Drug discovery 6a Flashcards
what is the atomic mass?
number of protons + number of neutrons
what is the atomic number ?
number of protons in the nucleus
what are the number of protons equal to in an atom?
number of electrons
what do the atomic number and molecular mass enable ?
enable a schematic drawing of an atom to be produced
what are radioactive isotopes used for ?
to label ligands for binding assays
how are electrons organised in an atom ?
they are organised into electron shells
- each level down an additional shell is added
- first shell only contains 2 electrons while 2nd and 3rd can contain 8
- electrons only occupy the next shell once the previous one has become full
atoms prefer to have a full electron shell so what does this mean ?
it means if they dont have a full electron shell they will either donate or share electrons
atoms are more stable when they have a full outer shell of electrons - therefore group 8 elements are notoriously stable, unreactive
when is formed when atoms donate or accept electrons ?
ionic bonding
what is covalent bonding ?
it is the sharing of electrons to form full outer electron shells
what are lone pairs?
electron pairs that remain unshared in a molecules
what do lone pairs cause?
they are important for defining the shape of the molecule and also forming electrostatic interactions
what is the bond angle between the hydrogen atoms in methane and what shape is this molecule?
109.5 degrees
produces a tetrahedral shape around the central atom - this is an ideal shape but it can vary in non-symmetrical molecules like water
what is the bond angle between the hydrogen atoms in water ?
104.5 degrees
what do lone pairs that are next to each other do ?
they repel each other
how many outer electrons does a nitrogen atom have and what does this mean ?
it have 5 outer shell electrons
shares 3 of them to produce 1 lone pair