drug mechanisms Flashcards
what is the mechanism of action of ace inhibitors?
prevent the conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2 so the adrenal cortex cannot produce aldosterone so Na+ and water cannot be reabsorbed and vasoconstriction decreases
what is the mechanism of action of calcium channel blockers?
bind to L type calcium channels on cardiac smooth muscle ad prevent Ca2+ from entering the cell so decrease muscle contraction
what is the mechanism of action of ARB’s?
block angiotensin converting enzyme so that angiotensin 2 cannot be formed and aldosterone cannot be formed so H2o and NA+ are not retained
what is the mechanism of action of thiazide like diuretics?
block the Na+/Cl- transporter in the distal convoluted tubule which reduces the action of the Na+/K+ pump causing vasodilation
what is the mechanism of action of beta blockers?
block the B adrenergic G protein coupled receptors so prevent the activation of adenylyl cyclase which would increase cAMP and activate the renin-angiotensin pathway
what is the mechanism of action of statins?
inhibit HMG-CoA reductase so that mevalonate cannot be produced as a precursor of cholesterol
what is the mechanism of action of nitrates?
nitric oxide activates guanylyl cyclase which makes cGMP, activates protein kinase G and dephosphorylates myosin light chains leading to muscle contraction
what is the mechanism of action of warfarin?
competitively inhibits vitamin K reductase so that prothrombin cannot be produced to then produce clotting factors
what is the mechanism of action of DOACS rivoroxaban etc?
directly inhibit factor XA in the clotting cascade
what is the mechanism of action of dabigatran?
inhibitor of free thrombin, fibrin bound thrombin and thrombin induced platelet aggregation
what is the mechanism of action of aspirin?
binds to COX-1 which is required for the formation of thromboxane within platelets
what is the mechanism of action of low molecular weight heparins?
bind to antithrombin III which inhibits factor XA and IIA in the clotting cascade
what is the mechanism of action of digoxin?
inhibits the Na+/K+ ATPase pump which increases intracellular Na+ levels which then increases Ca2+ levels and increases muscle contraction
what is the mechanism of action of loop diuretics?
inhibits the transport of Na+/K+/Cl- in the ascending loop of henle so promotes urinary excretion and decreases plasma volume
what is the mechanism of action of spironolactone?
inhibits the action of aldosterone in the collecting ducts of the nephron so causes electrolyte excretion but spares K+
what is the mechanism of action of beclamethasone ICS?
inhibits interleukin 1 so prevents the activation of T and B lymphocytes so histamine is not released from mast cells
what is the mechanism of action of salbutamol?
binds to B2 adrenergic GQ coupled receptors which activates adenylyl cyclase, rises intracellular cAMP which increases protein kinase A and phosphorylates proteins that cause bronchodialation
what is the mechanism of action of salmeterol?
binds to an exosite domain on B2 adrenergic receptors causing continuous stimulation
what is the mechanism of action of SAMA/LAMAs?
bind to muscarinic M3 receptors and prevent acetylcholine from binding so prevents the GQ mediated activation of phospholipase C so prevents the conversion of PIP1 to IP3 which causes calcium release
what is the mechanism of action of H1 receptor antagonists?
inactivation of histamine H1 GQ coupled receptors so that phospholipase C cannot be activated and Ca2+ levels do not increase
what is the mechanism of action of protein pump inhibitors?
inhibit proton pumps so that H+ cannot diffuse from pyloric cells into the stomach
what is the mechanism of action of H2 antagonists?
bind to H2 receptors and inhibit the activation of adenylyl cyclase sp cAMP is not activated and and protein kinase A cannot trigger acid release from parenteral cells
what is the mechanism of action of NSAIDS and how they cause stomach ulcers?
block COX-1 enzymes so decrease levels of prostaglandins which inhibit gastrin secretion and increase mucus secretion
