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Drug MOA Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mechanism of increased uric acid in cancer patients?

A

Tumor Lysis Syndrome.
- tumor intracellular components like Ca+, K+, Phos+, and nucleic acids spill out
- purines from the nucleic acids get converted into uric acid by xanthine oxidase

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2
Q

Neupogen

A

Filgrastim
Colony Stimulating Factor will stimulate production of WBC to treat neutropenia

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3
Q

Neulasta

A

Pegfilgrastim
Colony Stimulating Factor will stimulate production of WBC to treat neutropenia

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4
Q

Emend

A

Aprepitant (PO)
Fosaprepitant (IV)

Substance P / Neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist thid mechanism augments the antimetic activity of both 5-ht-3 RA and corticosteroids

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5
Q

Zuplenz film

A

Ondansetron
5-HT-3 RA that blocks serotonin both on peripheral vagal nerves and central chemoreceptor trigger zone

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6
Q

Sancuso

A

Granisetron
5-HT-3 RA that blocks serotonin both on peripheral vagal nerves and central chemoreceptor trigger zone

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7
Q

Aloxi

A

Palonosetron
5-HT-3 RA that blocks serotonin both on peripheral vagal nerves and central chemoreceptor trigger zone

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8
Q

Decadron

A

Dexamethasone
Corticosteroid for CINV

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9
Q

Compazine

A

Prochlorperazine
DA receptor antagonist that blocks DA in CNS that is a part of the chemo trigger zone

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10
Q

Phenergan

A

Promethazine
DA receptor antagonist that blocks DA in CNS that is a part of the chemo trigger zone

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11
Q

Reglan

A

Metoclopramide
DA receptor antagonist that blocks DA in CNS that is a part of the chemo trigger zone

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12
Q

Zyprexa

A

Olanzapine
DA receptor antagonist that blocks DA in CNS that is a part of the chemo trigger zone

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13
Q

Marinol

A

Dronabinol
activating cannabinoid receptors in the CNS and inhibiting the vomiting control in the medulla oblongata

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14
Q

Ativan

A

Lorazepam
enhances GABA (an inhibitor neurotransmitter) to decrease neuronal excitability that will suppress anticipatory N/V

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15
Q

Miacalcin

A

Calcitonin
inhibits bone resorption
(for moderate to severe Hypercalcemia)

Ca > 12 mg/dL

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16
Q

Zometa

A

Zoledronic acid IV 4 mg (may repeat dose in 7 days)
Bisphosphonate that blocks osteoclast mediated bone breakdown

Osteoporosis brand = Reclast dosed at 5 mg yearly

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17
Q

Xgeva

A

Denosumab 120 mg SC x3 for 1st month, then monthly

monoclonal antibody that blocks interaction between RANKL and RANK to prevent osteoclast formation

for moderate to severe hypercalcemia (Ca > 12 mg/dL)

Osteoporosis brand name is Prolia 60 mg SC every 6 months

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18
Q

Tamoxifen

A

Selective-Estrogen Receptor Modulator for ER+/PR+ breast cancers

binds to estrogen receptors on tumors to prevent growth from estrogen binding and feeding the tumor

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19
Q

Raloxifene

A

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator used for prophylaxis in select post-menopausal women

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20
Q

Fulvestrant

A

Selective Estrogen Receptor Degrader that causes the estrogen receptors to downregulate and degrade

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21
Q

Arimidex

A

Anastrozole
Aromatase inhibitor that treats postmenopausal breast cancer by blocking the peripheral conversion of of androgens to estrogens

***does not block ovarian estrogen production!

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22
Q

Letrozole

A

Aromatase inhibitor that treats postmenopausal breast cancer by blocking the peripheral conversion of of androgens to estrogens

***does not block ovarian estrogen production!

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23
Q

Trastuzumab

A

Herceptin
binds to HER2 (oncogene) to block the dimerization to block the amplified cell growth

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24
Q

Lupron Depot

A

Leuprolide
GnRH Agonist or LH agonist that initially increase LH to increase testosterone but eventually will create a negative feedback loop to decrese testosterone production

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25
Zoladex
Gosrelin GnRH Agonist or LH agonist that initially increase LH to increase testosterone but eventually will create a negative feedback loop to decrese testosterone production
26
Degarelix
GnRH Antagonist causing a rapid decrease in testosterone production
27
Relugolix
GnRH Antagonist causing a rapid decrease in testosterone production
28
Bicalutamide
Antiandrogens 1st gen MUST be used with GnRH competivitely blocks testosterone Bi Ni Flu
29
Nilutamide
Antiandrogens 1st gen MUST be used with GnRH competivitely blocks testosterone Bi Ni Flu
30
Flutamide
Antiandrogens 1st gen MUST be used with GnRH competivitely blocks testosterone Bi Ni Flu
31
Apalutamide
Antiandrogen 2nd gen do not cause upregulation of androgren receptors can be used as single treatment 2AED
32
Darolutamide
Antiandrogen 2nd gen do not cause upregulation of androgren receptors can be used as single treatment 2AED
33
Enzalutamide
Antiandrogen 2nd gen do not cause upregulation of androgren receptors can be used as single treatment 2AED
34
Taxanes (Paclitaxel, Docetaxel)
Block M-phase (mitosis) of cell cycle
35
Vinca Alkaloids (Vincristine, Vinblastine)
Block M-phase (mitosis) of cell cycle
36
Asparaginase
Block G1 (making of DNA/RNA/proteins) of cell cycle
37
Antimetabolites (Methotrexate, Fluoroucil, Capecitabine)
Block S phase (replication) of cell cycle AT in replicATe
38
Topoisomerase 1 inhibitors (Irinotecan, Topotecan)
Block S phase (replication) of cell cycle AT in replicATe
39
Topoisomerase 2 inhibitors (bleomycin, etopodise)
block DNA coiling and uncoiling causing the DNA to break in G2 phase (growth of DNA)
40
Alkylating Agents (cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide)
independent of cell cycle
41
Anthracyclines (Doxorubicin, Mitoxantrone)
independent of cell cycle
42
Platinium Compounds (Cisplatin, Carboplatin)
independing of cell cycle
43
Cyclophosphamide
Alkalyating agent that is independent of cell cycle that cross-link DNA strands to inhibit proteina and DNA synthesis ***hemorrhagic cystitis
44
Ifosamide
Alkalyating agent that is independent of the cell cycle that cross-links DNA strands to inhibit protein and DNA synthesis ***hemorrhagic cystitis = Mesna
45
Carmustine
Alkalyating agent that is independent of the cell cycle that cross links DNA ***pulmonary toxicity
46
Busulfan
Alkalyating agent that is independent of the cell cycle that cross links DNA ***pulmonary toxicity
47
Cisplatin
Platinum Compounds bind and cross link DNA strands in all cell cycle
48
Oxaliplatin
Platinum Compound bind and crosslink DNA strans in all cell cycle
49
Carboplatin
Platinum Compound bind and crosslink DNA strands in all cell cycle
50
Doxorubicin
Anthracycline that intercalates into DNA and inhibits Topo 2 and creates oxygen free radicals that damage cells **administer with Dexrazoxane to diminish cardiotoxicity
51
Mitoxantrone
Anthracycline that intercalates into DNA and inhibits Topo 2 and creates oxygen free radicals that damage cells **administer wiht Dexrazoxane to diminish cardiotoxicity
52
Irinotecan
Topo 1 inhibitor blocking phase S (replication) coiling and uncoiling of DS DNA. This prevents religation of the DS DNA SE: DIARRHEA and myleosuppresion
53
Bleomycin
Topo 2 inhibitor blocking phase G2 coiling and uncoiling of DS DNA to prevent religation of the DS DNA SE: Pulmonary fibrosis Hypersensitivity rxn
54
Vincristine
Vinca Alkaloid that blocks the MICROTUBULES during M phase SE: neuropathy vesicant constipation
55
Vinblastine
Vinca Alkaloid that blcks MICROTUBULES during M phase SE: myleosuppression neuropathy vesicant
56
Paclitaxel
Taxane that inhibit microtubule function in M phase SE: neuropathy hypersensitivity rxn myelosuppression
57
Docetaxil
Taxane that inhibit microtubule function in phase SE: neuropathy hypersensitivity rxn myelosuppression
58
Fluorouracil
inhibit pyrimidine synthesis by acting as uracil incorporating itself into RNA to inhibit cell growth and replication in S phase SE: myleosuppression, diarrhea, mucositis, hand foot syndrome **look for DPD deficiency
59
Capecitabine
Prodrug of Fluorouracil inhibit pyrimidine synthesis by acting as uracil incorporating itself into RNA to inhibit cell growth and replication in S phase SE: hand-foot syndrome diarrhea mucosistis myelosuppression **look for DPD deficiency
60
Trexall
Methotrexate Folate antimetabolite that blocks pyrine and pyrimidine biosynthesis during the S phase SE: Myelosuppression, heptotoxocity, nephrotoxicity, GI toxicity (mucositis), Teratogenicity

Oncology (3 decks)

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