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Cardio-respiratory Physiology And Pharmacology > Drug List > Flashcards

Drug List Flashcards

0
Q

Heparin

A

Injectable anticoagulant
Binds to antithrombin and enhances its inhibitory effects
Used in DVT, pulmonary embolism, atrial fibrillation and myocardial infarction

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1
Q

Warfarin

A

Oral anticoagulant
Competitive antagonist for vitamin k epoxide reductase
Used in DVT and pulmonary embolism

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2
Q

Enoxaparin and dalteparin

A

Anticoagulant derivatives of heparin

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3
Q

Protamine sulphate

A

Treats heparin overdose

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4
Q

Leprudin, bivalirudin and desinudin

A

Bivalent direct thrombin inhibitors

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5
Q

Argatroban, melagatran and diabigatran

A

Univalent direct thrombin inhibitors

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6
Q

Aspirin

A

Anti platelet drug

It is a cyclooxygenase inhibitor

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7
Q

Clopidogrel and ticlopidine

A

Anti platelet drug

ADP receptor antagonist

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8
Q

ABCIXIMAB and TIROFIBAN

A

Anti platelet drug
Abic- monoclonal antibodies
Tiro- RGD inhibiting peptide

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9
Q

What are the 4 classes of anti-dysrhythmic drugs ?

A

1- sodium channel blockers
2- beta blockers
3- potassium channel blockers
4- calcium channel blockers

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10
Q

What is the function of class 1 anti-dysrhythmic drugs ?

A

Affect the upstroke of atrial/ventricular tissue

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11
Q

What is the function of class 2 anti-dysrhythmic drugs ?

A

Affect the funny current in phase 4 depolarisation of pacemaker potential
Affect the calcium current in the upstroke of the pacemaker potential
Affect the calcium current in the plateau phase of atrial/ventricular tissue

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12
Q

What is the function of the class 3 anti-dysrhythmic drugs ?

A

Affect the efflux of potassium ions blocking repolarisation phase in both pacemaker and atrial/ventricular action potentials

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13
Q

What is the function of class 4 anti-dysrhythmic drugs ?

A

Affect the calcium current in the upstroke of pacemaker potential
Affect the plateau phase in atrial/ventricular tissue

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14
Q

Quinidine, procainamide and disopyramide

A

1a sodium channel blockers

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15
Q

Lidocaine and mexiletine

A

1b sodium channel blockers

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16
Q

Flecainide

A

1c sodium channel blockers

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17
Q

Propranolol and atenolol

A

Beta blockers
Propranolol is a non selective one
Atenolol is a beta-1 selective one

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18
Q

Soltalol and amiodarone

A

Potassium channel blockers

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19
Q

Verapamil and dilitazem

A

Calcium channel blockers

Cardiac selective

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20
Q

Digoxin

A

Cardiac glycoside -another anti-dysrhythmic Drug

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21
Q

What types of drugs are used in the treatment of heart failure ?

A 
Beta blockers 
ACE inhibitors 
AT-1 receptor antagonists 
Diuretics 
Vasodilators
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22
Q

Carvedilol

A

Classed as a 3rd gen beta blocker
Blocks both alpha and beta receptors
Causes vasodilation at alpha receptors

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23
Q

Bisoprolol

A

Beta-1 selective blocker

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24
Captopril and ramipril
ACE inhibitors
25
Losartan and candesartan
AT-1 receptor antagonists
26
Flurosamide and bumetanide
Loop diuretics | Most potent
27
Chlorothiazide
Non potassium sparing distal tubule diuretic
28
Amiloride and spironolactone
Potassium sparing distal tubule diuretic | Aldosterone antagonists
29
Isosorbide dinitrate
Nitrate - nitric oxide donor
30
Hydralazines
Vasodilators used to reduce intracellular calcium Potassium channel openers to promote vasodilation Inhibits calcium release from intracellular SR Promotes NO production
31
What drugs are used in the treatment of angina ?
Nitrates Calcium channel blockers Beta blockers Potassium channel openers
32
Glyceryl trinitrate
Nitrates - short acting
33
Nifedipine and nicardipine
Vascular selective calcium channel blockers
34
Nicorandil
Potassium channel opener | Used to cause vasodilation
35
Ivabradine
Inhibits sinus node funny current which slows pacemaker potentials so slows HR
36
What are the types of drugs used to treat hypertension ?
Thiazides diuretics and aldosterone antagonists - for fluid control such as sodium retention ACE inhibitors and AT-1 receptor antagonists - reduce fluid retention and vasoconstriction affecting RAS system Calcium channel blockers and potassium channel openers - to promote vasodilation Alpha and beta blockers - reduce vasoconstriction and reduce CO and renin release Nitric oxide donors and phsophodiesterase inhibitors -promote vasodilation Endotheli. Synthesis inhibitors and endothelium receptor antagonists -reduce vasoconstriction Prostacyclin receptor agonists -promote vasodilation
37
Bendrofluemethiazide
Thiazides diuretic used to treat hypertension | Blocks sodium-chloride transporter reducing sodium reabsorption to reduce fluid retention
38
Spironolactone
Aldosterone antagonist used to treat hypertension | Reduces transcription of sodium channels so less sodium can be retained so reducing fluid retention
39
Minoxidil
Calcium channel blocker used to treat hypertension | Blocks the influx of calcium ions which are needed for contraction so it reduces vasoconstriction in vasculature
40
Amlodipine
Potassium channel opener used to treat hypertension Promotes potassium ions leaving the cell forcing membrane potential further from threshold helping to close calcium channels so reducing vasoconstriction
41
Doxazosin
Alpha receptor blocker used to treat hypertension | Reduces vasoconstriction
42
Sodium nitroprusside
Nitric oxide donor used to treat hypertension Increases production of NO which increases cGMP, increasing pKG promote potassium efflux and activation of mysosin light chain phosphatase which promotes vasodilation
43
Sildenafil/Viagra
Phsophodiesterase 5 inhibitor used in treatment of hypertension Prevents degradation of cGMP promoting vasodilation
44
Phosphoramidon
Endothelin converting enzyme inhibitor used to treat hypertension Reduces vasoconstriction
45
Bosentan
ET-A receptor antagonist used to treat hypertension | Prevents endothelin binding therefore reducing vasoconstriction
46
Illoprost
Prosyacylin receptor agonist used to treat hypertension | Promotes vascular vasodilation
47
Methyldopa
Alpha-2 agonist in the medulla to reduce sympathetic flow | Used to treat hypertension in pregnancy
48
Sitaxentan and ambrisentan
ET-A receptor antagonist
49
Epoprostenol
Prosyacylin analogue | Causes vasodilation
50
What types of drugs are used to treat hyperlipidaemia ?
HMG CoA reductase inhibitors - statins Fibrates Bile acid binding resins
51
Atorvastatin, simvastatin and pravastatin
HMG CoA reductase inhibitors/statins Inhibit endogenous cholesterol synthesis in liver by blocking HMG CoA reductase enzyme preventi conversion of HMG CoA into mevalonate
52
Gemfibrozil and fenofibrate
Fibrates used to treat hyperlipidaemia | Used against high levels of VLDL
53
Cholesteryamine and colestipol
Bile acid binding resins | Reduce amount of bile acids so enzyme that converts cholesterol to bile acids is not inhibited
54
Beta-sitosterol and sitosterol(benecol)
Plant sterols | Inhibit absorption of dietary and endogenous cholesterol
55
Other than the 3 main drugs what other substances help to treat hyperlipidaemia ?
Nicotinic acid and acipimox Plant sterols Fish oils
56
Salbutamol and terbutaline
Short acting beta-2 agonists Used to treat asthma - normally administered by an inhaler Increase cAMP which inhibits myosin light chain kinase reducing contraction so promoting bronchodilation
57
Salmeterol and isoproterenol
Long lasting beta-2 agonists | Help to prevent future asthma attacks
58
Atropine, ipratropium bromide and oxitropium bromide
Short acting muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists - anticholinergics Prevent acetylcholine binding so promote bronchodilation Used in asthma but primarily used in COPD
59
Tiotropium bromide
Long lasting muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist - anticholinergics Used in asthma and COPD
60
Caffeine and theobromine and theophylline(main clinical one)
Xanthines - relieve symptoms of asthma | Inhibit phsophodiesterase enzyme which degrade cAMP so by preventing degradation, bronchodilation is promoted
61
Beclometasome and budesonide
Glucocorticosteroids = anti inflammatory drugs Used in asthma to treat chronic inflammation Classed as prophylactic anti asthmatic drugs
62
N-acetylcysteine and ambroxol
Mucokinetic drugs used to reduce viscosity of mucus by breaking disulphide bonds Used to treat COPD
63
Furosemide
Diuretic which reduces fluid retention and helps to treat pulmonary oedema
64
Inamrinone
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor | Improves cardiac function in pulmonary oedema
65
Dobutamine
Beta -1 agonist | Used to improve cardiac function in pulmonary oedema
66
Atropine
Muscarinic antagonist | Reduces mucus secretions so it's used to treat cystic fibrosis
67
Glyceryl guaiacolate
Expectorants which increase fluidity of secretions and so increases productivity of coughing in cystic fibrosis
68
Naloxone
Opioid antagonist | Reverses the effects of an opioid overdose
69
Mosapride
Serotonin-4a agonist help to counteract opioid overdose without reducing opioids analgesic effects

Cardio-respiratory Physiology And Pharmacology (33 decks)

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