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Antibiotic guidelines > Drug counselling > Flashcards

Drug counselling Flashcards

1
Q

Mnemonic for drug counselling

A

ATHLETICS - Action; Timeline; How to take; Length of treatment; Effects before time; Tests; Important side effects; Complications/Contraindicatios; Supplementary advice

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2
Q

Action of Lithium

A

Mood stabiliser; Exact mechanism unknown; Thought to enter the cells and interfere with neurotransmitter release and second messenger systems

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3
Q

Timeline of Lithium

A

Once or twice daily depending on brand

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4
Q

How to take lithium

A

Tablet, capsule or syrup

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5
Q

Length of lithium treatment

A

Usually lifelong if it works; Regular reviews by psychiatrist

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6
Q

Time for effects of lithium

A

1-2 weeks

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7
Q

Pre-tests for lithium

A

FBC, U&Es, TFTs, betaHCG, ECG

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8
Q

How often to review lithium

A

Check after 5 days then every week until stable for 4 weeks, then every 3 months

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9
Q

What extra tests to review lithium

A

TFTs, U&Es, Ca2+ every 6 months

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10
Q

Important side effects of lithium

A

GI (abdo pain and nausea), Metallic taste, Fine tremor, Water symptoms (thirst, polyuria, impaired urinary concentration, weight gain, and oedema)

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11
Q

Signs of lithium toxicity

A

GI (anorexia, diarrhoea, vomiting); Neuromuscular (dysarthria, dizziness, ataxia, in-coordination, muscle, twitching, tremor); Others (drowsiness, apathy, restlessness)

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12
Q

Complications of lithium

A

Renal toxicity; nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; Hypothyroidism

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13
Q

Contraindications for lithium

A

1st trimester pregnancy; breastfeeding; Cardiac disease; significant renal impairment; Addison’s disease; low sodium diets; untreated hypothyroidism

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14
Q

Supplementary advice for lithium

A

www.bipolaruk.org.uk

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15
Q

Action of methotrexate

A

A disease modifying agent which both reduces inflammation and suppresses the immune system
Early use improves outcome and symptoms

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16
Q

Frequency of methotrexate

A

Once weekly with folic acid at another time

Build up dose slowly

17
Q

How to take methotrexate

A

Tablet usually, injection also available

18
Q

Length of methotrexate treatment

A

Long term

19
Q

Time for methotrexate to have an effect

A

4-6 months

20
Q

Pretests for methotrexate

A

FBC, LFTs, U&Es

21
Q

Review tests for methotrexate

A

FBC, LFTs, U&Es

Every 2 weeks until therapy is stabilised then every 2-3 months

22
Q

Important side effects of methotrexate

A

Allopecia, Headaches, GI disturbances

Myelosupression: Infection (go to A&E if fever or other infection signs); unexpected bleeding/bruising/purpura; anaemia

23
Q

Complications of methotrexate

A

Myelosupression; liver toxicity (careful of alcohol); pulmonary toxicity (tell us if you get breathlessness/SOB)

24
Q

Contraindications of methotrexate

A

Pregnancy (including male if trying); hepatic impairment; breastfeeding; active infection; immunodeficiency

25
Q

Supplementary advice for methotrexate

A

No NSAIDs/aspirin; annual flu jab; arthritisresearch.org.uk

26
Q

Action of atypical antipsychotics

A

Schizophrenia is caused by an over activity of neurotransmitters
Olanzapine works by blocking relevant receptors in the brain

27
Q

Timeline of atypical antipsychotics

A

Tablet daily or depot injection every 2-4 weeks

28
Q

How to take antipsychotics

A

Table or depot injection
Start at a small dose and build up over a week or two
Dose adjusted depending on persons response

29
Q

Length of atypical antipsychotic treatment

A 
Long term (keeps symptoms from returning) 
Tell doctor if wanting to get pregnant
30
Q

How long for antipsychotics to have an effect

A

Several days or weeks

31
Q

Tests required for antipsychotics

A

Occasional LFTs as it may impair liver function

32
Q

Important side effects of antipsychotics

A

Anti-dopaminergic: Tardive dyskinesia; tremor; movement disorders
Anti-cholinergic: Constipation; dry mouth
Anti-histaminergic: Weight gain; dizziness; drowsiness
Anti-adrenergic: hypotension

33
Q

Complications of antipsychotics

A

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (high fever and muscle rigidity)
Agranulocytosis (swelling of mouth or throat or rash)
Withdrawal

34
Q

Contraindications of antipsychotics

A

Liver failure; Phaeochromocytoma

35
Q

Cautions for antipsychotics

A

Epilepsy; DM; glaucoma; parkinsons; heart, prostate, kidney problems; pregnancy

36
Q

Supplementary info for antispychotics

A

www.rethink.org

Antibiotic guidelines (2 decks)

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