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Block 1.11 Lees Stuff > Drug Indications > Flashcards

Drug Indications Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillin V

A

Streptococcal infections (upper respiratory tract infections, e.g. Pharyngitis)

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2
Q

Penicillin G (non-oral)

A

Drug of choice for syphilis (Treponema pallidum)

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3
Q

Amoxicillin (Amoxil)

A

Streptococcal infections (e.g. Pharyngitis, otitis media)

Prophylaxis for high risk infective endocarditis patients for dental procedures

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4
Q

Ampicillin (IV)

A

Similar to amoxicillin

Drug of choice for Listeria

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5
Q

Dicloxicillin (PO)

A

MSSA infections (e.g. Uncomplicated skin and skin tissue infection)

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6
Q

Oxacillin, nafcillin (IV)

A

MSSA infections (e.g. Serious skin and skin tissue infection), bacteremia, infective endocarditis

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7
Q

Piperacillin (IV)

A

Pseudomonas Infections (e.g. pneumonia, bacteremia, etc)

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8
Q

1st generation cephalosporins (Cefazolin, Keflex)

A

MSSA and Streptococci infections of the upper respiratory tract (e.g. skin/skin tissue infection)

Uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection
Specific to Cefazolin: Surgery prophylaxis

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9
Q

2nd generation cephalosporins

Ceftin, Cefuroxime

A

Streptococci infection (e.g. upper respiratory tract infection) in children

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10
Q

2nd generation cephalosporins: Cefotetan

A

Abdominal surgery prophylaxis (Bacteroides activity)

Special:
MTT side chain
7-Methoxy group

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11
Q

3rd generation cephalosporin: Ceftriaxone (IV)

Cefotaxime (IV)

A 
Gonorrhea (Intramuscular, IM)
Respiratory tract infections 
Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
Bacterial meningitis
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (intraabdominal infections)
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12
Q

3rd generation cephalosporins

Omicef, Vantin

A

Respiratory tract infections
Gastrointestinal infections
Lower urinary tract infection (cystitis)

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13
Q

4th generation cephalosporin

Cefpime

A

Pseudomonas infections (e.g. pneumonia), Acinetobacter infections

SPACE-bugs infections
Neutropenic fever

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14
Q

5th generation cephalosporin

Ceftaroline

A

MRSA infections (e.g. Pneumonia, bacteremia, complicated skin infections)

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15
Q

Anti-Pseudomonal Carbapenems:

Doripenem, Meropenem, Imipenem-cilastatin

A 
Pseudomonas infection (e.g. pneumonia)
Neutropenic fever

Alternative drugs for Bacterioides infections (e.g. complicated intra-abdominal infections, diabetic foot ulcers)

SPACE bugs infection

Special: Drug interaction with valproic acid

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16
Q

Non-Anti-Pseudomonal Carbapenems: Ertapenem

A

Bacterioides infections (e.g. complicated intra-abdominal infections, diabetic foot ulcers)

Complicated skin and skin tissue infections

Special: Drug interaction with valproic acid

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17
Q

Monobactam: Aztreonam

A

Pseudomonas infection (e.g. pneumonia) or Gram Negative Bacterial infections SPECIFICALLY for patients with documented PENICILLIN anaphylaxis

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18
Q

Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid (Augmentin)

A

Complicated respiratory tract infections

Mild intraabdominal infections

Mild Bacteroides infections

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19
Q

Ampicillin-sulbactam (IV)

A

Complicated respiratory tract infections

Serious intraabdominal infections

Serious Bacteroides infections

Sulbactam for Acinetobacter infections

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20
Q

Piperacillin-tazobactam (IV)

A

Pseudomonas infection (e.g. pneumonia)

Complicated intraabdominal infections (with Pseudomonas)

Complicated Diabetic foot ulcer (with Pseudomonas)

21
Q

Ceftolozane-tazobactam (IV)

A

Multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter infections

22
Q

Ceftazidime-avibactam (IV)

A

Multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter infections

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaece (CPE)

23
Q

Meropenem-Vaborbactam (IV)

A

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaece (CPE, e.g. KPC-producing Klebsiella, E. coli)

Multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter infections

24
Q

Vancomycin (IV)

A

MRSA infections; Clostridium difficile infection outside of the gut

Alternative to appropriate beta-lactams in patients with documented anaphylaxis reaction to penicillins

25
Q

Vancomycin (PO)

A

Clostridium difficile infections in the gut

26
Q

Telavancin, oritavancin, dalbavancin (IV)

A

Complicated skin and skin tissue infections with MRSA

27
Q

Fosfomycin (PO)

A

Uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection (e.g. cystitis)

28
Q

Bacitracin (Dermatological)

A

Topical skin infection

29
Q

Daptomycin (IV)

A

MRSA and VRE infections in blood and infective endocarditis treatment

DO NOT USE in lung infections (pneumonia)

30
Q

Colistin (IV)

A

Pseudomonas or Acinetobacter infections as a last-line option

31
Q

Clindamycin (PO, IV)

A

Bacteroides infections

ALTERNATIVE treatment for MSSA and Streptoccci infections

ALTERNATIVE treatment for MRSA (community-acquired) infections with NEGATIVE D-test results

32
Q

Azithromycin (Zithromax, PO, IV)

Clarithromycin (Biaxin, PO)

A

Atypical bacteria infections (Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Legionella) such as community-acquired pneumonia and sexually transmitted infections

Special:Some post-antibiotic effect
Drug Interactions with CPY3A4

33
Q

Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Amikacin) IV

A

Pseudomonas Infections

Serious urinary tract infection by Gram Negative bacteria

Gentamicin only: Adjuvant therapy for infective endocarditis

Amikacin only: Tuberculosis (AFB, TB)

Special:IMPORTANT post-antibiotic effect
Extended interval dosing

34
Q

Doxycycline, Minocycline (PO, IV)

A

Atypical bacteria infections (Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Legionella) such as community-acquired pneumonia and sexually transmitted infections

Mild skin and skin tissue infections

Special: Ca/Mg cation interactions

35
Q

Tigecycline (IV) Eravacycline (IV)

Omadacycline (IV, PO)

A

Multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter infections

No Pseudomonas infection

Not for blood infections

Special: High risk of death in Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)

36
Q

Linezolid (Zyvox) Tedizolid (Sivextro)

IV, PO

A

VRE, MRSA, MSSA, Streptococci infections

Special: MAO-Inhibitor activity (Serotonin syndrome)

37
Q

Chloramphenicol (PO, IV)

A

Broad spectrum

Special:Not commonly used in the US

38
Q

Nitrofurantoin

(Macrobid, Macrodantin) PO

A

Lower urinary tract infection (cystitis only)

39
Q

Isoniazid (INH) PO

A

Mycobacterium (AFB) ONLY – Tuberculosis

40
Q

Pyrazinamide (PZA) PO

A

Mycobacterium (AFB) ONLY – Tuberculosis

41
Q

Ethambutol (EMB) PO

A

Mycobacterium (AFB) ONLY – Tuberculosis

42
Q

Rifampin (RIF) PO

A

Mycobacterium (AFB) ONLY – Tuberculosis
Adjuvant therapy for infective endocarditis

Special:Body fluid staining red/orange

43
Q

Fidoxamycin PO

A

Clostridium difficile infection in the gut

44
Q

Metronidazole (Flagyl, PO/IV)

A

Obligate anaerobes only (Bacteroides fragilis; Clostridium difficile?)

Special:No alcohol

45
Q

Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (Bactrim, Septra) PO/IV

A

Uncomplicated cystitis (Lower UTI)

Community-acquired MRSA skin infection

Traveler’s diarrhea

Pneumocystic jiroveci (PCP) infection
Toxoplasma infection

Special: Sulfonamide hypersensitivity
Drug Interactions with CPY3A4

46
Q

Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) PO/IV

A

Pseudomonas infection

Urinary tract infection (Pyelonephritis/cystitis)

Intraabdominal
infection

Gastrointestinal infection

Special: Ca/Mg cation interactions

47
Q

Levofloxacin (Levaquin) PO/IV

A

Pseudomonas infection

Urinary tract infection (Pyelonephritis/cystitis)

Intraabdominal infection

Gastrointestinal infection

Pneumonia

Special: Ca/Mg cation interactions

48
Q

Moxifloxacin (Avelox) PO/IV

A

Intraabdominal infection

Pneumonia

Mild Bacteroides infection

NO urinary tract infection!!

Special: Ca/Mg cation interactions

Block 1.11 Lees Stuff (5 decks)

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