Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PPT Phase II > Drug Dependence > Flashcards

Drug Dependence Flashcards

1
Q

what liquid can be used to help people come off opiates by stopping cravings for opiates?

A

methadone - green liquid that must be drunk in front of the pharmacist. blocks acute effects of other opioids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is an opioid antagonist that can be used to prevent opioid use in people who are no longer using opioids?

A

naltrexone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the antidote to an opioid overdose

A

naloxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the symptoms of delirium tremens?

A
  • shaking, vomiting, tachycardia, HTN, sweating, pyrexia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what can you give alcoholics who are withdrawing to prevent Wernicke-Korsakoff’s syndrome?

A

pabrinex (thiamine and vitamines)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is a partial opioid agonist that activates the opioid receptor, diminishing cravings for opiates and preventing euphoria if the patient abuses opiates?

A

buprenorphine (given sublingually)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

name some effects of cocaine?

A 
intense euphoria
alertness and wakefullness
increased confidence and strength
heightened sexual feelings
indifference to concerns and cares
anxeity, paranoia, restlessness, tactile hallucinations
severe psychological, but not physical, dependence
tolerance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what would a cocaine overdose cause?

A

convulsions
HTN
cardiac arrhythmias
hyperthermia (due to excessive muscle activity)
death from respiratory depression and circulatory collapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the mecahnism of action of amfetamines?

A

block re-uptake of DA, 5-HT and NA thus increasing their concentrations in the cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are teh effects of amphetamines?

A 
euphoria
increaed self confidence
alertness and wakefullness
anorexia
irritability, agitation
psychotic behaviour
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does acute intoxication of amfetamines cause?

A

hyperthermia, panic, tremor, confusion, hallucinations and aggressiveness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how does nicotine-replacement therapy work?

A

reduces cravings for nicotine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is bupropion and what is it used for?

A

atypical antidepressant used to help people quit smoking. should be started 1-2wks before a ‘quit date’.
less likely to gain weight if person uses thsi alongside quitting.
unwanted effects: anxiety, headache, insomnia, dry mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is varenicline used for?

A

partial agonist at nicotine receptors.
causes modest release of dopamine which reduces cravings and withdrawal symptoms from somking cessation. should be started 1-2wks before ‘quit date’ and combined with behavioural support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

name some hallucinogens

A

LSD
psilocybin (‘magic mushroonms’)
mescaline
DMT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the effects of hallucinogens?

A

visual hallucinations - may get sensory impressions such that music is ‘seen’ or colours’ heard’ (synaesthesia) which can produce anxiety.
time appears to pass slowly
altered emotions - elated or depression
rapid mood swings can occur
dizziness, weakness, drowsiness and parasethesia

17
Q

how quickly can tolerance occur with hallucinogens?

A

5 days

18
Q

what is the mechanism of action of cannabis?

A

cannabinoids interact with CB1 receptors in the brain which reduce intracellular signals.

19
Q

what effects do you get from cannabis?

A

psychomotor effects - euphoria, heightened intensity of sensations and relaxation
ocasionally panic reactions, hallucinations and depersonalisation
can increase risk of developing schizophrenia
recent memory is markedly impaired
tachycardia and increased BP

20
Q

what can alcohol raise in a FBC?

A

MCV, GGT

21
Q

what is given for controlled alcohol detoxification?

A

sedative agent e.g. chlordiazepoxide or diazepam,
clonidine to reduce excessive sympathetic stimulation,
pabrinex to prevent Wernicke’s encephalopathy

22
Q

what is acamprosate used for

A

reduces cravings for alcohol

23
Q

name two opioid antagonists that cna reduce the reinforcing effects of alcohol?

A

nalmefene, naltrexone (not licenced for this in UK)

24
Q

what is the mechanism of action of disulfiram?

A

acetaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor - causes unpleasant hangover symptoms after just small amounts of alcohol so can help put people off drinking.

25
Q

why is chlordiazepoxide used for alcohol withdrawal?

A

to prevent fitting

26
Q

what do you need to watch out for on an ABG in alcoholics?

A

high lactate due to high breakdown

27
Q

what are physical signs of opioid overdose?

A

reduced GCS
respiratory depression or arrest
can vomit and aspirate
pinpoint pupils that dilate sluggishly

28
Q

what is the effect of alcohol on pupils?

A

dilates them

29
Q

how much naloxone can you give for an opioid overdose?

A

400mg IM

30
Q

how long does methadone prevent withdrawal symptoms for?

A

> 24hrs

31
Q

who is naltrexone recommended for?

A

people who were formerly opioid dependent but are not detoxified and are highly motivated to remain in an abstinence programme

32
Q

what is an antidote for TCAs?

A

sodium bicarb

PPT Phase II (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions