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Paramedic > Drug MOA > Flashcards

Drug MOA Flashcards

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1
Q

Ondasentron(zofran)

A

Inhibit the binding of the Serotonin(neurotransmitter) to 5HT3 receptor which is responsible for emesis.

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2
Q

Lorazepam(Ativan)

A

Anticonvulsant and sedative effects. INCREASES GABA effectiveness. SUPPRESSES propagation of seizure activity produced by Foci in cortex, thalamus and limbic areas.INHIBITS episodic memory and repetition priming memory.

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3
Q

Midazolam(versed)

A

Anxiolytic(inhibits anxiety) and sedative properties similar to other benzodiazepines. Memory impairment.

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4
Q

Atropine sulfate

A

INCREASES HR in life threatening BRADYSRHYTHMIAS. Blocks muscarinic cholinergic receptors results in removed parasympathetic effect allowing the SA node to fire FASTER.

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5
Q

Nitroglycerin(Nitrostat, tridil)

A

Prodrug: metabolized in body to active drug NO smooth muscle relaxant acting on vascular, bronchial, uterine, and intestinal smooth muscle. DILATION of arterioles and veins in the periphery. REDUCES preload and afterload. DECREASES the workload of the heart. DECREASES myocardial oxygen demand.

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6
Q

Dopamine(Inotropin)

A

Immediate metabolic precursor to Norepinephrine. INCREASES systemic vascular resistance. DILATES renal and splanchnic vasculature. INCREASES myocardial contractility. INCREASES stroke volume.

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7
Q

Glucagon

A

INCREASES blood glucose by hydrolyzing glycogen stores. Unk. Mech. Of stabilizing cardiac rhythm in beta-blocker OD. BYPASSES beta-adrenergic receptors. Minimal positive inotrope and chronotrophy.

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8
Q

Atrovent(Ipratropium Bromide)

A

Derivative of Atropine. BLOCKS the action of acetylcholine at the parasympathetic sites(muscarinic) in bronchial smooth muscle causing bronchodilation.

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9
Q

Magnesium sulfate (MgSo4)

A

CALCIUM channel ANTAGONIST. Manages seizures in toxemia of pregnancy. INDUCES uterine relaxation. Can cause bronchodilation AFTER beta-agonists and Anticholinergics have been used.

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10
Q

Lidocaine HCL(2%)

A

DECREASES automaticity by SLOWING the rate of spontaneous phase 4 depolarization

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11
Q

Fentanyl(Sublimase)

A

BINDS to and INHIBITS the action of nociceptors which deliver sensation of pain to the spinal cord and brain. At the same time INHIBITS the nociceptor pathway to the limbic system so NO emotional response to pain.

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12
Q

Procainamide(Pronestyl)

A

SUPPRESSES phase 0 depolarization in normal ventricular muscle and purkinje fibers. REDUCING automaticity of ectopic pacemakers. SUPPRESSES reentry dysrhythmias by SLOWING intraventricular conduction.

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13
Q

Epinephrine(Adrenaline)

A

Direct acting ALPHA and BETA agonist.
ALPHA- bronchial, cutaneous, renal and visceral arteriolar vasoconstriction.
BETA1- positive inotropic and chronotropic actions, INCREASES automaticity.
BETA2-bronchial smooth muscle RELAXATION AND DILATION of skeletal vasculature. BLOCKS histamine release. Hydrolyses glycogen stores to INCREASE blood sugar.

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14
Q

Amiodarone(Cordarone)

A

BLOCKS K+ rectifying repolarizing currents responsible for phase 3 depolarization which prolongs refractory period. On Ca++, na+ channels and beta adrenergic receptors: INHIBITION resulting in DELAYED automaticity (SA) and current speed(AV).

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15
Q

Adenosine(Adenocard)

A

SLOWS conduction time through the AV node. SLOWS heart rate. Is drug of choice for PSVT. BLOCKS A1receptor on SA and AV nodes. Blocked SA A1 reduces calcium influx(neg chronotropic). Blocked AV A1 Reduces current flow(neg dromotropic).

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16
Q

Diazepam(Valium)

A

INCREASES the effectiveness of GABA. RAISES seizure threshold. INDUCES amnesia & sedation. INHIBITS episodic memory.

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17
Q

Diphenhydramine

A

HI receptor antagonist. PREVENTS the binding of histamine which causes VASODILATION and INCREASED mucus production as well as bronchonstriction. Has some antiemetic properties and can block FAST-sodium channels so can be used as anestetic.

18
Q

Albuterol(Proventil, Ventolin)

A

Selective Beta-2 antagonist which stimulates adrenergic receptors of the Sympathomimetic nervous system resulting in smooth muscle relaxation in the bronchial tree(nebulized form). Stimulates Na+/K+ pump which REDUCES serum K+ levels.

19
Q

Diltiazem HCL(Cardizem)

A

BLOCK influx of CALCIUM ions into cardia muscle. PREVENTS spasm of coronary arteries. Arterial and venous vasodilator. REDUCES preload and afterload. REDUCES myocardial oxygen demand.

20
Q

Dextrose

A

Rapidly INCREASES serum glucose levels. Short-term osmotic diuresis.

21
Q

Metyhlprednisolone(Solu-medrol)

A

Synthetic steroid that SUPPRESSES acute and chronic inflammation. Potentiates vascular smooth muscle RELAXATION by beta-adrenergic agonists.

22
Q

Aspirin(Acetylsalicylic acid-ASA)

A

Cyclooxygenase(COX) ENZYME: produces prostaglandins and thromboxane. Pain relief: inhibits the production of prostaglandins by inhibiting COX enzyme. Inhibiting blood clotting: ASA inhibits Thromboxane(lipid) by inhibiting COX enzymes resulting in decreased platelet aggregation.

23
Q

Nitropaste(Nitro-Bid, nitroglycerin ointment)

A

Smooth muscle relaxant acting on vascular, bronchial, uterine and intestinal smooth muscle. Dilation of arterioles and veins in the periphery. Reduces preload and afterload. Decreases the workload of the heart. Decreases myocardial oxygen demand.

24
Q

Thiamine

A

Combines w/ ATP to form thiamine pyrophosphate coenzyme, a necessary component for carbohydrate metabolism. The brain is extremely sensitive to thiamine deficiency.

25
Q

Haloperidol(haldol)

A

Acts on CNS depress subcortical areas, mid-brain, and ascending recticular activating system(sedates pt.)

26
Q

Tranexamic acid(TXA)

A

Synthetic amino acid(Lysine). Binds to lysine receptor sites on plasminogen. This inhibits the conversion of plasminogen into plasmin. Preventing fibrin degradation and preserving the fibrin network.

27
Q

Streptokinase(streptase)

A

Combines w/ plasminogen to produce an activator complex that converts free plasminogen to the proteolytic enzyme plasmin. Plasmin degrades fibrin threads as well as fibrinogen, causing clot lysis.

28
Q

Hydrocortisone sodium succinate(Solu-cortef)

A

Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive w/ salt retaining actions.

29
Q

Epinephrine racemic(micronefrin, Vaponefrin)

A

Stimulates beta-2 receptors in the lungs: bronchodilation w/ relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles. Reduces airway resistance. Constricts pre-capillary arterioles which reduces hydrostatic force and laryngeal mucosal edema. Inhibits histamine release.

30
Q

Furosemide(Lasix)

A

Inhibits electrolyte Na+, K+, Cl-cotransport in ascending nephron loop. Promotes excretion of: sodium, potassium, and chloride.

31
Q

Metoprolol(Lopressor, Toprol-XL)

A

Selective inhibitor of beta1-adrenergic receptors; completely blocks beta1 receptors, w/ little or no effect on beta2 receptors at doses <100.

32
Q

Succinycholine(Anectine)

A

Bind to the receptors for acetylcholine.

33
Q

Nifedipine(procardia, Adalat)

A

Inhibits movement of calcium ions across cell membranes, specific to Ca++ movement in contractile cells(L type channels), decreases coronary vasospasm, relaxes vascular smooth muscle to cause vasodilation. Decreases afterload and preload, coronary vasodilation, decreases platelet aggregation, decreases automaticity, decreases 02 demand. NO EFFECT ON CONDUCTION.

34
Q

Morphine sulfate

A

Binds to opioid receptors that causes the blocking of nerve signals from nociceptors to the spinal cord. Like other opioids, morphine inhibits negative emotional response to pain and stimulates feeling of pleasure.

35
Q

Ketamine

A

Blocks the N-methyl-D-asparate(NM,DA) receptor on sensory neurons in dorsal horns(spinal cord). Inhibits somatosensory processing of somatic pain. Dissociation effects resemble schizophrenia. Causes amnesia.

36
Q

Calcium chloride(calcium gluconate)

A

Increases cardiac contractile state(positive inotropic effect), may enhance ventricular automaticity.

37
Q

Vecuronium(norcuron)

A

Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent, blocks nicotinic receptors. Paralytic.

38
Q

Ketorolac tromethamie(toradol)

A

Inhibits COX(Cyclogenase) enzyme which is responsible for converting arachidonic acid into prostaglandin.

39
Q

Sodium bicarbonate 8.4%

A

Reacts w/ hydrogen ions to form water and carbon dioxide there by acting as a buffer for metabolic acidosis.

40
Q

Norepinephrine(Levophed Levarterenol)

A

Potent alpha agonist resulting in intense vasoconstriction; positive chronotrope and increased inotrope(from 10% beta effects) w/ increased cardiac output.

41
Q

Naloxone(Narcan)

A

Competitive inhibition at narcotic receptor sites. Reverse respiratory depression secondary to depressant drugs. Completely inhibits the effect of opioids.

Paramedic (2 decks)

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