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Oncology > Drug MOA > Flashcards

Drug MOA Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mechanism of increased uric acid in cancer patients?

A

Tumor Lysis Syndrome.
- tumor intracellular components like Ca+, K+, Phos+, and nucleic acids spill out
- purines from the nucleic acids get converted into uric acid by xanthine oxidase

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2
Q

Neupogen

A

Filgrastim
Colony Stimulating Factor will stimulate production of WBC to treat neutropenia

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3
Q

Neulasta

A

Pegfilgrastim
Colony Stimulating Factor will stimulate production of WBC to treat neutropenia

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4
Q

Emend

A

Aprepitant (PO)
Fosaprepitant (IV)

Substance P / Neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist thid mechanism augments the antimetic activity of both 5-ht-3 RA and corticosteroids

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5
Q

Zuplenz film

A

Ondansetron
5-HT-3 RA that blocks serotonin both on peripheral vagal nerves and central chemoreceptor trigger zone

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6
Q

Sancuso

A

Granisetron
5-HT-3 RA that blocks serotonin both on peripheral vagal nerves and central chemoreceptor trigger zone

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7
Q

Aloxi

A

Palonosetron
5-HT-3 RA that blocks serotonin both on peripheral vagal nerves and central chemoreceptor trigger zone

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8
Q

Decadron

A

Dexamethasone
Corticosteroid for CINV

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9
Q

Compazine

A

Prochlorperazine
DA receptor antagonist that blocks DA in CNS that is a part of the chemo trigger zone

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10
Q

Phenergan

A

Promethazine
DA receptor antagonist that blocks DA in CNS that is a part of the chemo trigger zone

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11
Q

Reglan

A

Metoclopramide
DA receptor antagonist that blocks DA in CNS that is a part of the chemo trigger zone

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12
Q

Zyprexa

A

Olanzapine
DA receptor antagonist that blocks DA in CNS that is a part of the chemo trigger zone

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13
Q

Marinol

A

Dronabinol
activating cannabinoid receptors in the CNS and inhibiting the vomiting control in the medulla oblongata

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14
Q

Ativan

A

Lorazepam
enhances GABA (an inhibitor neurotransmitter) to decrease neuronal excitability that will suppress anticipatory N/V

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15
Q

Miacalcin

A

Calcitonin
inhibits bone resorption
(for moderate to severe Hypercalcemia)

Ca > 12 mg/dL

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16
Q

Zometa

A

Zoledronic acid IV 4 mg (may repeat dose in 7 days)
Bisphosphonate that blocks osteoclast mediated bone breakdown

Osteoporosis brand = Reclast dosed at 5 mg yearly

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17
Q

Xgeva

A

Denosumab 120 mg SC x3 for 1st month, then monthly

monoclonal antibody that blocks interaction between RANKL and RANK to prevent osteoclast formation

for moderate to severe hypercalcemia (Ca > 12 mg/dL)

Osteoporosis brand name is Prolia 60 mg SC every 6 months

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18
Q

Tamoxifen

A

Selective-Estrogen Receptor Modulator for ER+/PR+ breast cancers

binds to estrogen receptors on tumors to prevent growth from estrogen binding and feeding the tumor

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19
Q

Raloxifene

A

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator used for prophylaxis in select post-menopausal women

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20
Q

Fulvestrant

A

Selective Estrogen Receptor Degrader that causes the estrogen receptors to downregulate and degrade

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21
Q

Arimidex

A

Anastrozole
Aromatase inhibitor that treats postmenopausal breast cancer by blocking the peripheral conversion of of androgens to estrogens

***does not block ovarian estrogen production!

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22
Q

Letrozole

A

Aromatase inhibitor that treats postmenopausal breast cancer by blocking the peripheral conversion of of androgens to estrogens

***does not block ovarian estrogen production!

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23
Q

Trastuzumab

A

Herceptin
binds to HER2 (oncogene) to block the dimerization to block the amplified cell growth

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24
Q

Lupron Depot

A

Leuprolide
GnRH Agonist or LH agonist that initially increase LH to increase testosterone but eventually will create a negative feedback loop to decrese testosterone production

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25
Q

Zoladex

A

Gosrelin
GnRH Agonist or LH agonist that initially increase LH to increase testosterone but eventually will create a negative feedback loop to decrese testosterone production

26
Q

Degarelix

A

GnRH Antagonist causing a rapid decrease in testosterone production

27
Q

Relugolix

A

GnRH Antagonist causing a rapid decrease in testosterone production

28
Q

Bicalutamide

A

Antiandrogens 1st gen
MUST be used with GnRH
competivitely blocks testosterone
Bi Ni Flu

29
Q

Nilutamide

A

Antiandrogens 1st gen
MUST be used with GnRH
competivitely blocks testosterone
Bi Ni Flu

30
Q

Flutamide

A

Antiandrogens 1st gen
MUST be used with GnRH
competivitely blocks testosterone
Bi Ni Flu

31
Q

Apalutamide

A

Antiandrogen 2nd gen
do not cause upregulation of androgren receptors can be used as single treatment
2AED

32
Q

Darolutamide

A

Antiandrogen 2nd gen
do not cause upregulation of androgren receptors can be used as single treatment
2AED

33
Q

Enzalutamide

A

Antiandrogen 2nd gen
do not cause upregulation of androgren receptors can be used as single treatment
2AED

34
Q

Taxanes (Paclitaxel, Docetaxel)

A

Block M-phase (mitosis) of cell cycle

35
Q

Vinca Alkaloids (Vincristine, Vinblastine)

A

Block M-phase (mitosis) of cell cycle

36
Q

Asparaginase

A

Block G1 (making of DNA/RNA/proteins) of cell cycle

37
Q

Antimetabolites (Methotrexate, Fluoroucil, Capecitabine)

A

Block S phase (replication) of cell cycle

AT in replicATe

38
Q

Topoisomerase 1 inhibitors (Irinotecan, Topotecan)

A

Block S phase (replication) of cell cycle

AT in replicATe

39
Q

Topoisomerase 2 inhibitors (bleomycin, etopodise)

A

block DNA coiling and uncoiling causing the DNA to break in G2 phase (growth of DNA)

40
Q

Alkylating Agents (cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide)

A

independent of cell cycle

41
Q

Anthracyclines (Doxorubicin, Mitoxantrone)

A

independent of cell cycle

42
Q

Platinium Compounds (Cisplatin, Carboplatin)

A

independing of cell cycle

43
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A

Alkalyating agent that is independent of cell cycle that cross-link DNA strands to inhibit proteina and DNA synthesis

***hemorrhagic cystitis

44
Q

Ifosamide

A

Alkalyating agent that is independent of the cell cycle that cross-links DNA strands to inhibit protein and DNA synthesis

***hemorrhagic cystitis = Mesna

45
Q

Carmustine

A

Alkalyating agent that is independent of the cell cycle that cross links DNA
***pulmonary toxicity

46
Q

Busulfan

A

Alkalyating agent that is independent of the cell cycle that cross links DNA
***pulmonary toxicity

47
Q

Cisplatin

A

Platinum Compounds bind and cross link DNA strands in all cell cycle

48
Q

Oxaliplatin

A

Platinum Compound bind and crosslink DNA strans in all cell cycle

49
Q

Carboplatin

A

Platinum Compound bind and crosslink DNA strands in all cell cycle

50
Q

Doxorubicin

A

Anthracycline that intercalates into DNA and inhibits Topo 2 and creates oxygen free radicals that damage cells

**administer with Dexrazoxane to diminish cardiotoxicity

51
Q

Mitoxantrone

A

Anthracycline that intercalates into DNA and inhibits Topo 2 and creates oxygen free radicals that damage cells

**administer wiht Dexrazoxane to diminish cardiotoxicity

52
Q

Irinotecan

A

Topo 1 inhibitor blocking phase S (replication) coiling and uncoiling of DS DNA. This prevents religation of the DS DNA

SE: DIARRHEA and myleosuppresion

53
Q

Bleomycin

A

Topo 2 inhibitor blocking phase G2 coiling and uncoiling of DS DNA to prevent religation of the DS DNA

SE: Pulmonary fibrosis
Hypersensitivity rxn

54
Q

Vincristine

A

Vinca Alkaloid that blocks the MICROTUBULES during M phase

SE: neuropathy
vesicant
constipation

55
Q

Vinblastine

A

Vinca Alkaloid that blcks MICROTUBULES during M phase

SE: myleosuppression
neuropathy
vesicant

56
Q

Paclitaxel

A

Taxane that inhibit microtubule function in M phase

SE: neuropathy
hypersensitivity rxn
myelosuppression

57
Q

Docetaxil

A

Taxane that inhibit microtubule function in phase

SE: neuropathy
hypersensitivity rxn
myelosuppression

58
Q

Fluorouracil

A

inhibit pyrimidine synthesis by acting as uracil incorporating itself into RNA to inhibit cell growth and replication in S phase

SE: myleosuppression, diarrhea, mucositis, hand foot syndrome

**look for DPD deficiency

59
Q

Capecitabine

A

Prodrug of Fluorouracil

inhibit pyrimidine synthesis by acting as uracil incorporating itself into RNA to inhibit cell growth and replication in S phase

SE: hand-foot syndrome
diarrhea
mucosistis
myelosuppression

**look for DPD deficiency

60
Q

Trexall

A

Methotrexate
Folate antimetabolite that blocks pyrine and pyrimidine biosynthesis during the S phase

SE: Myelosuppression, heptotoxocity, nephrotoxicity, GI toxicity (mucositis), Teratogenicity

Oncology (3 decks)

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