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Pharmacology > Drug Classifications For Test #1 > Flashcards

Drug Classifications For Test #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Sodium Bicarb dose?

A

1 meq/kg IV, IO

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2
Q

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

A

Type 2 diabetic
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors slow the breakdown of food into glucose resulting in a slower release of glucose into the blood.

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3
Q

ACE Inhibitor

A

end with “pril”

IND: Hypertension

MOA: ACE competitive inhibitor. (i.e.) Renin > Angotensin I (ACE) Angrotensin II

SE: coughing (increase of ACE), angioedema (tongue swelling)

OD SS: profound hypotension (tachycardic, wide to narrow pulse pressure).

Tx: Fluid (Fill it before you press it)

Pregnancy Class: D

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4
Q

Class II Antiarrythmic

A

Beta Blocker

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5
Q

Analgesics

A

These are used for pain control

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6
Q

Desipramine (Norpramin, Pertofrane)

A

Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA)

original antidepressant drugs

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7
Q

Teratogenic

A

something that can cause or raise the risk for a birth defect in a baby

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8
Q

Chlorothiazide (Diuril)

A

Diuretic (potassium wasting)

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9
Q

Alpha 2 agonist

A

Clonidine (catapres)

IND: High Blood Pressure (hypertension), secondary ADHD

Mech: Decreases sympathetic response, shuts off epinephrine release decrease rate, force, contraction.

OD SS: hypotension, bradycardia, sedation

OD Tx: • Overdose - unsafe drop of heart rate, respiratory rate goes down cause of opioid receptors (works on the mu receptors), can be found unconscious.
◦ Manage by:
‣ In the absence of a sympathetic response give epi.
• Atropine wont work cause that is what blocks the parasympathetic response.
‣ Give narcan for the reverse of the opioid effect the apnea.

Pregnancy Class C - Teratogenic Effects , High dose effects, transferred through breast milk

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10
Q

If the med ends in “thiazide” its a?

A

Diuretic (potassium wasting)

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11
Q

Phenothiazine,

Antipsychotic

A

IND: Schizophrenia

MOA: the exact mechanism is unknown.

OD SS: Can affect QT intervals;
Anticholinergic toxidrome
Tardive Dyskinesia - Slow, difficult, movement

Effects (Dry as a bone, mad as a hatter, red as a beet, blind as a bat)

Tx: Benadryl help with Tardive Dyskinesia.

Pregnancy Class: NR

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12
Q

Nitrate

A

Ind: antianginals (angina)
These medications result in the relaxation of smooth muscle tissue. This action results in venous and arterial dilation, resulting in decreased cardiac oxygen demand. A tolerance can be established to these drugs.

MOA: vasodilator, cGMP

SS: hypotension, vasodilatation, irregular bounding HR

OD SS: reduced cardiac output, hypotension, syncope

Tx: NS, position, don’t give epinephrine

Pregnancy: Class C (placenta and milk, toxic)

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13
Q

Statins

A

Class: Lipid lowering, Statin

IND: Hyperlipidemia (high cholesterol)

MOA: HMG-COA reductase inhibitor. Helps stop the enzyme that causes lipid production

OD SS: Can cause Rhabdomyolysis

Tx:

Pregnancy Class: X nobody of pregnancy age should consume

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14
Q

what else can doctors use metafomin for?

A

PCOS- Polycystic ovary syndrome

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15
Q

SGLT-2 inhibitors

A

SGLT-2 inhibitors-
SGLT-2 helps the reabsorption of sugar into the kidneys.

Inhibitors will cause us to pee them off. This is called: Osmotic Diuresis

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16
Q

Amlodipine (norvasc)

A

DHP calcium channel blocker (L-Track)

“want your pine to be hard” calcium makes things strong and hard.

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17
Q

What phase is the sodium in-fluxing into the cell?

A

Phase 0

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18
Q

Diltiazem (Cardiazem)

A

Non- DHP calcium channel blocker (T-Track)

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19
Q

Sulfonylurea

A

IND: to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, stimulates pancreas for insulin release.

MOA: Stimulates the pancreas to help produce more insulin (Stimulates the Beta Cells in the pancreas to make more insulin)

OD: hypoglycemia, unconsciousness

ODtx: D50 (help bring sugar up)

Pregnancy Class: B

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20
Q

Simvastatin (zocord)

A

statins - high cholesterol (hyperlipidemia)

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21
Q

Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)

A

Phenothiazine,

Antipsychotic

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22
Q

SSRI, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

A

Citalopram (Celexa)

First choice for antidepressants
IND: depression

MOA: seratonin levels increase concentration near synaptic gaps
It stops the serotonin from being taken back into the neon (makes it stay in the synapse longer) so there is more serotonin available.

SE: dizzy, sweating, sinus tach, confusion, convolutions, winding QT intervals, suicide

OD SS: dry mouth (xyostoma), heart dysrhythmia,

serotonin syndrome - increased heart rate

Pregnancy Class: C

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23
Q

Glucophage (metaformin hydrochloride)

A

Biguanides (slow liver release of insulin)

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24
Q

Avandia (Rosiglitazone)

A

TZD

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25
Q

Anticonvulsant

A

IND: Epilepsy

MOA: Stabilizes inactivated sodium channels, making neurons less excitable

OD SS: Convulsions, twitching, drowsiness, dizziness, n/v, tachycardia, hypotension, irregular respirations

Tx: Induce vomiting

Pregnancy Class: D

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26
Q

Capoten

A

ACE Inhibitor

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27
Q

thiazide

A

diuretic
These drugs will be seen used in patients with heart failure as well as hypertension. The diuretic effect is caused by the altering of sodium concentrations at various places in the kidney. Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance are the two main concerns associated with the use of these medications.

IND: edema, CHF

MOA: increases secretion of sodium, chloride and water, controls blood pressure > vasodilatation.

SE: hypertension, weakness

OD SS: hypokalemia

Tx: potassium supplement
Pregnancy: C / D

28
Q

Narcotic Analgesics

A

These are used for acute emergent use, they can be prescribed and are considered a schedule II controlled substance.
Stimulate Mu receptor sites

29
Q

Beta Blocker

A

IND: hypertension and tachycardia

MOA: blocks B1 and B2 receptors, blocks sympathetic response, negative inotropy, helps to lower blood pressure

SE: Bradycardia, SOB, nausea, wheezing (eventually start blocking beta2)

OD SS: cardiac failure

OD Tx: glucagon

Pregnancy: C

30
Q

Candesartan (Atacand )

A

ARB Angiotensin receptor blocker

31
Q

Citalopram (Celexa)

A

SSRI

32
Q

Tricyclic Antidepressant (TCA) are a dangerous drug, and used less and less, but what are they also being used for?

A

Treatment in:

  • migraines
  • seizures
  • and addictive disorders
33
Q

Nadolol (Corgard)

A

Beta Blocker

34
Q

what are all the hero name, Zocor, Lipitor, etc. ?

A

statins - high cholesterol (hyperlipidemia)

35
Q

what medication ends in “lol”

A

Beta Blocker

36
Q

Precose (acarbose tablest)

Glyset (migitol)

A

Type 2 diabetic

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

37
Q

Hydrocodone (Vicodin)

A

Narcotic

38
Q

What are drugs that end in “pril”

A

ACE Inhibitors

39
Q

GLUCAGON

A

Class: Hormone
Beta blocker OD
2 units IVP, repeat PRN

40
Q

MAOI, antidepressant

A

IND: depression

MOA: MAOI limits the breakdown of neurotransmitters in the system.

SE: increases suicide, hypertension, dizziness
Avoid: most foods that contains Tyramine = Hypertensive Crisis - (rapid onset, diastolic value > 130, lethal). Cannot take with any other medications.

OD SS: • Overdose- builds up over 24-48 hours (can see the most lethal) The signs and symptoms of this drug wont show signs for about 12-14 hours after taking it. This is a bad overdose.
◦ Can not have food with tyramine (anything that is aged or fermented)

Pregnancy Class: C/B

41
Q

Clonidine (Catapres)

A

Alpha 2 agonist

42
Q

Glyburide (Micronaze, Prestab)

A

Sulfonylurea

43
Q

Meds that end in “Sartan” are what?

A

ARBs

44
Q

Phenelzine (Nardil)

A

MAOI, antidepressant

“Nard Dog from the office is depressed”

45
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers (Class IV) (Dihydropyridines DHP)

A

end in “pines”

L-Channels
“L” = sLow channels
“L”= think Legs, L-channels effect vasculature.

Commonly used to treat hypertension

46
Q

Thiazolidinedione (TZD)

A

IND: Used for type 2 diabetes mellitus

MOA: TZDs reduce the insulin resistance in the adipose tissue, muscular tissue, and the liver.

In all the tissue that is supposed to receive insulin, but has grown resistance (this helps reduce that)

And they cut down on the amount of glucose made by your liver, which is increased by type 2 diabetics.

OD SS:
- Since TZD are an insulin sensitizing drug, and not insulin secretory agents, they DO NOT cause hypoglycemia.
- OD: upper respiratory failure, liver failure
Pregnancy Class: B

47
Q

Calcium channel blockers (Class IV) (non-dihydropyridines non-DHP)

A

T-Channels
“T”= fasT
“T”= Ticker
Non- “no TT for you”

Commonly used to treat cardiac dysrhythmias, like A-fib.

48
Q

Biguanides

A

Biguanides work to slow the liver’s release of stored glucose.

49
Q

Tricyclic Antidepressant (TCA)

A

IND: Depression

MOA: blocks uptake of Sodium
• Sodium Channel Blocker - They will have tachycardia, then they will have sudden LOC (almost like they are faking), sodium OD- they will have widen QRS.

OD SS: tachycardic, wide complex, asystole (w/10 min) Anticholinergic toxidrome effects: mad as a hatter, red as a beat, blind as a bat, dry as a bone, hot as a heater

Tx: sodium bicarbonate and dopamine (We need an ECG and treat right now)

Pregnancy Class: D

50
Q

Anti Arrythmics class IV?

A

Calcium Channel Blocker:
There is two types (DHP) and (Non-DHP)
in general calcium channel blockers block calcium sites resulting in slowed cardiac conduction, decreased force of cardiac contraction and vast-dilation.

51
Q

Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB)

A

IND: hypertension and heart failure

MOA: Angiotensin2 Receptor Blockers
Allows for angiotensin to be created, but it will be blocked at the site.

OD: hypotension

Preg Class: D

52
Q

Carbamazapine (Tegretol)

A

Anticonvulsant

-treat seizure, in OD can give seizure

53
Q

Sodium is the primary _____ electrolyte?

A

Neuro transmitter

54
Q

Any drug that ends in the word “statin”

A

high cholesterol (hyperlipidemia)

55
Q

Isosorbide (Isordil)

Nitroglycerine (Nitro-Bid, Nitrodisc, NitroDur, Nitrol, Nitrostat)

A

Nitrates

56
Q

Catapril

A

ACE Inhibitor

57
Q

Furosemide (other name is?)

A

Latex

58
Q

furosemide (latex)

A

diuretic - potassium wasting

59
Q

what is the difference between potassium wasting and potassium sparing?

A

wasting- increase in urine concentration, but will waste potassium (hypokalemia)

Sparing- increase the urine concentration, but will keep the potassium (Hyperkalemia)

60
Q

how do diuretics work?

A

cause the patient to concentrate urine, by altering sodium concentrations at various parts of the kidney.

Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance are our two worries.

61
Q

Amlodipine (norvasc)

A

Type IV calcium channel blocker (DHP)
L-Track
Hypertension

62
Q

Diltiazem (Cardiazem)

A

Type IV calcium channel blocker (Non-DHP)
T-track
Cardiac dysrhythmia

63
Q

Anticholinergic

A

drugs that block the action of acetylcholine.

64
Q

What is digoxin toxicity?

A

Digoxin toxicity happens when you have too much digoxin in your body and it becomes harmful. Digoxin is a medicine that is used to treat heart failure or arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythms). Digoxin toxicity can be life-threatening.

65
Q

Celexa

A

Citalopram

SSRI

Pharmacology (19 decks)

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