Drug Development Flashcards
Issue with drug development
Drug development timelines are very long (and very costly)
How many human proteins are targeted by approved small molecule drugs?
Fewer than 700.
Name one key family targeted by small molecule drugs.
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs).
Which family of proteins includes ion flow regulators?
Ion channels.
Why does membership in specific protein families increase drug development success?
Because they are common targets for approved drugs.
why can antibiotics be good for microbes
Antibiotics give microbes an advantage when competing for food and water and other limited resources in a particular habitat, as it kills off their competition.
What is acetylcholine synthesized from?
Choline and acetyl-CoA.
What enzyme breaks down acetylcholine at the synapse?
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE).
Name two substances that interact with cholinergic pathways and their sources.
Muscarine from Amanita muscaria.
Nicotine from Nicotiana tabacum.
What type of receptors does acetylcholine bind to on the postsynaptic membrane?
Acetylcholine receptors.
What is the role of mitochondria in acetylcholine synthesis?
Mitochondria provide acetyl-CoA for the synthesis of acetylcholine
What class of drugs is used for angina in cardiovascular diseases?
Beta-adrenoceptor antagonists (Beta blockers).
What is the therapeutic use of histamine H2 receptor antagonists?
Treatment of duodenal ulcers.
How do histamine H2 receptor antagonists work in treating duodenal ulcers?
By reducing gastric acid secretion.
What is the mechanism of action of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists in angina?
They reduce heart rate and myocardial oxygen demand.
gene therapy
