Drug Descriptions

Question 1

What are the two main effects of versed?

Answer 1

sedation and amnesia

Question 2

most common pain medication given to patients undergoing surgery

Answer 2

fentanyl

Question 3

what does the anesthetist use to guide narcotic dosing of fentanyl?

Answer 3

respiratory rate
Fast RR= pain
Slow RR= comfort

Question 4

This drug is commonly dosed in the PACU

Answer 4

morphine sulfate

Question 5

NSAID that causes pain relief without causing respiratory depression

Answer 5

ketorolac

Question 6

most common drug to induce general anesthesia

Answer 6

propofol

Question 7

induces general anesthesia without causing a drop in blood pressure

Answer 7

etomidate

Question 8

associated with adrenal suppression and PONV

Answer 8

etomidate

Question 9

causes a drop in blood pressure and profound respiratory depressant and bag masking a patient should be readily available with this drug

Answer 9

propofol

Question 10

what are the two types of acetylcholine receptors?

Answer 10

nicotinic and muscarinic

Question 11

Where are nicotinic receptors found?

Answer 11

skeletal muscle

Question 12

Which drugs affect nicotinic receptors?

Answer 12

succinylcholine, rocuronium, neostigmine, and sugammadex

Question 13

Ach can bind muscarinic receptors on which organs?

Answer 13

heart, lungs, GI tract, eyes, salivary glands

Question 14

what is/are the neurotransmitter(s) for the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 14

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 15

What effect does Ach have on the heart and lungs?

Answer 15

bradycardia and bronchoconstriction

Question 16

Describe how a muscle contracts.

Answer 16

when a presynaptic nerve is stimulated it releases Ach into the neuromuscular junction and the muscle contracts when Ach binds to the postjunctional nicotinic Ach receptors on the muscle

Question 17

which drug(s) bind(s) to nicotinic receptors and block them from binding Ach?

Answer 17

rocuronium/ nondepolarizing muscle relaxants

Question 18

Acetylcholinesterase breaks down Ach into what?

Answer 18

choline and acetic acid

Question 19

this drug prevents acetylcholinesterase from doing its job and floods the neuromuscular junction with Ach

Answer 19

neostigmine

Question 20

This drug encapsulates nondepolarizing muscle relaxants so it can’t bind postjunctional receptors

Answer 20

sugammadex

Question 21

Which drug(s) block muscarinic receptors?

Answer 21

glycopyrrolate (Robinul) and atropine

Question 22

Which drug(s) block the parasympathetic input from the body and cause sympathetic effects?

Answer 22

robinul and atropine

Question 23

This drug is usually administered with Neostigmine

Answer 23

Robinul

Question 24

This drug is a much better reversal agent than Neostigmine and is typically used where top notch reversal is essential.

Answer 24

sugammadex

Question 25

Binds to postjunctional receptors and is shaped like Ach and causes intense muscle contraction leading to muscle fatigue and reaches a state of "maximum contraction" and therefore cannot contract anymore

Answer 25

succinylcholine

Question 26

True/False. There is nothing an anesthetist can do to reverse the effects of succinylcholine other than to just wait.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

What is the main use of succinylcholine?

Answer 27

paralyze, relax, the vocal cords prior to intubation . It is used for full stomach patients and ideal for situations where a breathing tube needs to be inserted as fast as possible. It is short acting so it is not used to keep a patient paralyzed during surgery

Question 28

What is a popular drug for maintaining muscle paralysis throughout surgeries that require muscle paralysis?

Answer 28

rocuronium; has a longer onset and longer duration of action than succinylchoine. still have to bag mask the patient for a minute or two after drug is given

Question 29

What are the two main effects of antimuscarinic drugs?

Answer 29

1. ) increase heart rate in bradycardic patients (block muscarinic receptors) 2. ) block parasympathetic effects of neostigmine

Question 30

more commonly used to treat profound, emergent, bradycardia

Answer 30

atropine

Question 31

treats nausea by blocking serotonin 5HT3 receptors

Answer 31

ondansetron

Question 32

antiemetic, upper Gi stimulant. indicated for full stomach patients

Answer 32

metoclopramide

Question 33

antiemetic steroid. can be used to treat swelling after intubation trauma

Answer 33

dexamethasone

Question 34

alpha 1 agonist | causes vasconstriction, increases blood pressure, and cause "reflex bradycardia"

Answer 34

phenylephrine

Question 35

treats patients with low blood pressure and adequate heart rate and avoided for bradycardic patients

Answer 35

phenylephrine

Question 36

causes an increase in blood pressure and increase in heart rate

Answer 36

ephedrine

Question 37

given to patients who have hypotension and bradycardic

Answer 37

ephedrine

Question 38

drug that displays an effect on epinephrine

Answer 38

adrenergic

Question 39

sedative

Answer 39

anxiolytic

Question 40

decrease pain

Answer 40

analgesic

Question 41

any chemical produced in the adrenal medulla, usually refers to epinephrine or norepinephrine

Answer 41

catecholamine

Question 42

drug that works on the acetylcholine receptor

Answer 42

cholinergic

Question 43

drug that infuses slowly over a period of time at a constant rate

Answer 43

infusion

Question 44

drug that increases cardiac contractility

Answer 44

inotrope

Question 45

injection into the subarachnoid space, "spinal" anesthesia

Answer 45

intrathecal injection

Question 46

larger dose given prior to an infusion (in an effort to speed up the onset)

Answer 46

loading dose

Question 47

provides analgesia only to the area of injection (not to the entire body)

Answer 47

local anesthetic

Question 48

dose required to achieve a given effect in 50% of the population. the "MAC" value for IV drugs

Answer 48

median effective dose (ED50)

Question 49

dose that causes death in 50% of the population

Answer 49

median lethal dose (LD50)

Question 50

addictive substance that decreases pain, induces sedation, and decreases respiratory drive

Answer 50

narcotic

Question 51

synthetic narcotic resembling naturally occurring opiates

Answer 51

opioid

Question 52

a narcotic that contains opium and any substance that binds to opiate receptors

Answer 52

opiate

Question 53

a narcotic substance extracted from leaves

Answer 53

opium

Question 54

increases HR, BP or both

Answer 54

sympathomimetic

Question 55

What are the three steps for titration?

Answer 55

1. ) start with a lower initial dose 2. ) the dose is increased until the desired effect is achieved 3. ) the dose is reduced if the drug goes beyond the desired effect

Question 56

compares the amount of a drug that causes a therapeutic effect to the amount that causes toxicity

Answer 56

therapeutic index

Question 57

true/false: a drug with a small therapeutic index has a "narrow therapeutic range"

Answer 57

true

Question 58

true/false: a drug with a higher therapeutic dose is considered dangerous

Answer 58

false; higher TI=safer

Question 59

antimuscarinic

Answer 59

vagolytic

Question 60

dilates blood vessels and decreases BP

Answer 60

vasodilator

Question 61

constricts blood vessels and increases BP

Answer 61

vasopressor

Question 62

Name all 6 things activation of sympathetic nervous system leads to.

Answer 62

1. ) increased heart rate 2. ) increased BP 3. ) bronchodilation 4. ) pupil dilation (mydriasis) 5. ) gastroparesis (inhibition of peristalsis) 6. ) dry mouth

Question 63

Name all 5 things activation of parasympathetic nervous system leads to.

Answer 63

1. ) decreased HR 2. ) bronchoconstriction 3. ) pupil constriction (miosis) 4. ) peristalsis 5. ) airway secretions/saliva

Question 64

what are the three main uses of lidocaine?

Answer 64

1. ) to reduce the burning sensation caused by the IV from propofol 2. ) decrease in the cough reflex associated with intubation 3. ) it is antiarrhythmic, which can be used to treat certain irregular heart beats/rhythms