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NUR 325 > Drug Matrix 1 > Flashcards

Drug Matrix 1 Flashcards

1
Q

hydrochlorothiazide is what class of meds

A

thiazide diuretic

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2
Q

furosemide is what class of meds

A

loop diuretics

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3
Q

spironolactone is what class of meds

A

potassium-sparing diuretic

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4
Q

metoprolol is what class of meds

A

beta adrenergic blockers (sympatholytics)

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5
Q

propranolol is what class of meds

A

beta adrenergic blockers (sympatholytics)

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6
Q

carvedilol is what class of meds

A

beta adrenergic blockers (sympatholytics)

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7
Q

metoprolol is [….]

A

selective… just blocks beta 1 (heart)

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8
Q

propranolol is [….]

A

non-selective… blocks beta 1 and 2

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9
Q

carvedilol is [….]

A

alpha and beta

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10
Q

clonidine is what class of meds

A

alpha-2 adrenergic agonist (centrally acting sympathetic) (sympatholytics)

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11
Q

doxazosin is what class of meds

A

selective alpha-1 blockers (alpha adrenergic blockers) (sympatholytics)

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12
Q

captopril is what class of meds

A

ACE (RAAS)

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13
Q

lisinopril is what class of meds

A

ACE (RAAS)

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14
Q

lozartan is what class of meds

A

ARBs (RAAS)

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15
Q

aliskiren is what class of meds

A

renin inhibitor (RAAS)

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16
Q

nifedipine is what class of meds

A

calcium channel blockers

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17
Q

nicardipine is what class of meds

A

calcium channel blockers

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18
Q

verapamil is what class of meds

A

calcium channel blockers

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19
Q

diltiazem is what class of meds

A

calcium channel blockers

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20
Q

hydralazine is what class of meds

A

vasodilators

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21
Q

atorvastatin is what class of meds

A

statins (HMG-CoA) (HLD)

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22
Q

simvastatin is what class of meds

A

statins (HMG-CoA) (HLD)

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23
Q

rosuvastatin is what class of meds

A

statins (HMG-CoA) (HLD)

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24
Q

ezetimibe is what class of meds

A

cholesterol absorption inhibitor (HLD)

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25
Q

-works on distal convoluted tubule to inhibit resorption of sodium/potassium/chloride=decreased cardiac output, results in water loss
-relaxes arterioles=decreased peripheral vascular resistance

A

MOA of thiazide diuretics

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26
Q

-mild hypertension
-given PO
-alone or in combo with others

A

indications of thiazide diuretics

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27
Q

-electrolyte and metabolic disturbances–> hypokalemia (low potassium)
-orthostatic hypotension
-may worsen renal insufficiency
-hyperuricemia–> watch out with gout patients

A

major adverse reactions of thiazide diuretics

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28
Q

-monitor potassium levels
-give potassium supplements
-encourage food rich in potassium

A

nursing considerations for thiazide diuretics

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29
Q

-inhibit kidneys to reabsorb sodium in LOOP OF HENLE
-makes kidneys put more sodium in the urine…water follows sodium–> more peeing out

A

MOA of loop diuretics

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30
Q

-decreases fluid in the blood vessels–>decreases cardiac output
-PROFOUND DIURESIS POSSIBLE
-PO or IV

A

indications of loop diuretics

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31
Q

-hypokalemia and other electrolyte abnormalities
-dehydration
-hypotension
-ototoxicity–> difficulty hearing, usually transient with furosemide

A

major adverse reactions of loop diuretics

32
Q

-monitor potassium levels
-patients typically receive KCL supplements with their lasix doses

A

nursing considerations for loop diuretics

33
Q

-block action of aldosterone (sodium and water retention)=potassium retention and excretion of sodium and water

A

MOA of potassium-sparing diuretics

34
Q

-only PO
-usually given in combo to get more effect with a lower chance of hypokalemia
-only provides small amount of diuresis and hypotensive effect

A

indications of potassium-sparing diuretics

35
Q

-can see HYPERkalemia
endocrine effects: deepened voice, impotence, irregular menstrual cycles, gynecomastia, hirsutism

A

major adverse reactions of potassium-sparing diuretics

36
Q

monitor potassium and BP?

A

nursing considerations for potassium-sparing diuretics

37
Q

-increases nitric oxide=vasodilation response
-blocks stimulation of beta-1 receptors=decreases HR and contractility
-can be given PO/IV

A

MOA of beta blockers

38
Q

Used to treat many cardiovascular diseases, we will discuss primarily with hypertension

A

indications of beta blockers

39
Q

-Fatigue/lethargy
-bradycardia
-hypotension
-can mask hypoglycemia prevents tachycardia, be careful with use in diabetics

A

adverse reactions of beta blockers

40
Q

-wean when discontinuing
-possibility of REBOUND HTN if discontinued abruptly critical rise in BP, high risk of CV event/stroke/death
-if non-selective beta blocker do not use with patients who have asthma or other breathing conditions
-recognize the RISK for hypotension and/or bradycardia, hold and contact provider if HR is less than 60 or a systolic BP less than 100

A

nursing considerations for beta blockers

41
Q

-decrease sympathetic outflow resulting in decreased stimulation of adrenergic receptors (both alpha AND beta receptors)

A

MOA of alpha-2 adrenergic agonist

42
Q

-typically, not first-line treatment, high side-effect profile
-main outcome: decreased blood pressure
-primary indication: hypertension
-can be given PO or transdermal (patch)

A

indications of alpha-2 adrenergic agonist

43
Q

-drowsiness most common, give at night to combat this
-rebound HTN
-may worsen pre-existing liver disease

A

adverse effects of alpha-2 adrenergic agonist

44
Q

-do not abruptly discontinue–> rebound HTN

A

nursing considerations of alpha-2 adrenergic agonist

45
Q

-selective alpha-1 blockade…venous AND arterial dilation

A

MOA of selective alpha-1 blockers

46
Q

-hypertension, not first line

A

indications of selective alpha-1 blockers

47
Q

-hypotension
-dizziness

A

adverse effects of selective alpha-1 blockers

48
Q

?

A

nursing considerations for selective alpha-1 blockers

49
Q

-blocks angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)…inhibits production of angiotensin-2 (powerful vasoconstrictor), inhibits aldosterone secretion less water retention

A

MOA of ACE inhibitors

50
Q

Safe and efficacious first-line therapy for hypertension & heart failure
-slows progression of left ventricular hypertrophy associated with HTN
-drug of choice for DM has some renal protective effects
-NOT APPROPRIATE FOR USE IN PREGNANCY

A

indications for ACE inhibitors

51
Q

-first dose hypotension common, 15-20% drop in 6-8 hours
-dry, nonproductive, PERSISTENT cough largest complaint from patients often reason people switch
-dizziness
-rash
-serious: ANGIOEDEMArare, but more common in African Americans (5.5% in African Americans, 0.1-0.7% in others)

A

adverse effects of ACE inhibitors

52
Q

-renal insufficiency use cautiously in patients with history of renal disease
-captopril can cause neutropenia monitor WBC
-risk of hyperkalemia especially if patient on potassium supplements

A

nursing considerations for ACE inhibitors

53
Q

-blocks the action of angiotensin 2 AFTER it is formed
-causes vasodilation
-increased sodium and water excretion

A

MOA of ARBs

54
Q

-hypertension
-heart failure
-stroke progression
-many more

A

indications of ARBs

55
Q

-well tolerated
-some risk of angioedema, not the racial disparity seen in ACEi

A

adverse effects of ARBs

56
Q

-DO NOT USE IF PREGNANT, requires use of contraception if patient is of childbearing age
-use cautiously in patients with renal problems
-ACEi & ARBs only given PO

A

nursing consideration of ARBs

57
Q

-Direct inhibition of renin, induces vasodilation, decreases blood volume, decreases SNS, and inhibitors cardiac and vascular hypertrophy

A

MOA of renin inhibitors

58
Q

-hypertension?
-PO

A

indications of renin inhibitors

59
Q

-well tolerated
-GI discomfort
-when given with ACEi watch for hyperkalemia, especially in patients with diabetes

A

adverse reactions of renin inhibitors

60
Q

-takes several weeks to see full effect (half-life)
-do NOT take pregnant

A

nursing considerations of renin inhibitors

61
Q

-Blocks calcium access to cells causing decreased contractility and decreased conductivity of the heart=lower demand for oxygen

A

MOA of calcium channel blockers

62
Q

-hypertension and chest pain (angina pectoris)
-diltiazem and verapamil also used to treat heart rhythm disorders
-can also be given for refractive hypertension IV (nicardipine)
-PO or IV

A

indications of calcium channel blockers

63
Q

-Orthostatic hypotension
-peripheral edema

A

adverse effects of calcium channel blockers

64
Q

-CCB are often best for elderly and African Americans
-diuretics can be given for peripheral edema

A

nursing considerations of calcium channel blockers

65
Q

-vasodilators work directly on arterial and venous smooth muscles and cause relaxation
-direct vasodilation cause decreased systemic and peripheral vascular resistance

A

MOA of vasodilators

66
Q

-hypertension
-PO or IV
-PO often used in combination with other anti-hypertensive agents
-IV used in emergency settings or when PO cannot be tolerated

A

indications of vasodilators

67
Q

-hypotension
-dizziness, headache, tachycardia, edema, dyspnea, GI upset

A

adverse effects of vasodilators

68
Q

?

A

nursing indications of vasodilators

69
Q

-takes 2 weeks to see effect
-inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase
-less cholesterol is produced by liver
-liver makes more LDL receptors
-more LDL is removed from blood (not making as much cholesterol, removing more LDL from the blood)
-NOT A PERMANENT DROP IN LEVELS, need to keep taking the drug
-stabilize plaque and decrease inflammation

A

MOA of statins

70
Q

?

A

indications of statins

71
Q

?

A

adverse effects of statins

72
Q

?

A

nursing considerations for statins

73
Q

-blocks absorption of cholesterol in jejunum, dietary, cholesterol secreted in bile
-in combination with statin

A

MOA of cholesterol absorption inhibitor

74
Q
A

indications for cholesterol absorption inhibitor

75
Q

?

A

adverse effects of cholesterol absorption inhibitor

76
Q

?

A

nursing indications for cholesterol absorption inhibitor

NUR 325 (1 decks)

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