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Preprogram Material - UMKC MSA > Drug Descriptions > Flashcards

Drug Descriptions Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main effects of versed?

A

sedation and amnesia

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2
Q

most common pain medication given to patients undergoing surgery

A

fentanyl

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3
Q

what does the anesthetist use to guide narcotic dosing of fentanyl?

A

respiratory rate
Fast RR= pain
Slow RR= comfort

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4
Q

This drug is commonly dosed in the PACU

A

morphine sulfate

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5
Q

NSAID that causes pain relief without causing respiratory depression

A

ketorolac

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6
Q

most common drug to induce general anesthesia

A

propofol

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7
Q

induces general anesthesia without causing a drop in blood pressure

A

etomidate

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8
Q

associated with adrenal suppression and PONV

A

etomidate

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9
Q

causes a drop in blood pressure and profound respiratory depressant and bag masking a patient should be readily available with this drug

A

propofol

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10
Q

what are the two types of acetylcholine receptors?

A

nicotinic and muscarinic

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11
Q

Where are nicotinic receptors found?

A

skeletal muscle

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12
Q

Which drugs affect nicotinic receptors?

A

succinylcholine, rocuronium, neostigmine, and sugammadex

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13
Q

Ach can bind muscarinic receptors on which organs?

A

heart, lungs, GI tract, eyes, salivary glands

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14
Q

what is/are the neurotransmitter(s) for the sympathetic nervous system?

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

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15
Q

What effect does Ach have on the heart and lungs?

A

bradycardia and bronchoconstriction

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16
Q

Describe how a muscle contracts.

A

when a presynaptic nerve is stimulated it releases Ach into the neuromuscular junction and the muscle contracts when Ach binds to the postjunctional nicotinic Ach receptors on the muscle

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17
Q

which drug(s) bind(s) to nicotinic receptors and block them from binding Ach?

A

rocuronium/ nondepolarizing muscle relaxants

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18
Q

Acetylcholinesterase breaks down Ach into what?

A

choline and acetic acid

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19
Q

this drug prevents acetylcholinesterase from doing its job and floods the neuromuscular junction with Ach

A

neostigmine

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20
Q

This drug encapsulates nondepolarizing muscle relaxants so it can’t bind postjunctional receptors

A

sugammadex

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21
Q

Which drug(s) block muscarinic receptors?

A

glycopyrrolate (Robinul) and atropine

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22
Q

Which drug(s) block the parasympathetic input from the body and cause sympathetic effects?

A

robinul and atropine

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23
Q

This drug is usually administered with Neostigmine

A

Robinul

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24
Q

This drug is a much better reversal agent than Neostigmine and is typically used where top notch reversal is essential.

A

sugammadex

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25
Q

Binds to postjunctional receptors and is shaped like Ach and causes intense muscle contraction leading to muscle fatigue and reaches a state of “maximum contraction” and therefore cannot contract anymore

A

succinylcholine

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26
Q

True/False. There is nothing an anesthetist can do to reverse the effects of succinylcholine other than to just wait.

A

True

27
Q

What is the main use of succinylcholine?

A

paralyze, relax, the vocal cords prior to intubation .
It is used for full stomach patients and ideal for situations where a breathing tube needs to be inserted as fast as possible. It is short acting so it is not used to keep a patient paralyzed during surgery

28
Q

What is a popular drug for maintaining muscle paralysis throughout surgeries that require muscle paralysis?

A

rocuronium; has a longer onset and longer duration of action than succinylchoine. still have to bag mask the patient for a minute or two after drug is given

29
Q

What are the two main effects of antimuscarinic drugs?

A
  1. ) increase heart rate in bradycardic patients (block muscarinic receptors)
  2. ) block parasympathetic effects of neostigmine
30
Q

more commonly used to treat profound, emergent, bradycardia

A

atropine

31
Q

treats nausea by blocking serotonin 5HT3 receptors

A

ondansetron

32
Q

antiemetic, upper Gi stimulant. indicated for full stomach patients

A

metoclopramide

33
Q

antiemetic steroid. can be used to treat swelling after intubation trauma

A

dexamethasone

34
Q

alpha 1 agonist

causes vasconstriction, increases blood pressure, and cause “reflex bradycardia”

A

phenylephrine

35
Q

treats patients with low blood pressure and adequate heart rate and avoided for bradycardic patients

A

phenylephrine

36
Q

causes an increase in blood pressure and increase in heart rate

A

ephedrine

37
Q

given to patients who have hypotension and bradycardic

A

ephedrine

38
Q

drug that displays an effect on epinephrine

A

adrenergic

39
Q

sedative

A

anxiolytic

40
Q

decrease pain

A

analgesic

41
Q

any chemical produced in the adrenal medulla, usually refers to epinephrine or norepinephrine

A

catecholamine

42
Q

drug that works on the acetylcholine receptor

A

cholinergic

43
Q

drug that infuses slowly over a period of time at a constant rate

A

infusion

44
Q

drug that increases cardiac contractility

A

inotrope

45
Q

injection into the subarachnoid space, “spinal” anesthesia

A

intrathecal injection

46
Q

larger dose given prior to an infusion (in an effort to speed up the onset)

A

loading dose

47
Q

provides analgesia only to the area of injection (not to the entire body)

A

local anesthetic

48
Q

dose required to achieve a given effect in 50% of the population. the “MAC” value for IV drugs

A

median effective dose (ED50)

49
Q

dose that causes death in 50% of the population

A

median lethal dose (LD50)

50
Q

addictive substance that decreases pain, induces sedation, and decreases respiratory drive

A

narcotic

51
Q

synthetic narcotic resembling naturally occurring opiates

A

opioid

52
Q

a narcotic that contains opium and any substance that binds to opiate receptors

A

opiate

53
Q

a narcotic substance extracted from leaves

A

opium

54
Q

increases HR, BP or both

A

sympathomimetic

55
Q

What are the three steps for titration?

A
  1. ) start with a lower initial dose
  2. ) the dose is increased until the desired effect is achieved
  3. ) the dose is reduced if the drug goes beyond the desired effect
56
Q

compares the amount of a drug that causes a therapeutic effect to the amount that causes toxicity

A

therapeutic index

57
Q

true/false: a drug with a small therapeutic index has a “narrow therapeutic range”

A

true

58
Q

true/false: a drug with a higher therapeutic dose is considered dangerous

A

false; higher TI=safer

59
Q

antimuscarinic

A

vagolytic

60
Q

dilates blood vessels and decreases BP

A

vasodilator

61
Q

constricts blood vessels and increases BP

A

vasopressor

62
Q

Name all 6 things activation of sympathetic nervous system leads to.

A
  1. ) increased heart rate
  2. ) increased BP
  3. ) bronchodilation
  4. ) pupil dilation (mydriasis)
  5. ) gastroparesis (inhibition of peristalsis)
  6. ) dry mouth
63
Q

Name all 5 things activation of parasympathetic nervous system leads to.

A
  1. ) decreased HR
  2. ) bronchoconstriction
  3. ) pupil constriction (miosis)
  4. ) peristalsis
  5. ) airway secretions/saliva
64
Q

what are the three main uses of lidocaine?

A
  1. ) to reduce the burning sensation caused by the IV from propofol
  2. ) decrease in the cough reflex associated with intubation
  3. ) it is antiarrhythmic, which can be used to treat certain irregular heart beats/rhythms

Preprogram Material - UMKC MSA (2 decks)

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