Drug Groups By Ax Flashcards
Action of ED meds
Therapeutic Effects: Enhanced blood flow to the corpus cavernosum and erection sufficient to allow sexual intercourse. Requires sexual stimulation.
Sildenafil (Viagra):
- Enhances effects of nitric oxide released during sexual stimulation.
- Nitric oxide activates guanylate cyclase, which produces increased levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)
Vardenafil (Levitra) & Tadalafil (Cialis):
-Increases (cGMP) levels by inhibiting phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) an enzyme responsible for the breakdown of cGMP.
cGMP produces smooth muscle relaxation of the corpus cavernosum, which in turn promotes increased blood flow and subsequent erection.
Action of Corticosteroids (antiinflammatory)
Therapeutic effects: Decreases frequency and severity of asthma attacks. Improves asthma symptoms.
Beclomethasone
Fluticasone
Mometasone
Potent, locally acting anti-inflammatory and immune modifier
Action of Alpha Blockers (antihypertensives)
Therapeutic Effects: Lowering of BP. Increased urine flow and decreased symptoms of BPH.
Doxazosin (Cardura)
Prazosin (Minipress)
Terazosin (Hytrin)
Dilates both arteries and veins by blocking postsynaptic alpha1-adrenergic receptors.
Decreases contractions in smooth muscle of prostatic capsule.
Action of penicillins (antiinfectives)
Therapeutic Effects: Bactericidal action; spectrum is broader than penicillins.
Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
Penicillin
Binds to bacterial cell wall, causing cell death.
Spectrum: Active against: Streptococci, Pneumococci, Enterococci, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Neisseria meningitidis, N. gonorrhoeae, Shigella, Chlamydia trachomatis, Salmonella, Borrelia burgdorferi, H. pylori.
Action of calcium channel blockers (antihypertensives)
Therapeutic Effects: Systemic vasodilation resulting in decreased BP. Coronary vasodilation resulting in decreased frequency and severity of attacks of angina.
Amlodipine (Norvasc)
Felodipine (Plendill)
Nifedipine (Procardia)
-Inhibits the transport of calcium into myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cells, resulting in inhibition of excitation-contraction coupling and subsequent contraction.
Action of Beta Blockers (antihypertensives, antianginals)
Therapeutic Effects: Decreased BP and heart rate. Decreased frequency of attacks of angina pectoris. Prevention of MI.
Atenolol (Tenormin)
Metoprolol (Lopressor)
Propranolol (Inderal)
Blocks stimulation of beta1(myocardial)-adrenergic receptors. Does not usually affect beta2(pulmonary, vascular, uterine)-receptor sites.
Action of Antianxiety Medications
Therapeutic Effects: Relief of anxiety. Sedation. Amnesia. Skeletal muscle relaxation. Decreased seizure activity. Antidepression action (Citalopram).
Diazepam (Valium):
- Depresses the CNS by potentiating GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter.
- Produces skeletal muscle relaxation by inhibiting spinal polysynaptic afferent pathways.
- Has anticonvulsant properties due to enhanced presynaptic inhibition
Lorazepam (Ativan):
Depresses the CNS by potentiating GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter.
Citalopram (Celexa):
Selectively inhibits the reuptake of serotonin in the CNS.
Ax of ACE inhibitors
Therapeutic effects: lowering of BP in pts w/ HTN
Benazepril Captopril Enalapril Lisinopril Ramipril
Action: Block the conversion of angiotensin I to the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. Net result is systemic vasodilation.
Ax of anti-infectives: macrolides
Therapeutic Effects: Bacteriostatic action against susceptible bacteria
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Erythromycin
Action: Inhibits protein synthesis at the level of the 50S bacterial ribosome.
Ax of anti-lipemics
Ther- apeutic Effects: Lowering of total and LDL cholesterol and triglycerides. Slightly increases HDL cholesterol. Reduction of lipids/cholesterol reduces the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke sequelae. Slows the progression of coronary atherosclerosis with resultant decrease in coronary heart disease – related events.
Inhibits coenzyme HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme which is responsible for catalyzing an early step in the synthesis of cholesterol.
Atorvastatin Fluvastatin Lovastatin Pravastatin Rosuvastatin Simvastatin
Ax of anti-ulcer agents
Therapeutic Effects: Healing and prevention of ulcers. Decreased symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux. Decreased secretion of gastric acid.
Inhibits the action of histamine at the H2-receptor site located primarily in gastric parietal cells, resulting in inhibition of gastric acid secretion.
Cimetidine
Famotidine
Ranitidine
Ax of anti-infectives: antivirals
Therapeutic Effects: Inhibition of viral replication, decreased viral shedding, and reduced time for healing of lesions.
Interferes with viral DNA synthesis.
Acyclovir
Oseltamivir
Valacyclovir
