Drug MOAs Flashcards
Metformin
Reduce hepatic glucose output by activating AMP kinase
Tacrolimus
Calcineurin inhibitor which reduces the production of cytokine IL-2
Mycophenolate mofetil
Reduces the proliferation of lymphoctyes
1st gen antipsychotics, e.g. haloperidol, prochlorperazine
Block post-synaptic D2 dopamine receptors
SABA
B2 agonist that stimulates GPCR which activates a signalling cascade that leads to smooth muscle relaxation in bronchi
Anti-muscarinic agents, e.g., ipratropium
Bind to muscarinic receptors and acts a competitive inhibitor of ACh -> reduces smooth muscle tone
Corticosteroids
Upregulate anti-inflammatory agents and down-regulate pro-inflammatory agents
Calcium acetate
Phosphate binder that binds to dietary phosphate in the gut and prevents it from being absorbed
Calcium resonium
Exchanges with H ions in the stomach, then exchanges with potassium ions in the intestine to excrete the potassium compound in the faeces
Sodium bicarbonate
Controls to the acid-base balance of the body
Statins
Reduce levels of LDL-C in the blood. Inhibit HMG CoA reductase enzyme, which is required for cholesterol synthesis.
Nitrates
Nitrate oxide donor. Nitric oxide causes relaxation of vascular smooth muscle via the stimulation of guanylyl cyclase and the subsequent increase of intracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate.
Benxodiazepines
Facilitate binding of GABA to the receptor
Omeprazole
Proton pump inhibitor. Suppresses stomach acid secretion by specific inhibition of the H+/K+ATPase system of gastric parietal cells. Binds non-comeptitively, so has a dose dependent effect.
Linezolid
Reversible, non-selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase.
Loop diuretics, e.g. furosemide, bumetanide
Act on ascending limb of loop of Henle, inhibit the Na+/K+/Cl2- transport, preventing transport of these ions from the tubular lumen to epithelial cells. Water cannot follow by osmosis. Pts will need to pass urine more frequently.
Thiazide-like diuretics, e.g. bendroflumethiazide, indapamide
Inhibit the Na+/Cl- co-transporter in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron, inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and its osmotically associated water.
ACEi
Prevents the conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2 - angiotensin 2 causes contraction of arteries
Beta-blockers
Via the B1-receptor, B-blockers reduce the force of contraction and speed of conduction in the heart.
Eplerenone/Spironalactone
Aldosterone antagonist that competitively inhibits the effect of aldosterone by binding to the aldosterone receptor. This increases sodium and water excretion and potassium retention.
Sulfonylureas, e.g. gliclazide
Stimulate insulin production by blocking ATP-dependent K+ channels in pancreas which opens voltage-gated calcium channels. Increases intracellular calcium concentrations which stimulates insulin secretion.
Insulin
Stimulates glucose uptake from the circulation into tissues. Inhibits gluconeogenesis. Stimulates glycogen synthesis.
