Drug Information Retrieval Flashcards
Perpek perpek
the key to promote rational use of drugs
Availability of authentic drug information
a well accepted concept in clinical practice in the developed world.
rational use of drugs
an essential element in achieving health goals
Drug Information
an aid to decision making
information
obj of information center or no: To collect information
obj
obj of drug information center or no: To evaluate and compare drugs
obj
obj of drug information center or no: To assist clinicians in the selection of safe and effective medication
obj
obj of drug information center or no: To provide an education and teaching aid for health care personnel
obj
To enable pharmacists and pharmacy students to develop their abilities in providing information on drugs and medicines.
obj
refers to the process of collecting, cataloguing, and retrieving data in order to display and retrieve it when called for.
Data Storage and retrieval
The systems that retrieve whole documents usually retrieve them by their ___ or by ___ associated with them.
titles or by keywords
stores information in discrete records with discrete fields, records can be searched and retrieved based on their contents.
database system
Within the computer, data is stored either in ____, allowing it to be easily accessed.
main storage
Large hospitals develop and staff a new division of the department of pharmacy which is commonly referred to as what
Drug Information Center
Now computers have possible networking of national drug information centers made located in different hospitals. T/F
F. National should be regional
a body of data and information about medications and a set of skills and tools that provide pharmacy professionals with the ability to find, access,
Drug Information
The body of facts and information pertaining to medications is generally referred to as
the drug literature
The literature of pharmacy and pharmaceutics encompasses all aspects of drugs, beginning with:
Isolation or synthesis
Including physical analysis
Bioactivity
Toxicology
Clinical research
Market research
Economic and social considerations.
Classification of resources
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Individual resources are now generally available in more than one physical format. T/F
T
Primary, secondary, and tertiary resources are available for each step in the path of development, but reporting time decreases from each step to the next.
False. Reporting time increases
Researchers will be both consumers of and contributors to the data information-knowledge cycle that characterizes science.
Preclinical Drug information:
Initially, in the synthesis and purification phase of drug development, information about the compound’s chemistry and physical properties may be both sought and created.
Preclinical Drug information:
Whether or not the compound has been of interest to other researchers may be determined by searching public records of grant and contract awards and also by searching resources that cover preliminary and early research results.
- Preclinical Drug information:
Physical and Chemical data
CAS Registry
Chemcyclopedia
ChemFinder
Chemical Abstracts
ChemID plus
Chemindex plus
The Merck Index
U.S Patent and Trademark Office Web Patent
Patents
U.S Patent and Trademark Office Web Patent
Patents
a research tool for patent information.
Delphion Intellectual Property Network
(IPN)
a thorough literature search is required to find material relevant to the clinical use of the drug.
Phase IV studies and Post Marketing Drug Information stage
Basic bibliographic databases
Biological Abstracts, EMBASE, IDIS, IPA, MEDLINE, and Science Citation Index.
contains the first written accounts of original research.
Primary Literature
In terms of size, the primary literature is probably larger than either the secondary or tertiary literature. T/F
T
the original information presented by the author without any evaluation by the second party.
Primary Literature
information is modified, condensed, commented upon by other persons like review articles, abstracts, text books, etc.
Secondary Literature
include- Indexing and Abstracting services, Evaluated Secondary Resources and Internet search engines.
Secondary Literature.
gathered from primary and secondary sources and arranged in such a manner to give coupled information.
Tertiary Literature
a distillation and evaluation of data and information first presented in such primary literature sources as research reports, meeting presentations, and journal articles.
Tertiary Literature
most accessible, easiest to use, and perhaps the most used of all information resources.
Tertiary Information
An ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTERIZED LITERATURE RETRIEVAL or nah? Save time, space, money
Advantage
An ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTERIZED LITERATURE RETRIEVAL or nah? Save effort, person-hours and greater efficiency.
Advantage
Online Computerized services offer ‘term’ searching of Fields, Controlled vocabulary and Indexes. T/F
T
Online Computerized services offer Search Commands for creating search sets, Boolean operation, Word searching and Search limiting. True
True
Search Commands for creating search sets examples
Boolean operation, Word searching and Search limiting.
Online Computerized databases offer greater precision. T/F
T
excellent sources of in-depth information and knowledge.
Academic and online journals which include real life case studies
allow researchers to explore both quantitative and qualitative research.
Academic and online journals come with several research options
large databases
library catalogues and bibliographic references.
optical storage media examples
CD-ROM
TYPES OF DATABASES:
- Library catalogues
- Bibliographic databases
- Reference databases
- Factual databases or data banks
- Full text database
Catalogues covering the holdings (Books, Reports, Journals, Conference proceedings, etc. ) of one or more library.
Library catalogues
Containing bibliographic references, with or without abstracts.
Bibliographic databases
For example, current research projects, handbooks, encyclopedias, product suppliers, etc.
Reference databases
Containing information, often in numerical form, which can be used directly,
Factual databases or data banks
chemical structures, tables, terminilogy
Factual databases or data banks
Which contain the complete version of the text of given publications.
Full- text databases
The online catalogue which has gradually become more user friendly with the use of menus and simple commands.
Online Public Access Catalogue, or OPAC
Access for users is now often in the form of a what?
Web (World Wide Web) interface.
Access to databases in two ways
Searching online from a database mounted on a host computer from a commercial information retrieval service (IRS).
By means of searchable compact disk CD-ROM database.
Information from the secondary sources has been collected together and organized under subject headings and authors in reference databases.
T/F
F. Primary sources instead of secondary
Is the ability to access, assess and apply the best evidence from systematic research information to daily clinical problems after integrating them with the physician’s experience and patient’s value.
Evidence based medicine
a process of lifelong, self-directed, problem-based learning.
EBM
conscientious, clear and judicious use of current best evidence in making decision about the care of individual patients.
EBM
May be extended to benefit not only individual patients or even health care services in the community.
EBM
Contentious use of critically appraised methods to promote mental health, prevent mental health problems and provide services.
Evidence based public mental health
CONTENTS OF EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE:
- Practice guidelines and standards setting bodies.
- Quality assurance systems.
- Research appraisal process.
- Research commissional process.
- Databases
- Journals
- References texts of latest and best evidence.
PRINCIPLES/COMPONENTS OF EBM:
- Best research evidence
- Clinical expertise
- Patient’s value and preferences.
5 As
ask,
access,
appraise,
apply
assess
Building a focused question:
i. The patient or problem being addressed.
Ii. The intervention being considered.
Iii. The comparison intervention.
Iv. The outcomes of interest.
The acronym used to help formulate a well-defined searchable question
PICO
PICO meaning
P- Patient
I - Intervention/Exposure
C - Comparison
O - Outcome
Conducting an efficient search step 1
Ask a colleague for his/her expert opinion.
Conducting an efficient search step 2
Review practice guidelines (evidence-based/ expert-opinion-based) or a textbook for appropriate disease management.
Conducting an efficient research step 3
Consult electronic databases of systematic reviews or meta-analyses.
Conducting an efficient research step 4
Conduct a literature search using an electronic database like “MEDLINE”.
Refers to the clinician’s cumulated experience, education and clinical skills.
Physician’s clinical expertise
Potential pitfalls “The clinician must always keep in mind that”:
Results and conclusions
methodology
data analysis
Four sources of bias which are possible in trials of health care interventions:
i. Selection bias
Ii. Performance bias
Iii. Attrition bias
Iv. Detection bias
In the mental health systems, where can we integrate the primary health care?
Treatment and prevention of mental disorders
