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mechanisms of action off drugs > drug mechanisms > Flashcards

drug mechanisms Flashcards

1
Q

what is the mechanism of action of ace inhibitors?

A

prevent the conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2 so the adrenal cortex cannot produce aldosterone so Na+ and water cannot be reabsorbed and vasoconstriction decreases

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2
Q

what is the mechanism of action of calcium channel blockers?

A

bind to L type calcium channels on cardiac smooth muscle ad prevent Ca2+ from entering the cell so decrease muscle contraction

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3
Q

what is the mechanism of action of ARB’s?

A

block angiotensin converting enzyme so that angiotensin 2 cannot be formed and aldosterone cannot be formed so H2o and NA+ are not retained

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4
Q

what is the mechanism of action of thiazide like diuretics?

A

block the Na+/Cl- transporter in the distal convoluted tubule which reduces the action of the Na+/K+ pump causing vasodilation

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5
Q

what is the mechanism of action of beta blockers?

A

block the B adrenergic G protein coupled receptors so prevent the activation of adenylyl cyclase which would increase cAMP and activate the renin-angiotensin pathway

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6
Q

what is the mechanism of action of statins?

A

inhibit HMG-CoA reductase so that mevalonate cannot be produced as a precursor of cholesterol

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7
Q

what is the mechanism of action of nitrates?

A

nitric oxide activates guanylyl cyclase which makes cGMP, activates protein kinase G and dephosphorylates myosin light chains leading to muscle contraction

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8
Q

what is the mechanism of action of warfarin?

A

competitively inhibits vitamin K reductase so that prothrombin cannot be produced to then produce clotting factors

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9
Q

what is the mechanism of action of DOACS rivoroxaban etc?

A

directly inhibit factor XA in the clotting cascade

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10
Q

what is the mechanism of action of dabigatran?

A

inhibitor of free thrombin, fibrin bound thrombin and thrombin induced platelet aggregation

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11
Q

what is the mechanism of action of aspirin?

A

binds to COX-1 which is required for the formation of thromboxane within platelets

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12
Q

what is the mechanism of action of low molecular weight heparins?

A

bind to antithrombin III which inhibits factor XA and IIA in the clotting cascade

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13
Q

what is the mechanism of action of digoxin?

A

inhibits the Na+/K+ ATPase pump which increases intracellular Na+ levels which then increases Ca2+ levels and increases muscle contraction

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14
Q

what is the mechanism of action of loop diuretics?

A

inhibits the transport of Na+/K+/Cl- in the ascending loop of henle so promotes urinary excretion and decreases plasma volume

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15
Q

what is the mechanism of action of spironolactone?

A

inhibits the action of aldosterone in the collecting ducts of the nephron so causes electrolyte excretion but spares K+

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16
Q

what is the mechanism of action of beclamethasone ICS?

A

inhibits interleukin 1 so prevents the activation of T and B lymphocytes so histamine is not released from mast cells

17
Q

what is the mechanism of action of salbutamol?

A

binds to B2 adrenergic GQ coupled receptors which activates adenylyl cyclase, rises intracellular cAMP which increases protein kinase A and phosphorylates proteins that cause bronchodialation

18
Q

what is the mechanism of action of salmeterol?

A

binds to an exosite domain on B2 adrenergic receptors causing continuous stimulation

19
Q

what is the mechanism of action of SAMA/LAMAs?

A

bind to muscarinic M3 receptors and prevent acetylcholine from binding so prevents the GQ mediated activation of phospholipase C so prevents the conversion of PIP1 to IP3 which causes calcium release

20
Q

what is the mechanism of action of H1 receptor antagonists?

A

inactivation of histamine H1 GQ coupled receptors so that phospholipase C cannot be activated and Ca2+ levels do not increase

21
Q

what is the mechanism of action of protein pump inhibitors?

A

inhibit proton pumps so that H+ cannot diffuse from pyloric cells into the stomach

22
Q

what is the mechanism of action of H2 antagonists?

A

bind to H2 receptors and inhibit the activation of adenylyl cyclase sp cAMP is not activated and and protein kinase A cannot trigger acid release from parenteral cells

23
Q

what is the mechanism of action of NSAIDS and how they cause stomach ulcers?

A

block COX-1 enzymes so decrease levels of prostaglandins which inhibit gastrin secretion and increase mucus secretion

mechanisms of action off drugs (1 decks)

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