Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

5th yr- CMS2- Drugs > Drug interactions > Flashcards

Drug interactions Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 categories of drug interactions

A
  1. pharmacokinetic
  2. pharmacodynamic
  3. pharmaceutical interactions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a pharmacokinetic interaction

A

When the presence of one drug affects the concentration of another drug at its site of action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What aspect can be affected by pharmacokinetic interactions

A
  1. absorption
  2. Distribution
  3. Metabolism
  4. Excretion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Give an example of a pharmacokinetic interaction that affects drug absorption

A

local anaesthetics and adrenaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Give an example of a pharmacokinetic interaction that affects drug distribution

A

Warfarin and aspirin where aspirin displaces warfarin from protein binding sites there for increasing the effective warfarin concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Give an example of a pharmacokinetic interaction that affects drug metabolism

A

Beta adrenergic blocking drugs and local anaesthetics
Where the reduction in hepatic blood flow produced by the Beta adrenergic blocking drugs may increase the toxicity of LA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Give an example of a pharmacokinetic interaction that affects drug absorption

A

probenecid inhibits the excretion of penicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a pharmacodynamic interaction

A

Where the drug effect is modified without its concentration at the site of action being affected
Drugs may act as agonist or antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Give an example of beneficial agonist pharmacodynamic interaction

A

antibacterial drug cotrimoxa-zole relies on the combined action of two drugs: sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim
these interfere at two different stages in bacterial folic acid production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Give an example of an adverse agonist pharmacodynamic interaction

A

Sedative agents used in dental practice combined with other CNS depressants such as alcohol can lead to respirate distress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Give an example of beneficial antagonist pharmacodynamic interaction

A

flumazenil antagonises the effects of midazolam and can be used to reverse sedation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Give an example of an adverse antagonist pharmacodynamic interaction

A

the action of salbutamol, a β2-adrenergic agonist used in the routine and emergency management of asthma is antagonised by β-adrenergic blocking drugs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do we classify drug interactions in dentistry

A

ACT system:
Avoid
Caution
Theoretical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List the common drugs used in dentistry

A
  1. LA
  2. Vasoconstrictors
  3. Benzodiazepines
  4. Aspirin
  5. Ibuprofen
  6. Paracetamol
  7. Penicillins
  8. Erythromycin
  9. Metronidazole
  10. Tetracyclines
  11. Clindamycin
  12. Antifungals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does theoretical mean in terms of the ACT classification for interactions

A

denotes that an interaction is theoretically possible but unlikely to occur at the doses used in clinical dentistry.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What groups of drugs can LA interact with and give the ACT classification for the interaction

A
  1. OTHER LA: T
  2. Antimicrobials: C
  3. Benzodiazepines: C
  4. Cardiovascular drugs: C
  5. Other local anaesthetics drugs: C
  6. Muscle relaxants: T
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What groups of drugs can vasoconstrictors interact with and give the ACT classification for the interaction

A
  1. Analgesics: C
    2, Social drugs: C
  2. Cardiovascular drugs: C
  3. CNS drugs: C
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What groups of drugs can ibuporfen interact with and give the ACT classification for the interaction

A
  1. Analgesics: C
  2. Anticoagulants: C
  3. Antidiabetics: C
  4. Antimetabolites: A
  5. Cardiovasulcar drugs: A
  6. CNS drugs: A
  7. Corticosteroids: A
  8. Muscle relaxants: C
18
Q

What groups of drugs can benzodiazepines interact with and give the ACT classification for the interaction

A
  1. Analgesics: A
    2, Social drugs: A
  2. Antiasthma drugs: C
  3. Antimicrobials: A
  4. Other benzodiazepines: C
  5. Cardiovascular drugs: C
  6. CNS: drugs A
  7. LA: C
  8. Muscle relaxants: T
  9. Oral contraceptives: T
  10. GI tract drugs: C
18
Q

What groups of drugs can Paracetamol interact with and give the ACT classification for the interaction

A
  1. Anticoagulants: C
  2. GI tract drugs: T
18
Q

What groups of drugs can Aspirin interact with and give the ACT classification for the interaction

A
  1. Analgesics: C
  2. Anticoagulants: A
  3. Anticonvulsants: A
  4. Antidiabetic: A
  5. Antimetabolites: A
  6. Cardiovascular drugs: C
  7. Corticosteroids: A
  8. GI tract drugs: T
  9. Drugs used in gout: T
19
Q

What groups of drugs can penicillin interact with and give the ACT classification for the interaction

A
  1. Analgesics: T
  2. Anticoagulants: C
  3. Antimetabolites: A
  4. Antimicrobials: A
  5. Cardiovascular drugs: T
  6. Drugs used in GI tract: C
  7. Oral contraceptive: C
20
Q

What groups of drugs can erythromycin interact with and give the ACT classification for the interaction

A
  1. Social drugs: A
  2. Anstiasthama: C
  3. Anticoagulants: C
  4. Antidiabetics: C
  5. Antihistamine: A
  6. Antimetabolites: A
  7. Cardiovascular drugs: C
  8. CNS drugs: A
  9. Corticosteroids: T
  10. GI tract drugs: A
  11. Drugs used in gout: C
  12. Immunosuppressants: A
  13. Lipid lowering drugs: C
  14. Oral contraceptive: C
21
Q

What groups of drugs can metronidazole interact with and give the ACT classification for the interaction

A
  1. Social drugs: A
  2. Anticoagulants: A
  3. Anticonvulsant: C
  4. Antimetabolites: c
  5. Antimicrobials: C
  6. CNS drugs: A
  7. Corticosteroids: c
  8. GI tract: C
  9. Immunosuppressants: C
  10. Lipid lowering drugs: C
  11. Oral contraceptive: C
22
Q

What groups of drugs can tetracycline interact with and give the ACT classification for the interaction

A
  1. Antiasthmastic: C
  2. Anticoagulants: C
  3. Antidiabetics: A
  4. Antimetabolites: C
  5. Antimicrobials: A
  6. Cardiovascular drugs: C
  7. Cations: C
  8. CNS drugs: C
  9. GI tract drugs: C
  10. Oral contraceptive: C
  11. Retinoids: C
23
Q

What groups of drugs can Antifungals interact with and give the ACT classification for the interaction

A
  1. Anticoagulants: A
  2. Anticonvulsant: C
  3. Antidiabetics: C
  4. Antihistamine: A
  5. Antimicrobials: C
  6. Benzodiazepines: C
  7. Cardiovascular drugs: C
  8. Corticosteroids: C
  9. Immunosuppressants: C
24
Q

What is a side effect of some local anaesthetics

A

Methaemoglobinaemia

25
Q

What is Methaemoglobinaemia cause dby

A

Iron in the haemoglobin being in the ferric rather than ferrous form
This reduces oxygen carrying capacity

26
Q

How does Methaemoglobinaemia present

A

As cyanosis

27
Q

Which drugs combined with LA can increase likelihood of Methaemoglobinaemia

A

sulfonamide antIbacterials, and combined therapy

28
Q

What effect can midazolam have on lidocaine

A

reduces the CNS toxicity of the local anaesthetic (This is beneficial)

29
Q

What effect can diazepam have on bupivicaine

A

diazepam can increase the toxicity of bupivacaine by raising the serum levels of the LA

30
Q

What should we be mindful of when giving LA to a patient on beta blockers

A

Large doses of LA should be avoided (nb 1-2 cartridges is no problem)

31
Q

Give an example of a calcium channel blocker that can increase the toxicity of lidocaine

A

Verapamil (not a concern with 1-2 cartridges)

32
Q

What effect can calcium Channel blockers have on bupivicaine

A

increase the cardiotoxicity of the long-acting local anaesthetic bupivacaine

33
Q

How do Antihypertensive drugs interact with adrenaline

A

Can increase systolic blood pressure which coudl cause a cerebrovasicualr attack
1-2 cartridges s fine but if you need to give more consider an adrenaline free option

34
Q

How does adrenaline affect plasma concentration

A

Decreases plasma potassium levels

35
Q

When is the decreasing potassium levels effect heightened in patients following adrenaline

A

In patients taking non potassium sparring diuretics or calcium channel blocker (nb 1-2 cartridges is safe)

36
Q

What effect do tricyclic antidepressents have on adrenaline

A

They can decrease the re uptake of adrenaline into nerve cells resulting in the pressor effects of adrenaline being increased (nb 1-2 cartridges is safe)

37
Q

Give examples of recreational drugs that can increase adrenaline toxicity

A

Amphetamines, cannabis and cocaine

38
Q

If we suspect a pt has taken amphetamine cannabis or cocaine what shoudl we do

A

Avoid or limit the amount of adrenaline containing LA for at least 24 hours following drug use

39
Q

Which drugs should be avoided if offering a patient sedation

A

Drugs affecting the CNS as over sedation can lead to respirate depression

39
Q

Which drugs should be avoided if offering a patient sedation

A

Drugs affecting the CNS as over sedation can lead to respirate depression

5th yr- CMS2- Drugs (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions