonists: maropitant
140
34. Anti-emetics - Anti-ulcer
Antacids: - Systemic: - -NaHCO3 - Non-systemic: - -MgO, Mg(OH) - -Al(OH)3 ``` H2 antagonists: cimetidine ranitidine famotidine nizatidine ``` Proton pump inhibitors: omeprazole panteprazole PGE analogues: misaprostole Coating agents: sucralfate
141
34. Anti-emetics - Prokinetics
Dopamine antagonists: metoclopramide domperidone cisapride H2 antagonists: ranitidine nizatidine Macrolides: erythromycin Parasympathomimetics: neostigmine piridostigmine bethanecol
142
35. Laxatives
Stimulant laxatives Osmotic laxatives Colloid laxatives Emollients (coating agents)
143
35. Laxatives - Stimulant laxatives
``` castor oil phenophthalein bisocodyl emodin aloe docusate ```
144
35. Laxatives - Osmotic laxatives
NaSO4 MgSO4 Na-citrate Lactulose
145
35. Laxatives - Colloid laxatives - | Emollients (coating agents)
Colloid laxatives: cornmeal psyllium species pumpkin Emollients: liquid paraffin
146
35. Antidiarrheals
Adsorbents Adstringents Drugs decreasing GI motility
147
35. Antidiarrheals - Adsorbents
activated charcoal kaolin monmorillonit
148
35. Antidiarrheals - Adstringents
``` Bismuth salts subsalicylate (not cats) subgallate subnitrate carbonate ``` Tannic acid
149
35. Antidiarrheals - Drugs decreasing GI motility
Parasympatholytics: butyl-scopolamine atropine Morphine derivatives: diphenoxylate loperamide
150
36. Hepatoprotectives + EPI treatment
Cholagogues - Cholekinetics: MgSO4 - Choleretics (IV) - Hepatoprotectives Lipotropic agents (PO) Others EPI treatment
151
36. Hepatoprotectives + EPI treatment - Choleretics (IV)
menbuton, clanbutin (injection) | UDCA (ursodeoxycholic acid) (PO)
152
36. Hepatoprotectives + EPI treatment - Hepatoprotectives
``` silymarin (PO) SAMe (S-adenosyl methionine) (PO) D-penicillamine (PO) N-acetyl-cysteine (IV) vit E, B, K, C glucose, fructose (injection) Ions: Zn, Mg, Se, Co ```
153
36. Hepatoprotectives + EPI treatment -Lipotropic agents (PO)
``` choline carnitine methionine lecithin inositol ```
154
36. Hepatoprotectives + EPI treatment - EPI treatment
Supplements: vit E, K, B12 Pancreatic enzymes SIB: metronidazole tylosin amoxicillin
155
36. Drugs affecting GI function
Anti-foaming Against rumen acidosis Against rumen alkalosis Motility modifying agents
156
36. Drugs affecting GI function - Anti-foaming
Vegetable oils: sunflower oil soya oil peanut oil paraffin oil alcohol + methylcellulose polyxalene dimethicone
157
36. Drugs affecting GI function - Against rumen acidosis
transfaun | Mg(OH)2
158
36. Drugs affecting GI function - Against rumen alkalosis
acetic acid 5% | cold water
159
36. Drugs affecting GI function - Motility modifying agents
rumen fluid transfer Parasympathomimetics: neostigimine carbachol pyridostigmine Dopamine antagonist: metoclopramide
160
37. Nutritional pharmacology - Minerals
``` Calcium - Ca Iron - Fe Magnesium - Mg Phosphorus - (hyper P) Zinc - Zn Selenium - Se ```
161
37. Nutritional pharmacology - Minerals - Calcium - Ca
IV infusion: CaCl2 Ca-gluconate Ca-borogluconate PO: Ca-carbonate Ca-lactate/gluconate/citrate
162
37. Nutritional pharmacology - Minerals - Iron - Fe
PO: Fe2+ Iron fumarate/humate/gluconate IM: Fe3+ iron dextrane
163
37. Nutritional pharmacology - Minerals - Magnesium - Mg
Mg-chloride (IV) Mg-sulphate (IV/PO) Mg-O, (OH)2 (PO) Mg-lactate, citrate (PO)
164
37. Nutritional pharmacology - Minerals - Phosphorus - (hyper P)
Phosphate binders: chitoxin sevelamer Al(OH)3
165
37. Nutritional pharmacology - Minerals - Zinc - Zn
Zn-oxide (PO) Zn-sulphate (PO) Zn-gluconate (PO) Zn-oxide (topical)
166
37. Nutritional pharmacology - Minerals - Selenium - Se
Na-selenite (PO/IM)
167
37. Nutritional pharmacology - Vitamins
``` Vit A Vit D Vit E Vit K Vit B1 Vit B6 Vit B12 Vit C ```
168
37. Nutritional pharmacology - Vitamins - Vit D & E & K
Vit D: cholecalciferol (D3) alphacalcidol (1-OH) calcitriol (1, 25-OH) Vit E: alpha-tocopherol Vit K: phylloquinone (K1)/phytomenadion menakinon (K2) synthetic (K3,4,5)
169
37. Nutritional pharmacology - Vitamins - Vit B1, B6, B12, C
Vit B1: thiamine ancurine Vit B6: riboflavin Vit B12: cyanocobalamin hydroxycobalamin ``` Vit C: ascorbic acid (L,P) ```
170
37. Nutritional pharmacology - Appetite stimulants
B-vit (PO & PE) Anabolic steroids: nandrolone stanozole Benzodiazepines: diazepam oxazepam Cyproheptadine Propofol
171
38. Hypophyseal & Pituitary gland hormones & analogues
Hypothalamus Pituitary gland -Adenohypophysis -Neurohypophysis
172
38. Hypophyseal & Pituitary gland hormones & analogues - Hypothalamus
GnRH: - Mimic GnRH: - -buserelin - -gonadorelin - -sermirelin - Paradox process (decreasing FSH & LH): - -fentirelin - -deslorelin
173
38. Hypophyseal &Pituitary gland hormones & analogues - Pituitary gland
Adenohypophysis: - GH (somatotropin) - ACTH (corticotopin) - TSH (thyrotropin) - PRL antagonists - FSH - LH Neurohypophysis: - ADH (vasopressin) - Oxytocin
174
38. Hypophyseal & Pituitary gland hormones & analogues - Pituitary gland - Adenohypophysis - GH (somatotropin)
GH (somatotropin): hsT bsT psT Somatostatin analogues: octreotide lanreotide GH receptor antagonists: pregristomet
175
38. Hypophyseal & Pituitary gland hormones & analogues - Pituitary gland - Adenohypophysis - ACTH (corticotopin) - TSH (thyrotropin)
ACTH (corticotropin): tetracosactrin cosyntropin TSH (thyrotropin): hypo: L-thyroxine (PO) hyper: methimazole (PO)
176
38. Hypophyseal & Pituitary gland hormones & analogues - Pituitary gland - Adenohypophysis - PRL antagonists -FSH - LH
PRL antagonists: - Ergolides: (PO) - -bromocriptine - -cabergoline FSH: eCG/PMSG (IM) LH: hCG (IM)
177
38. Hypophyseal & Pituitary gland hormones & analogues - Pituitary gland - Neurohypophysis
ADH (vasopressin): - Natural vasopressin synthetic analogues: - -desmopressin - -chlorpropamide Oxytocin: oxytocin (injection) carbetocin
178
39. Pharmacology of thyroid gland & adrenal gland hormones
Thyroid gland: calcitonin hypo (dog) hyper (cat) ``` Adrenal gland: glucocorticoids mineralcorticoids -hypo (addison's) -hyper (cushing's) ```
179
39. Pharmacology of thyroid gland
Calcitonin Hypo (dog): - (T3,T4) - L-thyroxine (PO) - L-thyroxine-Na (SC,IV) - L-tri-iodothyronine (PO) ``` Hyper (cat): thiouracil propylthiouracil thiamazole methimazole iodine ```
180
39. Pharmacology of adrenal gland
Glucocorticoids Mineralcorticoids: - Hypo (Addison's): - -aldosterone - -DOCP (desoxycorticosterone pivalate) (IM) - -fludrocortisone acetate (PO) - Hyper (Cushing's): - -Pituitary: - --bromocriptine - --cyproheptadine-HCl - -Pituitary &/or adrenal: - --ketoconazole - --mitotane - --trilostane
181
40. Pancreatic hormones
``` Insulin: regular insulin insulin zinc suspension protamine zinc insulin isophane insulin ```
182
40. Drugs influencing glucose metabolism
``` Sulphonylurea substances: tolbutamide chlorpropamide metahexamide glibenclamide glipizide ``` Biguanides: fenformine buformine methformine
183
41. Gonadal hormonal drugs
Estrogens Androgens Progesterones Prostaglandins
184
41. Gonadal hormonal drugs - Estrogens + anti + recepter modifiers
``` Estrogens: oestriol oestradiol benzoate oestradiol cypionate injection oestradiol valerate hexoestrol zeranol ``` Anti: anastrozole letrozole Receptor modifiers: tamoxifen raloxifen clomiphen
185
41. Gonadal hormonal drugs - Androgens + anti-anabolics + anti-androgens
``` Androgens: testosterone undecanoate testosterone phenylproprionate ethyl testosterone ethynyl testosterone ``` Anti-anabolics: stanozole nandrolone metandienone Anti-androgens: ciproterone delmadinone
186
41. Gonadal hormonal drugs - Progesterones + antagonists
Type 1: Strong gestagens medroxyprogesterone acetate flurogestone acetate norgestomet ``` Type 2: Weak gestagens proligestone megastrol acetate altrenogast melengestrol acetate ``` Antagonist: aglepriston
187
41. Gonadal hormonal drugs - Prostaglandins
``` closprosteriol dinoprost alfaprostol etiproston luprostiol ```
188
41. Drugs affecting uterus
Ergolides (anti-PRL) Myometrial stimulants Myometrial relaxants
189
41. Drugs affecting uterus - Ergolides (anti-PRL)
bromocriptine cabergoline metergoline
190
41. Drugs affecting uterus - Myometrial stimulants
oxytocin, carbetocin Ergot alkaloids: ergotoxin ergotamine ergometrine Prostaglandins: etiproston luprostiol dinoprost carbachol
191
41. Drugs affecting uterus - Myometrial relaxants
denaverin ``` B2 agonists: clenbuterol terbutalin vetrabutin isoxsuprine lactate ``` Phenothiazines: proquamezine aminopromazine Anticholinergics: atropine
192
43. Disinfectants & antiseptic substances
``` Halogens Biguamides Acids Alkalis Aldehydes Alcohols Cationic surfactants ```
193
43. Disinfectants & antiseptic substances - Halogens
Iodine: iodine tincture iodophores Chlorine: - Organic: - -chloramine B - Inorganic: - -sodium hypochlorite - -calcium hypochlorite
194
43. Disinfectants & antiseptic substances - Biguamides + Acids + Alkalis
Biguamides: chlorhexidine Acids: - acetic acid - HCl Alkalis: -CaO -Ca(OH)2 +Na
195
43. Disinfectants & antiseptic substances - Aldehydes + Alcohols
Aldehydes: formaldehyde gluteraldehyde Alcohols: ethanol methanol isopropylalcohol
196
43. Disinfectants & antiseptic substances - Cationic surfactants
benzalkonium chloride benzalthonium chloride +halogen
197
44. Penicillins
Narrow spectrum Penicillinase stable penicillins Broad spectrum Penicillins against Pseudomonas
198
44. Penicillins - Narrow spectrum
``` benzylpenicillin-Na, K procaine-penicillin benzathine-penicillin phenoxymethyl-penicillin penethamat ```
199
44. Penicillins - Penicillinase stable penicillins
``` Acid resistant: oxacillin cloxacilliin dicloxacillin flucloxacillin ``` Acid sensitive: methicillin
200
44. Penicillins - Broad spectrum
amoxicillin (+clavulanic acid) | ampicillin (+sulbactam)
201
44. Penicillins - Penicillins against Pseudomonas
Carboxypenicillins: ticarcillin Vreidopenicillins: piperacillin (+tazobactam)
202
45. Cephalosporin drugs
1st generation 2nd generation 3rd generation 4th generation
203
45. Cephalosporin drugs - 1st generation
PO: cephalexin cefadroxil Parenteral: cephapirin cefacetril cephazoline
204
45. Cephalosporin drugs - 2nd generation
PO: cefuroxime axetil cefaclor Parenteral: cefuroxime
205
45. Cephalosporin drugs - 3rd generation
PO: Cefixime ``` Parenteral: cefoperazone ceftazidime ceftiofur cefovecin cefotaxime/ceftriaxone ```
206
45. Cephalosporin drugs - 4th generation
Parenteral: | cefquinome
207
45. Cephalosporin drugs - Excretion/Elimination
``` mainly kidney (urine) but cefoperazone, ceftriaxone-->bile ``` Metabolism: liver cephalotin cephapirin cefaclor
208
45. Cephalosporin drugs - Indications
``` 1st generation: mastitis otitis dermatitis pre-op (cephazoline) ``` 2nd generation: bite wounds 3rd generation: mastitis (cefoperazone) encephalitis, meningitis (Lyme disease) (cefotaxime, ceftriaxone) respiratory infections (ceftiofur) 4th generation: same
209
45. Monobactams & Carbapenems
Monobactams: aztreonam (PE) trigemonam (PO) Carbapenems: imipenem (+cilastatin) meropenem
210
46. Aminoglycosides
``` neomycin gentamicin streptomycin spectinomycin kanamycin amikacin tobramycin apramycin ```
211
46. Aminoglycosides - Cross resistance
streptomycin>neomycin>gentamicin>tobramycin/amikacin
212
46. Aminoglycosides - Toxicity
neomycin>gentamicin>streptomycin>amikacin>spectinomycin
213
47. Tetracyclines
Short acting: tetracycline oxytetracycline chlortetracycline Intermediate acting: demethylchlortetracycline methacycline Long acting: doxycycline minocycline
214
48. Macrolides
``` tylosin tilvasolin tilmicosin tildipirosin erythromycin azithromycin clarithromycin gamithromycin roxithromycin tulathromycin kitasamycin josamycin spiramycin ```
215
49. Lincosamides & Pleuromutilins
Lincosamides: lincomycin clindamycin Pleuromutilins: tiamulin (not with ionophores) valnemulin
216
49. Swine dysentery drug cascade
``` Swine dysentery (Brachyspira hyodysenteriae) tylosin>lincomycin>tylvasolin>tiamulin>valnemulin ```
217
50. Miscellaneous antibiotics
Phenicols Glycopeptides Rifamycins Polymixins/polypeptides
218
50. Miscellaneous antibiotics - Phenicols + half-lives
florphenicol tiamphenicol chloramphenicol Ru (1/2day) > Swine (OID) > Cat (BID) > Dog (TID/QID)
219
50. Miscellaneous antibiotics - Glycopeptides
1st generation: vancomycin teicoplanin ramoplanin 2nd generation: oritavancin dalbavancin telavancin
220
50. Miscellaneous antibiotics - Rifamycins - Polymixins/polypeptides
Rifamycins: rifampin rifabutin ``` Polymixins/polypeptides: polymyxin: -polymixin B -polymixin E -colistine muciprocin bacitracin ```
221
51. Sulphonamides
Local: sulfacetamide mafenide silver sulfadiazene PO: sulfaguanidine Systemic: - Short: - -sulfasalazine - -sulfadoxine - -sulfadimidine - -sulfaquinoxaline - -sulfamethoxazole - -sulfachlorpyrazine - -sulfachlorpyridazine - Long: - -sulfadimethoxine
222
51. 2,4-Diaminopyrimidines
``` Short: trimethoprim ormethoprim pyrimethamine diaveridine ``` Long: aditoprim baquiloprim
223
52. Quinolones
``` Quinolones -1st generation Fluoroquinolones -1st generation -2nd generation -3rd generation -4th generation ```
224
52. Quinolones - 1st generation
``` Quinolones: oxalic acid nalidixic acid pipemedic acid cinxacin ``` Fluoroquinolones: flumequine norfloxacin
225
52. Quinolones - 2nd generation
``` enrofloxacin ciprofloxacin danofloxacin ibafloxacin marbofloxacin pefloxacin ofloxacin difloxacin orbifloxacin sarafloxacin ```
226
52. Quinolones - 3rd & 4th generation
``` 3rd generation: levofloxacin sparfloxacin balofloxacin temafloxacin ``` ``` 4th generation: gatifloxacin moxifloxacin trovafloxacin gemifloxacin pradofloxacin ```
227
53. Other anti-bacterial agents
Hydroxyquinolones Nitroimidazoles Nitrofurans Quinoxalines
228
53. Other anti-bacterial agents - Hydroxyquinolones - Nitrofurans
``` Hydroxyquinolones: chloroquine chlorquinaldole iodochlorhydroxyquin (clioquinol) diiodohydroxyquin (iodoquinol) broxyquinoline hydroxyquinoline ``` Nitrofurans: (not food producing) nitrofurantoin furazolidone (nifuroxazide, nifursol)
229
53. Other anti-bacterial agents - Nitroimidazoles - Quinoxalines
``` Nitroimidazoles: (not food producing) tinidazole ronidazole metronidazole dimetridazole ipronidazolem ``` Quinoxalines: (not food producing) carbadox olaquindox
230
54. Anticoccidials
Ionophore antibiotics Sulphonamides Triazines Other
231
54. Anticoccidials - Ionophore antibiotics - Sulphonamides
Ionophore antibiotics: - Monovalents: - -monensin - -salinomycin - -narazin - -semduramicin - Divalents: - -lasalocid - -maduramicin Sulphonamides: sulphaquinoxaline sulphachlorpyrazine
232
54. Anticoccidials - Triazines - Other
``` Triazines: clazuril diclazuril toltrazuril ponazuril ``` Pyridine derivatives: clopidol Pyrimidine derivatives: amprolium Quinazoline derivatives: halofuginone Carbinilide derivatives: nicarbazine Guanidine derivatives: robenidine Quinoline derivatives: decoquinate Purine derivatives: aprinocid
233
55. Antiprotozoals
``` Babesiosis Histomoniasis Trichomoniasis Hexamitiasis Giardia Leishmaniasis Trypanosomiasis ```
234
55. Antiprotozoals - Babesiosis
Diamidine derivatives: - Aromatic: - -phenamide isethionate - -piminazine diareturate - -pentamidine - Carbarnilide derivatives: - -imidocarb diproprionate - -amidocarbalide Tetracyclines: chlortetracycline (Eq) doxycycline (Ca)
235
55. Antiprotozoals - Histomoniasis - Trichomoniasis - Hexamitiasis - Giardia
5-nitroimidazoles: (not food producing) dimetridazole metronidazole ronidazole Nitrofurans: (not food producing) nifursol furasolidone Organic arsenicals: (not food producing) nitarsone roxarsone Benzimidazoles: (anthelminthics) albendazole fenbendazole febantel
236
55. Antiprotozoals - Leishmaniasis
parmomycin (aminoglycoside) (16S) amphotericin B miltefosine Pentavalent antimonials: sodium stibogluconate meglumide antimoniate
237
55. Antiprotozoals - Trypanosomiasis
suramin Aminophenathidium derivatives: homidium bromide + chloride isometamidium Quinapyramine compounds: quinapyramine chloride quinapyramine sulphate ``` Dianidines: diminazine aceturate (not dogs) ```
238
56. Anti-parasitic drugs against worms
Benzimidazoles Imidazothiazoles Tetrahydropyrimidines Piperazines
239
56. Anti-parasitic drugs against worms - Benzimidazoles
Thiazolil benzimidazoles: thiabendazole cambendazole ``` Benzimidazole carbamates: mebendazole oxibendazole albendazole fenbendazole oxfendazole (fenbendazole sulphoxide) ricobendazole (albendazole sulphoxide) ``` Halogenated: flubendazole triclobendazole luxabendazole Probenzimidazoles: febantel-->fenbendazole-->oxfendazole netobimin-->albendazole-->ricobendazole thiophanate-->lobendazole
240
56. Anti-parasitic drugs against worms - Imidazothiazoles - Piperazines
Imidazothiazoles: tetramisole levamisole Piperazines: piperazine (phosphate, adipate, citrate) diethylcarbamazine (citrate)
241
56. Anti-parasitic drugs against worms - Tetrahydropyrimidines
Pyrantel: citrate, tartarate salt: cattle, horses, cats, dogs, pigs pamoate/embonatel salt: horses & dogs Morantel (Ru) Oxantel
242
57. Anti-parasitic drugs against worms
Salicylanilides Substituted phenols Isoquinolin & Benzazepine derivatives Others
243
57. Anti-parasitic drugs against worms - Salicylanilides
``` closantel brotanide rafoxanide (clioxanide) niclosamide oxyclozanide ```
244
57. Anti-parasitic drugs against worms - Substituted phenols
``` rithinol disophenol dichlorophene hexachlorophene nichlofolan menichlofolan nitroxinil diamphenethide nitroscanate ```
245
57. Anti-parasitic drugs against worms - Isoquinolin & Benzazepine derivatives - Others
Isoquinolin & Benzazepine derivatives: praziquantel epsiprantel ``` Others: clorsulon (not lactating dairy cows) bunamide salts emodipsine melarsomine monepantel ```
246
58. Macrocyclic lactones
``` Avermectins: ivermectin (not collies) albamectin (not foals) doramectin eprinomectin selamectin (not food producing) ``` Milbemycins: milbemycin oxime (not food producing) moxidectin
247
59. Ectoparasticides (not endectocides)
``` Organochlorines Organophosphates Carbamates Pyrethrins & Pyrethroids Formamidines (Amidines) Neonicotinyls Spinosyns Phenylpyrazoles Semi carbazone derivatives Isoxazolines Synergists Insect growth regulators ```
248
59. Ectoparasticides (not endectocides) - Organochlorines
Organochlorines: - Chlorinated ethane derivatives: - -DDT - -DDE - -DDD (dicofol, methoxychlor) - Cyclodienes: - -aldrin - -dieldrin - -hepatochlormendrin - -tozaphene
249
59. Ectoparasticides (not endectocides) - Organophosphates
``` azamethiphos coumaphos chlorpyrifos dichlorvos cythioate diazinon trichlorfon haloxon parathion malathion fenthion foxim famphur metriphonate phosmet ``` Inhibitors: atropine pralidoxime
250
59. Ectoparasticides (not endectocides) - Carbamates - Spinosyns - Phenylpyrazoles
Carbamates: carbaryl propoxur Spinosyns: spinosad Phenylpyrazoles: firpronil pyripil
251
59. Ectoparasticides (not endectocides) - Pyrethrins & Pyrethroids
Pyrethrins: pyrethrine jasmoline cinerine ``` Pyrethroids: bioallethrin cyhalothrin cypermethrin deltamethrin fenvalerate flumethrin phenothrin permethrin (not cats) tetramethrin transmix ```
252
59. Ectoparasticides (not endectocides) - Formamidines (Amidines) - Neonicotinyls
Formamidines (Amidines): amitraz Inhibitor: atipamezole Neonicotinyls: - -imidacloprid - Neo-chloro-nicotinyls - -dinotefuran - -nitenpyram
253
59. Ectoparasticides (not endectocides) - Semicarbazone derivatives - Isoxazolines - Synergists
Semicarbazone derivatives: metaflumizine Isoxazolines: fluralanes afoxolanes Synergists: piperonyl butoxide N-octyl bicycloheptene dicarboxamide
254
59. Ectoparasticides (not endectocides) - Insect growth regulators
Juvenile hormone analogues: methoprene pyriproxyfen fenoxycarb Chitin inhibitors: lufenuron diflubenzuron cyromazine
255
60. Antifungal drugs
``` Azoles: -Imidazoles -Triazoles Polyene antibiotics Allylamines Microtubule form inhibitors Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors CW synthesis inhibitors Others ```
256
60. Anti fungal drugs - Azoles
``` Imidazoles: thiobendazole miconazole clotrimazole bufonazole enilconazole ketoconazole ``` ``` Triazoles: itraconazole fluconazole voriconazole posaconazole ```
257
60. Anti fungal drugs - Polyene antibiotics - Allylamines
Polyene antibiotics: natamycin nystatin amophotericin B Allylamines: naftidine terbinafine butenafine
258
60. Anti fungal drugs - Microtubule form inhibitors - Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors - CW synthesis inhibitors
Microtubule form inhibitors: griseofulvin Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors: flucytosine CW synthesis inhibitors: caspofungin micafungin anidulafungin
259
60. Anti fungal drugs - Others
tolnaftate hexachlorophene chlorhexidine benzoic acid Dyes: - fuchsine - resorcine - acriflarine
260
61. (60) Anti viral drugs
Pyrimidine nucleoside analogues: idoxuridin trifluridin zidovudin (azidothymidine, AZT) ``` Purine nucleoside analogues: acyclovir ribavirin gancyclovir vidarabin citarabin amantadine (& rimantadine) interferons (IFNs) ```
261
62. (61) Antineoplastic agents
Inhibitors of thymidylate synthase Inhibitors of purine metabolism Inhibitors of ribonucleotide reductase Purine & Pyrimidine analogues Agents that directly modify DNA structure Topoisomerase inhibitors Agents that inhibit microtubule polymerisation Agents that inhibit microtubule depolymerisation Anticancer agents: hormones & radioactive isotopes
262
62. (61) Antineoplastic agents - Inhibitors of thymidylate synthase - Inhibitors of purine metabolism - Inhibitors of ribonucleotide reductase
Inhibitors of thymidylate synthase: fluorouracil (5-FU) cepecitabine Inhibitors of purine metabolism: 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) azathioprine (prodrug of 6-MP) Inhibitors of ribonucleotide reductase: hydroxylurea
263
62. (61) Antineoplastic agents - Purine & Pyrimidine analogues
Purine analogues: fludarabine phosphate cladribine Pyrimidine analogues: cytarabine (araC) azacytidine
264
62. (61) Antineoplastic agents - Agents that directly modify DNA structure
Alkylating agents: cyclophosphamide nitrosurea mitomycin Platinum compounds: cisplatin carboplatin Bleomycin
265
62. (61) Antineoplastic agents - Topoisomerase inhibitors
Camptothecine (topoisomerase 1): irinotacan topotecan Anthracyclinea (topoisomerase 2): doxorubicin Epipodohyllotoxins (topoisomerase 2): etoposide teniposide Amsacrine (topoisomerase 2)
266
62. (61) Antineoplastic agents - Agents that inhibit microtubule polymerisation - Agents that inhibit microtubule depolymerisation
Agents that inhibit microtubule polymerisation: vinblastine vincristine Agents that inhibit microtubule depolymerisation: paclitaxel
267
62. (61) Antineoplastic agents - Anticancer agents: hormones & radioactive isotopes
Hormones or other antagonists are used in hormone sensitive tumours: glucocorticoids tamoxifen gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogues antiandrogens Radioactive isotopes can be targeted at specific tissues
268
63. (62) Growth promotors (alternatives of antibiotics)
Antibiotic growth promotors Hormonal growth promotors Beta-adrenergic agonists
269
63. (62) Growth promotors (alternatives of antibiotics) - Antibiotic growth promotors
``` Ribosome function inhibitors: avilamycin kitasamycin oleandomycin tylosin virginiamycin ``` Cell wall inhibitors: bacitracin bambermycin ``` Cation disruptors (Ionophores): lasalocid monensin-Na narasin salinomycin ```
270
63. (62) Growth promotors (alternatives of antibiotics) - Hormonal growth promotors
``` Anabolic steroids: 17-beta oestradiol testosterone progesterone zeranol trenbolone acetate MGA (melengestrol acetate) ``` Somatotropin: bovine somatotropin (BST) recombinant bovine growth hormone (rBGH)
271
63. (62) Growth promotors (alternatives of antibiotics) - Beta-adrenergic agonists
ractopamine
272
63. (62) Growth promotors (alternatives of antibiotics) - Alternatives to antibiotic growth promotors
Probiotics and competitive exclusion products Oligosaccharides (prebiotics) Symbiotics Organic acids (formic acid, propionic acid, fumaric acid, citric acid, butyric acid) Enzymes (b-glucanase, xylanase, bromelain) Non-antibiotic rumen modifiers: buffers, bentonite, methane production inhibitors, bloat preventatives Other growth promoting compounds: herbal products, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), heavy metals, antioxidants Management and environmental optimization Genetic selection
273
64. (63) Essential pharmacotherapeutics - E. Coli enteritis
``` Aminoglycosides Cephalosporins Amphenicols Fluoroquinolones Nitrofurans Penicillins Polypeptide antibiotics Sulfonamides Tetracyclines ```
274
64. (63) Essential pharmacotherapeutics - Swine dysentery
Lincomycin Tylosin/Tilmicosin/Tylvasolin Tiamulin Valnemulin
275
65. (64) Essential pharmacotherapeutics - Mycoplasmosis
Tetracyclines: chlortetracycline oxytetracycline doxycycline ``` Macrolides & Lincosamides: erythromycin tylosin tilmicosin tulathromycin lincomycin ``` ``` Fluoroquinolones: enrofloxacin difloxacin danofloxacin marbofloxacin ``` Pleuromutilins: tiamulin valnemulin
276
65. (64) Essential pharmacotherapeutics - Mastitis
Systemic drugs | Intramammary drugs
277
65. (64) Essential pharmacotherapeutics - Mastitis - Systemic drugs
Fluoroquinolones: danofloxacin marbofloxacin Tetracyclines: oxytetracycline Amphenicols: florphenicol Beta-lactams: penethamat ceftiofur-Na cefquinome Anti-inflammatory drugs: - NSAIDs: - flunixin - ketoprofen - Glucocorticoids: - dexamethasone Others: - oxytocin - calcium-gluconate - isotonic saline
278
65. (64) Essential pharmacotherapeutics - Mastitis - Intramammary drugs
Beta-lactams: penicillins cephalosporins Aminoglycosides: dihydrostreptomycin neomycin Macrolides & Lincosamides: erythromycin lincomycin Others: novobiocin colistin
279
10. Benzodiazepines + Antagonists
``` diazepam midazolam zolazepam clonazepam clonazepate ``` Antagonists: flumazenile sarmazenil
280
11. CNS stimulants
Respiratory stimulant Miscellaneous convulsives Psychotomimetic drugs Psychomotor stimulants
281
11. CNS stimulants - Respiratory stimulant - Miscellaneous convulsives
Respiratory stimulant: doxapram Miscellaneous convulsives: strychnine picrotoxin
282
11. CNS stimulants - Psychotomimetic drugs
``` LSD MDMA Mescaline Psilocybin Phenocyclidine ```
283
11. CNS stimulants - Psychomotor stimulants
dexamphetamine methylamphetamine methylphenidate fenfluramine
284
31. Chemotherapy - Classification
Antimicrobial - Antibacterial - Antifungal - Antiviral - Disinfectants (environment) and Antiseptics (skin) Anti-neoplastic Anti-parasitic
285
31. Chemotherapy - Targets
Unique Similar Common
286
31. Chemotherapy - Targets - Unique
Inhibit cell wall: b-lactams glycopeptides bacitracin Attack fungal cell membrane: ergosterol 1. Ergosterol synthesis inhibitors - ketoconazole - itraconazole - miconazole 2. Ergosterol complex formers "Polienes" - amphotericin-B Inhibit folic acid synthesis: -PABA inhibitors >sulphonamides
287
31. Chemotherapy - Targets - Similar
Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors: trimethoprim: more affinity to bacterial methotrexate: affinity equal Protein synthesis inhibitors: 30S: Aminoglycosides 50S: Phenicols
288
31. Chemotherapy - Targets - Common
Primarily anti-neoplastic: intensive cell division -Antimetabolites (5-fluorouracil) Anti-parasitic: cholinergic: kill Ach type action + side effects - levamisole - pyrantel
289
31. Chemotherapy - Antibacterial agents - Mechanism of effect
``` Cell wall synthesis inhibitors Protein synthesis inhibitors RNA synthesis inhibitors Folic acid synthesis inhibitors Topoisomerase inhibitors Damage of DNA with toxic metabolites ```
290
31. Chemotherapy - Antibacterial agents - Mechanism of effect - Cell wall synthesis inhibitors - Protein synthesis inhibitors
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors: b-lactams glycopeptides bacitracin ``` Protein synthesis inhibitors: 30S: aminoglycosides tetracyclines 50S: macrolides lincosamides pleuromutilins phenicols ```
291
31. Chemotherapy - Antibacterial agents - Mechanism of effect - RNA synthesis inhibitors - Folic acid synthesis inhibitors
RNA synthesis inhibitors: rifamycins Folic acid synthesis inhibitors: sulphonamides 2,3 di-aminopyramides (trimethoprim)
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31. Chemotherapy - Antibacterial agents - Mechanism of effect
Topoisomerase inhibitors: fluoroquinolones topoisomerase Damage of DNA with toxic metabolites: nitrofurans ANNEX IV nitroimidazoles ANNEX IV
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31. Chemotherapy - Antibacterial agents
``` Mechanism of effect Types Effectivity Combinations Resistance Transferring resistance ```
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31. Chemotherapy - Antibacterial agents - Types
Natural: Antibiotic penicillin Semi-synthetic: Antibiotic amoxicillin Synthetic: Chemotherapeutic sulphonamides
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31. Chemotherapy - Antibacterial agents - Effectivity
MIC: minimum inhibitory concentration no bacterial growth MPC: mutant prevention concentration no chance of mutation MBC: minimum bactericidal concentration kills bacteria completely
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31. Chemotherapy - Antibacterial agents - Combinations
Synergistic: mutually beneficial penicillins + streptomycin (aminoglycosides) lincomycin + streptomycin (aminoglycosides) Additive: together without inhibition gentamycin + metronidazole Antagonist: erythromycin + chloramphenicol (both 50S)
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31. Chemotherapy - Antibacterial agents - Resistance
Chromosomal: vertically MRSA Plasmid encoded: horizontally + vertically E.coli-->Salmonella (within Enterobacteriaceae)
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31. Chemotherapy - Antibacterial agents - Transferring resistance
Conjugation: sexual organs chromosomal and plasmid Transduction: bacteriophage Transformation: living take up dead bacteria

Pharmacology Final (3 decks)

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