Drug Indications Flashcards by Dylan Hall

Penicillin V

Streptococcal infections (upper respiratory tract infections, e.g. Pharyngitis)

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Penicillin G (non-oral)

Drug of choice for syphilis (Treponema pallidum)

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Amoxicillin (Amoxil)

Streptococcal infections (e.g. Pharyngitis, otitis media)

Prophylaxis for high risk infective endocarditis patients for dental procedures

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Ampicillin (IV)

Similar to amoxicillin

Drug of choice for Listeria

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Dicloxicillin (PO)

MSSA infections (e.g. Uncomplicated skin and skin tissue infection)

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Oxacillin, nafcillin (IV)

MSSA infections (e.g. Serious skin and skin tissue infection), bacteremia, infective endocarditis

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Piperacillin (IV)

Pseudomonas Infections (e.g. pneumonia, bacteremia, etc)

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1st generation cephalosporins (Cefazolin, Keflex)

MSSA and Streptococci infections of the upper respiratory tract (e.g. skin/skin tissue infection)

Uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection
Specific to Cefazolin: Surgery prophylaxis

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2nd generation cephalosporins

Ceftin, Cefuroxime

Streptococci infection (e.g. upper respiratory tract infection) in children

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2nd generation cephalosporins: Cefotetan

Abdominal surgery prophylaxis (Bacteroides activity)

Special:
MTT side chain
7-Methoxy group

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3rd generation cephalosporin: Ceftriaxone (IV)

Cefotaxime (IV)

Gonorrhea (Intramuscular, IM)
Respiratory tract infections 
Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
Bacterial meningitis
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (intraabdominal infections)

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3rd generation cephalosporins

Omicef, Vantin

Respiratory tract infections
Gastrointestinal infections
Lower urinary tract infection (cystitis)

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4th generation cephalosporin

Cefpime

Pseudomonas infections (e.g. pneumonia), Acinetobacter infections

SPACE-bugs infections
Neutropenic fever

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5th generation cephalosporin

Ceftaroline

MRSA infections (e.g. Pneumonia, bacteremia, complicated skin infections)

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Anti-Pseudomonal Carbapenems:

Doripenem, Meropenem, Imipenem-cilastatin

Pseudomonas infection (e.g. pneumonia)
Neutropenic fever

Alternative drugs for Bacterioides infections (e.g. complicated intra-abdominal infections, diabetic foot ulcers)

SPACE bugs infection

Special: Drug interaction with valproic acid

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Non-Anti-Pseudomonal Carbapenems: Ertapenem

Bacterioides infections (e.g. complicated intra-abdominal infections, diabetic foot ulcers)

Complicated skin and skin tissue infections

Special: Drug interaction with valproic acid

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Monobactam: Aztreonam

Pseudomonas infection (e.g. pneumonia) or Gram Negative Bacterial infections SPECIFICALLY for patients with documented PENICILLIN anaphylaxis

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Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid (Augmentin)

Complicated respiratory tract infections

Mild intraabdominal infections

Mild Bacteroides infections

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Ampicillin-sulbactam (IV)

Complicated respiratory tract infections

Serious intraabdominal infections

Serious Bacteroides infections

Sulbactam for Acinetobacter infections

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Piperacillin-tazobactam (IV)

Pseudomonas infection (e.g. pneumonia)

Complicated intraabdominal infections (with Pseudomonas)

Complicated Diabetic foot ulcer (with Pseudomonas)

Ceftolozane-tazobactam (IV)

Multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter infections

Ceftazidime-avibactam (IV)

Multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter infections

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaece (CPE)

Meropenem-Vaborbactam (IV)

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaece (CPE, e.g. KPC-producing Klebsiella, E. coli)

Multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter infections

Vancomycin (IV)

MRSA infections; Clostridium difficile infection outside of the gut

Alternative to appropriate beta-lactams in patients with documented anaphylaxis reaction to penicillins

Vancomycin (PO)

Clostridium difficile infections in the gut

Telavancin, oritavancin, dalbavancin (IV)

Complicated skin and skin tissue infections with MRSA

Fosfomycin (PO)

Uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection (e.g. cystitis)

Bacitracin (Dermatological)

Topical skin infection

Daptomycin (IV)

MRSA and VRE infections in blood and infective endocarditis treatment DO NOT USE in lung infections (pneumonia)

Colistin (IV)

Pseudomonas or Acinetobacter infections as a last-line option

Clindamycin (PO, IV)

Bacteroides infections ALTERNATIVE treatment for MSSA and Streptoccci infections ALTERNATIVE treatment for MRSA (community-acquired) infections with NEGATIVE D-test results

Azithromycin (Zithromax, PO, IV) | Clarithromycin (Biaxin, PO)

Atypical bacteria infections (Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Legionella) such as community-acquired pneumonia and sexually transmitted infections Special:Some post-antibiotic effect Drug Interactions with CPY3A4

Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Amikacin) IV

Pseudomonas Infections Serious urinary tract infection by Gram Negative bacteria Gentamicin only: Adjuvant therapy for infective endocarditis Amikacin only: Tuberculosis (AFB, TB) Special:IMPORTANT post-antibiotic effect Extended interval dosing

Doxycycline, Minocycline (PO, IV)

Atypical bacteria infections (Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Legionella) such as community-acquired pneumonia and sexually transmitted infections Mild skin and skin tissue infections Special: Ca/Mg cation interactions

Tigecycline (IV) Eravacycline (IV) | Omadacycline (IV, PO)

Multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter infections No Pseudomonas infection Not for blood infections Special: High risk of death in Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)

Linezolid (Zyvox) Tedizolid (Sivextro) | IV, PO

VRE, MRSA, MSSA, Streptococci infections Special: MAO-Inhibitor activity (Serotonin syndrome)

Chloramphenicol (PO, IV)

Broad spectrum Special:Not commonly used in the US

Nitrofurantoin | (Macrobid, Macrodantin) PO

Lower urinary tract infection (cystitis only)

Isoniazid (INH) PO

Mycobacterium (AFB) ONLY – Tuberculosis

Pyrazinamide (PZA) PO

Mycobacterium (AFB) ONLY – Tuberculosis

Ethambutol (EMB) PO

Mycobacterium (AFB) ONLY – Tuberculosis

Rifampin (RIF) PO

Mycobacterium (AFB) ONLY – Tuberculosis Adjuvant therapy for infective endocarditis Special:Body fluid staining red/orange

Fidoxamycin PO

Clostridium difficile infection in the gut

Metronidazole (Flagyl, PO/IV)

Obligate anaerobes only (Bacteroides fragilis; Clostridium difficile?) Special:No alcohol

Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (Bactrim, Septra) PO/IV

Uncomplicated cystitis (Lower UTI) Community-acquired MRSA skin infection Traveler’s diarrhea ``` Pneumocystic jiroveci (PCP) infection Toxoplasma infection ``` Special: Sulfonamide hypersensitivity Drug Interactions with CPY3A4

Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) PO/IV

Pseudomonas infection Urinary tract infection (Pyelonephritis/cystitis) Intraabdominal infection Gastrointestinal infection Special: Ca/Mg cation interactions

Levofloxacin (Levaquin) PO/IV

Pseudomonas infection Urinary tract infection (Pyelonephritis/cystitis) Intraabdominal infection Gastrointestinal infection Pneumonia Special: Ca/Mg cation interactions

Moxifloxacin (Avelox) PO/IV

Intraabdominal infection Pneumonia Mild Bacteroides infection NO urinary tract infection!! Special: Ca/Mg cation interactions