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PHAR0002 > Drug Examples > Flashcards

Drug Examples Flashcards

1
Q

Gabapentin

A

Used in the treatment of epilepsy
Blocks presynaptic Ca2+ channels - decreasing release of glutamate - decreases excitation

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2
Q

Carbamazepine

A

Used in treatment of epilepsy - decreases excitation
Blocks postsynaptic Na+ channels - preventing AP generation

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3
Q

What are Benzodiazepines & Barbiturates examples of?

A

CNS depressants

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4
Q

Ketamine & PCP are…

A

Dissociative anaesthetics

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5
Q

Opium, heroin, fentanyl & oxyContin are…

A

Narcotic analgesics

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6
Q

LSD, mescaline, DMT, psilocybin, MDMA are…

A

Hallucinogens

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7
Q

Nitrous oxide, amyl nitrite, lighter gas & household aerosols are…

A

Inhalants

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8
Q

Cocaine, amphetamine, nicotine, MDMA are…

A

CNS stimulants

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9
Q

3 examples of NDC neuromuscular blockers

A

Tubocurarine
Pancuronium
Gallamine
Alcuronium
Atracurium
Vecuronium

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10
Q

2 examples of DNC neuromuscular blockers

A

Suxamethonium
Decamethonium

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11
Q

Suxamethonium

A

DNC neuromuscular blocker

Used in intubation

Scoline apnoea - individuals with mutant esterases which cannot metabolise suxamethonium

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12
Q

EDTA (chelating agent)

A

Used in treating lead poisoning - binds to lead and forms a less toxic chelate

Example of chemical antagonism

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13
Q

Salbutamol

A

Used in the treatment of asthma

Artificial adrenoceptor agonist - activates adrenoceptors in the lungs, causes the relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle

Targets b2 adrenoceptors found in the lungs rather than b1 adrenoceptors found in the heart - so the heart doesn’t race

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14
Q

Sulfonamides & sulfones

A

Antimalarial drugs which inhibit dihydropteroate synthase

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15
Q

Proguanil & pyrimethamine

A

Anti-malarial drugs which inhibit dihydrofolate reductase

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16
Q

Chloroquine, quinine, mefloquine

A

Antimalarial drugs
Inhibit haem polymerase - therefore preventing parasites from polymerising (toxic) haem to insoluble hemozoin

17
Q

Artemisinin (usually used in combination therapy, e.g. Artesunate & mefloquine)

A

Anti-malarial drug
Treats malaria with highly drug-resistant strains
Believed to work through a redox mechanism

18
Q

AZT, Lamivudine, Abacavir

A

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTs)
Anti-HIV drugs

19
Q

Nevirapine, efavirenz, delavirdine

A

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTs)
Non-competitive, bind to allosteric site - induces conformational change to active site - preventing activity of RT

20
Q

Saquinavir, ritonavir, indinavir

A

Anti-HIV drugs
Protease inhibitors
Prevent cleavage of propeptide into structural proteins

21
Q

Varenicline

A

Smoking cessation therapy

Partial agonist of alpha-4, beta-2 nAChRs - causes a moderate & sustained increase in mesolimbic dopamine levels

Competitive binding with nicotine may reduce rewarding properties of nicotine during a relapse

22
Q

Disulfiram

A

Medication used to treat chronic alcoholism

Creates an unpleasant reaction when alcohol is consumed

Inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase (which breaks down acetaldehyde —> acetic acid) in the liver
Causing a build-up of acetaldehyde, a toxic substance that causes symptoms such as flushing, nausea & vomiting

23
Q

Statins

A

Given to many patients to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease

*statin-induced myopathy (muscle pain)

24
Q

Suxamethonium, Decamethonium, suxethonium

A

DNC neuromuscular blockers

25
Q

Streptomycin, neomycin, kanamycin

A

Aminoglycoside antibiotics

26
Q

Tetraethylammonium (TEA)
4-aminopyridine

A

K+ channel blockers

27
Q

Lecanemab (antibody therapy)

A

Recently developed treatment for AD

Targets amyloid accumulation directly - decreases amyloid plaques
Thus slowing onset / progression of symptoms of cognitive decline

28
Q

Carbidopa

A

AADC inhibitor

Used in combination with L-DOPA precursor in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease

Prevents the conversion of L-DOPA to dopamine in the periphery so that it can cross the blood-brain barrier

29
Q

Pramipexole, ropinirole, bromocriptine

A

Used in treatment of Parkinson’s disease
D2 receptor agonists - mimic the effects of dopamine in the brain by binding to dopamine receptors

30
Q

Tolcapone

A

Used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease

(Central) COMT inhibitor
Decreases metabolism of dopamine

31
Q

Tiagabine

A

Used in the treatment of epilepsy
Blocks GABA re-uptake - increasing inhibition

32
Q

Chlorpromazine

A

Used in the treatment of schizophrenia

D2 (metabotrophic, postsynaptic) receptor antagonist - decreases effects of excess dopamine signalling

33
Q

Clozapine

A

Example of ‘atypical antipsychotics used in the treatment of schizophrenia

Antagonise D2 & 5-HT2A receptors
(Also work on negative symptoms)

PHAR0002 (20 decks)

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