Drug Monographs Flashcards
What is cardiac tamponade?
Compression of the heart by an accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac
What is constrictive pericarditis?
A process where the sac-like covering of the heart (the pericardium) becomes thickened and scarred
What is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
Increased contraction of left ventricle
Thickening of left ventricle
Due to abnormal genes in the heart
What is hypovolaemia?
Decreased volume of circulating blood
What is mitral stenosis?
Narrowing of the mitral valve
What is hypoxaemia?
Abnormally low concentration of oxygen in the blood
What is diathermy?
Surgical technique involving the production of heat in a part of the body by high-frequency electric currents, to stimulate the circulation, relieve pain, destroy unhealthy tissue, or cause bleeding vessels to clot
What is cardioversion?
Cardioversion is a medical procedure by which an abnormally fast heart rate or other cardiac arrhythmia is converted to a normal rhythm using electricity or drugs
What is angle-closure glaucoma?
(Closed-angle glaucoma)
When the iris bulges forward to narrow or block the drainage angle formed by the cornea and iris
Fluid then cannot circulate through the eye and pressure increases
What is asthenia?
Abnormal physical weakness or fatigue
What is angioedema?
Swelling of the deeper layers of the skin
Caused by a build-up of fluid
Symptoms can affect any part of the body, but usually eyes & lips
What is aldosteronism?
Excessive secretion of aldosterone
Disturbs the balance of sodium, potassium, and water in the blood
Leads to high blood pressure
What is agranulocytosis?
Decreases number of circulating granulocytes in the blood
Increased risk of infection
What is aortic stenosis?
Narrowing of the aortic valve opening
What is paraesthesia?
Burning or prickling sensation usually felt in the hands, arms, legs, or feet, but can also occur in other parts of the body
Happens without warning, usually painless
Tingling or numbness, skin crawling, or itching
What is enanthema?
Ulcer or eruption on a mucous-secreting surface
e.g. inside of the mouth
What is gynaecomastia?
Common condition
Causes boys’ and men’s breasts to swell and enlargen
Most common in teenage boys and older men
What is toxic epidermal necrolysis?
Life-threatening skin disorder
Blistering and peeling of the skin
Often caused by a drug reaction – usually antibiotics or anticonvulsives
What is oligohydramnios?
Too little amniotic fluid around the baby during pregnancy
What is a prodrug?
An inactive compound
Metabolised to active form of the drug
Primarily metabolised in the liver
e.g. ramipril
What is cardiogenic shock?
The heart suddenly cannot pump enough blood to meet your body’s needs
Often caused by a severe heart attack
Not everyone who has a heart attack has cardiogenic shock
What is phaeochromocytoma?
Rare tumor of adrenal gland tissue
Releases too much epinephrine and norepinephrine
Affects heart rate, metabolism, and blood pressure
What is Prinzmetal’s angina?
Prinzmetal’s variant angina (PVA)
Recurrent episodes of chest pain (angina) that usually occur when a person is at rest, between midnight and early morning.
“Typical” angina, by contrast, is often triggered by physical exertion or emotional stress
What is sick sinus syndrome?
Inability of the heart’s natural pacemaker (sinus node) to create a heart rate that’s appropriate for the body’s needs
Causes arrhythmias
What is myasthenia gravis?
Chronic neuromuscular disease
Varying degrees of skeletal muscle weakness
Most commonly affected muscles affect: eyes, face, and swallowing
Can cause double vision, drooping eyelids, trouble talking, and trouble walking
What is thyrotoxicosis?
Excess thyroid hormone action at the tissue
Due to high circulating thyroid hormone concentrations
What is hepatic encephalopathy?
Decline in brain function
Result of severe liver disease
Liver cannot remove toxins from your blood
Causes toxin buildup in blood, can lead to brain damage
What is calciphylaxis?
Accumulation of calcium in small blood vessels in fat and skin
What is haemothorax?
Collection of blood in the pleural cavity
