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Pharm Exam 8 > Drug Mechanisms > Flashcards

Drug Mechanisms Flashcards

1
Q

Beta-lactam antibiotic MOA

A

inhibition of transpeptidase

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2
Q

Causes acute allergic interstitial nephritis

A

Methicillin

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3
Q

Bulky R groups

A

Anti-Staph Penicillin

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4
Q

Nono-allergic skin rash

A

amoxicillin ampicillin

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5
Q

Not affected by food absorption

A

Amoxicillin

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6
Q

Ticarcillin SE

A

Excessive Na+ - problematic for CHF pts

Prolonged bleeding time

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7
Q

Rapidly broken down by dehydropeptidases found in the renal tubule - Cilastatin inhibits this enzyme

A

Imipenem

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8
Q

Cefazolin SE

A

EtOH Intolerance, Bleeding Disorder

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9
Q

Prophylaxis for surgery to prevent S. aureus infection

A

Cefazolin

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10
Q

Chloramphenicol MOA

A

binds the 50S Subunit, blocks peptidyltransferase binding

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11
Q

Chloramphenicol resistance is d/t

A

acetyltransferase production

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12
Q

Gray Baby Syndrome

A

Chloramphenicol

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13
Q

Drug of choice for Mycoplasma pneumonia (or Tetracycline), Legionella pneumonia

A

Macrolide

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14
Q

Macrolide MOA

A

Reversibly binds 50S Subunit & prevents translocation & polypeptide chain growth

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15
Q

tissue concentrations exceed plasma by 10-100X - DO NOT USE FOR BACTEREMIA

A

Azithromycin

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16
Q

MAC in AIDS pts

A

Clarithromycin

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17
Q

Absorption decreased by Ca and antacids

A

Tetracycline

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18
Q

Tetracycline SE

A

Drug-Ca Complex: Tooth discoloration, Bone deformities or growth inhibition;
Fanconi Syndrome: renal damage d/t renal acidosis; Sensitivity to Sunlight

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19
Q

Tetracycline MOA

A

binding the 30S Subunit & blocking aa-tRNA binding

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20
Q

Aminoglycoside MOA

A

irreversibly bind 30S Subunit, causing: inhibition of protein synthesis, ribosome disassembly, misreading of mRNA & mutant protein production

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21
Q

Aminoglycoside SE

A

Ototoxicity, Nephrotoxicity, Neuromuscular block

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22
Q

Sulfonamide MOA

A

Competitive inhibition of Dihydropteroate Synthase (converts PABA to Dihydropteroic Acid)

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23
Q

Trimethoprim MOA

A

Inhibits bacterial Dihydrofolate reductase

converts dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate

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24
Q

burns/burn management

Opthalmological ointments for conjunctivitis & Chlamydia trachomatis

A

Sulfonamide

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25
Q

Fluoroquinolone MOA

A

target DNA gyrase & DNA topoisomerase IV to prevent supercoiling

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26
Q

Sulfonamide SE

A

Crystaluria (drink fluids), Hemolytic anemia in pts w/ G6PD deficiency, Bone dyscrasias, Anemia in pts w/ AIDS or cancer

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27
Q

Kernicterus

A

Sulfonamide SE

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28
Q

Cartilage Damage: blackbox warning,

A

Fluoroquinolone

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29
Q

Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding the D-ala-D-ala peptidoglycan pentapeptide, inhibiting formation of peptidoglycan

A

Vancomycin MOA

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30
Q

Red Man Syndrome

A

Vancomycin

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31
Q

Clindamycin MOA

A

Binds 50S Subunit to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis

32
Q

Nitrofurantoin mOA

A

Reduced forms damage DNA, more active at acidic pH

33
Q

Polymyxin B MOA

A

Interact w/ cell membrane phospholipids & disrupt cell membrane permeability, causking leakage of intracellular components

34
Q

Quinupristin/Dalfopristin MOA

A

Binds 50S subunit at a site different than Macrolides

35
Q

Bacitracin MOA

A

Inhibits cell wall formation by interfering w/ the lipid that carries peptidoglycan subunits to the site of cell wall formation

36
Q

Metronidazole MOA

A

Reduction of drug to compounds & free radicals that bind to intracellular macromolecules, & cause bacterial DNA damage

37
Q

Linezolid MOA

A

Binds 50S subunit & prevents formation of the 70S translational initiation complex

38
Q

Daptomycin moA

A

depolarizing bacterial cell membranes which leads to loss of membrane potential, K+ efflux, & cell death

39
Q

Vanco -resistance

A

Daptomycin, Quinupristin/Dalfopristin

40
Q

Isoniazid MOA

A

interferes w/ cell wall mycolic acid biosynthesis, since mycolic acid is unique to Mycobacteria

41
Q

Isoniazid SE

A

Peripheral Neuropathy, Hepatitis

42
Q

Rifampin MOA

A

inhibition of RNA transcription by binding to beta-subunit of DNA-dependent RNA pol

43
Q

Rifampin SE

A

Reddish-orange urine, saliva, sweat, & tears

44
Q

Pyrazinamide SE

A

Nongouty Polyarthralgia:

45
Q

Dapsone MOA

A

inhibits folic acid synthesis

46
Q

Dapsone SE

A

Hemolytic anemia, Methemoglobinemia,

Sulfone Syndrome

47
Q

Clofazimine MOA

A

binds to Mycobacterial DNA & interferes w/ growth

48
Q

Clofazimine SE

A

Pigmentation of Skin

49
Q

Amphotericin B MOA

A

Binds sterols (ergosterol) in fungal cell membrane causing increased pore/channel permeabilit

50
Q

Inhibition of 14-alpha-demethylase, causing demethylation of lanosterol MOA

A

Ketoconazole, Miconazole, Fluconazole, Itraconazole

51
Q

Endocrinologic Abnormalities

A

Ketoconazole

52
Q

Cryptococcosis in AIDS pts (indefinitely)

A

Fluconazole

53
Q

Histoplasmosis in AIDS pts

A

Itraconazole

54
Q

disrupts cell’s mitotic spindle structure, arresting cell division in metaphase, deposited in keratin precursor cells

A

Griseofulvin MOA

55
Q

Nystatin MOA

A

Binds sterols (ergosterol) in fungal cell membrane, increased permeabiliity

56
Q

Tolnaftate & Terbinafine HCl MOA

A

interfere w/ sterold biosynthesis by inhibiting Squalene Monooxygenase, resulting in decreased synthesis of ergosterol

57
Q

Caspofungin MOA

A

Inhibits synthesis of beta-1,3-D-glucan, an essential polysaccharide component of the cell wall of filmentous fungi

58
Q

Invasive Aspergillosis, Esophageal Candidiasis in pts refractory to Amphotericin B or Itraconazole

A

Caspofungin

59
Q

Immune Globulin Tx

A

Measles & Hep A Prevention

Hep B & Measles Prophylaxis

60
Q

RSV in high risk infants

A

Palivizumab

61
Q

Palivizumab MOA

A

mAb to the F protein of RSV

62
Q

Amantadine MOA

A

blocks viral penetration of host cells & uncoating, inhibits release of infectious nucleic acid into cell cytoplasm, by buffering the pH of endosomes, Blocks M2 viral protein channels required for nucleocapsid release

63
Q

Amantadine Tx

A

Influenza A

64
Q

Zanamivir & Oseltamivir MOA

A

inhibition of Influenza virua NA, decreasing release & causing viral aggregat

65
Q

Zanamivir & Oseltamivir Tx

A

all strains of Influenza A & B

66
Q

Ribavirin MOA

A

affects cellular nucleotide pool & inhibits viral RNA pol & viral mRNA synthesis (higher affinity for viral RNA pol than cellular RNA pol)

67
Q

Ribavirin Tx

A

Children: RSV Tx of LRTI
Adults: chronic hepatitis C

68
Q

Trifluridine MOA

A

Analog, inhibits viral DNA synthesis by causing chain termination after being incorporated into DNA strand

69
Q

Trifluridine Tx

A

HSV-1 & HSV-2 keratoconjunctivitis & keratitis

70
Q

Trifluridine SE

A

Visual Haze: burning or stinging

71
Q

Acyclovir Tx

A

Genital warts, Systemic HSV, VZV in children

72
Q

Ganciclovir SE

A

Teratogenic, carcinogenic
Granulocytopenia, Thrombocytopenia
Severe Myelosuppression

73
Q

Ganciclovir Tx

A

CMV retinitis, Life- or Sight-threatening CMV infections

74
Q

Foscarnet Tx

A

CMV retinitis in AIDS pts

75
Q

Interferon alpha-2b MOA

A

inhibition of viral protein synthesis & viral replication by acting as an inducer of proteins that inhibits the translation fo viral mRNA to protein - 2’5’ oligo adenylate synthetase, protein kinase, phosphodiesterase

76
Q

Interferon alpha-2b Tx

A

Cutaneous warts, Chronic Hep B, Chronic Hep C w/ Ribavirin, anti-cancer effects

Pharm Exam 8 (5 decks)

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