Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Pharmacology > Drug metabolism > Flashcards

Drug metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Why is biotransformation important

A 
Major route of elimination
Often activate/inactivate drugs
May produce toxic products
Patient variability
Drug interactions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Two main phases of drug biotransformation

A

Phase one e.g. oxidise

Phase two e.g. conjugation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the major phase one enzymes

A

Cytochrome (P450)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the major phase 2 enzymes

A

Transferases

  • glucuronyl
  • Sulphate
  • Acetate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Approx how many drugs are metabolised by CYP enzymes

A

Over 70%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where are CYP enzymes found

A

Gut wall

Liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the heme molecule for in the cytochrome enzyme

A

Oxidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

CYP 1,2,3

A

Medicines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

CYP 4-8

A

Fatty acids, prostaglandins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

CYP 7-27

A

Steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Definition of marker drug

A

It is extensively metabolised by a particular enzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

CYP1A2

Marker drug, clinically relevant drugs, drug interactions, ethnicity

A

-Theophylline
-Bronchodilator (theophylline)
-Tobacco, green veggies, BBQ (inducing)
Cimetidine, a drug used to treat reflux (inhibitor)
-no ethnic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

CYP2E1

Marker drug, clinically relevant drugs, drug interactions, ethnicity

A
  • Ethanol
  • Analgesic paracetamol (CYP2E1 produces NAPQ1 a metabolite)
  • Ethanol (inducer of CYP2E1 so more NAPQ1)
  • No ethnicity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

CYP2C9

Marker drug, clinically relevant drugs, adverse event risk, ethnicity

A
  • s-Warfarin
  • Anti-coagulants
  • Increased bleeding risk if you have lower CYP2C9 activity
  • Ethnicity caucasian (25%), Asian (1%)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

CYP2C19

Marker drug, clinically relevant drugs, therapeutic benefits, ethnicity

A
  • s-mephenytoin
  • omeprazole
  • Better cure of GORD if poor metabolizer
  • Asians 20% have low clearance (low CYP2C19) so better clinically. 4% caucasions
  • Some people have SNIP causing extensive metabolizers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

CYP2D6

Marker drug, clinically relevant drugs, drug interactions, ethnicity

A
  • Debrisoquine
  • Tricyclic antidepressents, beta blockers, prodrug analgesiscs (tramadol, codeine)
  • Fluoxetine (prozac), quinidine (inhibitor)
  • Ethnicity with low clearance caucasian 7%, Asian 1%
17
Q

What could cause seretonergic sysndrome

A

Using tricyclic antidepressant and prozac both inhibit each others metabolism both build up cause excessive seretonin

18
Q

CyP3A4

Marker drug, clinically relevant drugs, drug interactions, ethnicity

A
  • simvastatin
  • 70% of all drugs metabolised by CYP enzymes, simvistatin, protease inhibitors (HIV treatment), immunosuppressant (cyclosporine)
  • Grapefruit juice (inhibitor), St Johns wort (inducer)

Clinical Pharmacology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions