Drug Classifications For Test #1 Flashcards
Sodium Bicarb dose?
1 meq/kg IV, IO
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
Type 2 diabetic
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors slow the breakdown of food into glucose resulting in a slower release of glucose into the blood.
ACE Inhibitor
end with “pril”
IND: Hypertension
MOA: ACE competitive inhibitor. (i.e.) Renin > Angotensin I (ACE) Angrotensin II
SE: coughing (increase of ACE), angioedema (tongue swelling)
OD SS: profound hypotension (tachycardic, wide to narrow pulse pressure).
Tx: Fluid (Fill it before you press it)
Pregnancy Class: D
Class II Antiarrythmic
Beta Blocker
Analgesics
These are used for pain control
Desipramine (Norpramin, Pertofrane)
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA)
original antidepressant drugs
Teratogenic
something that can cause or raise the risk for a birth defect in a baby
Chlorothiazide (Diuril)
Diuretic (potassium wasting)
Alpha 2 agonist
Clonidine (catapres)
IND: High Blood Pressure (hypertension), secondary ADHD
Mech: Decreases sympathetic response, shuts off epinephrine release decrease rate, force, contraction.
OD SS: hypotension, bradycardia, sedation
OD Tx: • Overdose - unsafe drop of heart rate, respiratory rate goes down cause of opioid receptors (works on the mu receptors), can be found unconscious.
◦ Manage by:
‣ In the absence of a sympathetic response give epi.
• Atropine wont work cause that is what blocks the parasympathetic response.
‣ Give narcan for the reverse of the opioid effect the apnea.
Pregnancy Class C - Teratogenic Effects , High dose effects, transferred through breast milk
If the med ends in “thiazide” its a?
Diuretic (potassium wasting)
Phenothiazine,
Antipsychotic
IND: Schizophrenia
MOA: the exact mechanism is unknown.
OD SS: Can affect QT intervals;
Anticholinergic toxidrome
Tardive Dyskinesia - Slow, difficult, movement
Effects (Dry as a bone, mad as a hatter, red as a beet, blind as a bat)
Tx: Benadryl help with Tardive Dyskinesia.
Pregnancy Class: NR
Nitrate
Ind: antianginals (angina)
These medications result in the relaxation of smooth muscle tissue. This action results in venous and arterial dilation, resulting in decreased cardiac oxygen demand. A tolerance can be established to these drugs.
MOA: vasodilator, cGMP
SS: hypotension, vasodilatation, irregular bounding HR
OD SS: reduced cardiac output, hypotension, syncope
Tx: NS, position, don’t give epinephrine
Pregnancy: Class C (placenta and milk, toxic)
Statins
Class: Lipid lowering, Statin
IND: Hyperlipidemia (high cholesterol)
MOA: HMG-COA reductase inhibitor. Helps stop the enzyme that causes lipid production
OD SS: Can cause Rhabdomyolysis
Tx:
Pregnancy Class: X nobody of pregnancy age should consume
what else can doctors use metafomin for?
PCOS- Polycystic ovary syndrome
SGLT-2 inhibitors
SGLT-2 inhibitors-
SGLT-2 helps the reabsorption of sugar into the kidneys.
Inhibitors will cause us to pee them off. This is called: Osmotic Diuresis
Amlodipine (norvasc)
DHP calcium channel blocker (L-Track)
“want your pine to be hard” calcium makes things strong and hard.
What phase is the sodium in-fluxing into the cell?
Phase 0
Diltiazem (Cardiazem)
Non- DHP calcium channel blocker (T-Track)
Sulfonylurea
IND: to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, stimulates pancreas for insulin release.
MOA: Stimulates the pancreas to help produce more insulin (Stimulates the Beta Cells in the pancreas to make more insulin)
OD: hypoglycemia, unconsciousness
ODtx: D50 (help bring sugar up)
Pregnancy Class: B
Simvastatin (zocord)
statins - high cholesterol (hyperlipidemia)
Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
Phenothiazine,
Antipsychotic
SSRI, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
Citalopram (Celexa)
First choice for antidepressants
IND: depression
MOA: seratonin levels increase concentration near synaptic gaps
It stops the serotonin from being taken back into the neon (makes it stay in the synapse longer) so there is more serotonin available.
SE: dizzy, sweating, sinus tach, confusion, convolutions, winding QT intervals, suicide
OD SS: dry mouth (xyostoma), heart dysrhythmia,
serotonin syndrome - increased heart rate
Pregnancy Class: C
Glucophage (metaformin hydrochloride)
Biguanides (slow liver release of insulin)
Avandia (Rosiglitazone)
TZD
Anticonvulsant
IND: Epilepsy
MOA: Stabilizes inactivated sodium channels, making neurons less excitable
OD SS: Convulsions, twitching, drowsiness, dizziness, n/v, tachycardia, hypotension, irregular respirations
Tx: Induce vomiting
Pregnancy Class: D
Capoten
ACE Inhibitor
thiazide
diuretic
These drugs will be seen used in patients with heart failure as well as hypertension. The diuretic effect is caused by the altering of sodium concentrations at various places in the kidney. Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance are the two main concerns associated with the use of these medications.
IND: edema, CHF
MOA: increases secretion of sodium, chloride and water, controls blood pressure > vasodilatation.
SE: hypertension, weakness
OD SS: hypokalemia
Tx: potassium supplement
Pregnancy: C / D
Narcotic Analgesics
These are used for acute emergent use, they can be prescribed and are considered a schedule II controlled substance.
Stimulate Mu receptor sites
Beta Blocker
IND: hypertension and tachycardia
MOA: blocks B1 and B2 receptors, blocks sympathetic response, negative inotropy, helps to lower blood pressure
SE: Bradycardia, SOB, nausea, wheezing (eventually start blocking beta2)
OD SS: cardiac failure
OD Tx: glucagon
Pregnancy: C
Candesartan (Atacand )
ARB Angiotensin receptor blocker
Citalopram (Celexa)
SSRI
Tricyclic Antidepressant (TCA) are a dangerous drug, and used less and less, but what are they also being used for?
Treatment in:
- migraines
- seizures
- and addictive disorders
Nadolol (Corgard)
Beta Blocker
what are all the hero name, Zocor, Lipitor, etc. ?
statins - high cholesterol (hyperlipidemia)
what medication ends in “lol”
Beta Blocker
Precose (acarbose tablest)
Glyset (migitol)
Type 2 diabetic
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
Hydrocodone (Vicodin)
Narcotic
What are drugs that end in “pril”
ACE Inhibitors
GLUCAGON
Class: Hormone
Beta blocker OD
2 units IVP, repeat PRN
MAOI, antidepressant
IND: depression
MOA: MAOI limits the breakdown of neurotransmitters in the system.
SE: increases suicide, hypertension, dizziness
Avoid: most foods that contains Tyramine = Hypertensive Crisis - (rapid onset, diastolic value > 130, lethal). Cannot take with any other medications.
OD SS: • Overdose- builds up over 24-48 hours (can see the most lethal) The signs and symptoms of this drug wont show signs for about 12-14 hours after taking it. This is a bad overdose.
◦ Can not have food with tyramine (anything that is aged or fermented)
Pregnancy Class: C/B
Clonidine (Catapres)
Alpha 2 agonist
Glyburide (Micronaze, Prestab)
Sulfonylurea
Meds that end in “Sartan” are what?
ARBs
Phenelzine (Nardil)
MAOI, antidepressant
“Nard Dog from the office is depressed”
Calcium Channel Blockers (Class IV) (Dihydropyridines DHP)
end in “pines”
L-Channels
“L” = sLow channels
“L”= think Legs, L-channels effect vasculature.
Commonly used to treat hypertension
Thiazolidinedione (TZD)
IND: Used for type 2 diabetes mellitus
MOA: TZDs reduce the insulin resistance in the adipose tissue, muscular tissue, and the liver.
In all the tissue that is supposed to receive insulin, but has grown resistance (this helps reduce that)
And they cut down on the amount of glucose made by your liver, which is increased by type 2 diabetics.
OD SS:
- Since TZD are an insulin sensitizing drug, and not insulin secretory agents, they DO NOT cause hypoglycemia.
- OD: upper respiratory failure, liver failure
Pregnancy Class: B
Calcium channel blockers (Class IV) (non-dihydropyridines non-DHP)
T-Channels
“T”= fasT
“T”= Ticker
Non- “no TT for you”
Commonly used to treat cardiac dysrhythmias, like A-fib.
Biguanides
Biguanides work to slow the liver’s release of stored glucose.
Tricyclic Antidepressant (TCA)
IND: Depression
MOA: blocks uptake of Sodium
• Sodium Channel Blocker - They will have tachycardia, then they will have sudden LOC (almost like they are faking), sodium OD- they will have widen QRS.
OD SS: tachycardic, wide complex, asystole (w/10 min) Anticholinergic toxidrome effects: mad as a hatter, red as a beat, blind as a bat, dry as a bone, hot as a heater
Tx: sodium bicarbonate and dopamine (We need an ECG and treat right now)
Pregnancy Class: D
Anti Arrythmics class IV?
Calcium Channel Blocker:
There is two types (DHP) and (Non-DHP)
in general calcium channel blockers block calcium sites resulting in slowed cardiac conduction, decreased force of cardiac contraction and vast-dilation.
Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB)
IND: hypertension and heart failure
MOA: Angiotensin2 Receptor Blockers
Allows for angiotensin to be created, but it will be blocked at the site.
OD: hypotension
Preg Class: D
Carbamazapine (Tegretol)
Anticonvulsant
-treat seizure, in OD can give seizure
Sodium is the primary _____ electrolyte?
Neuro transmitter
Any drug that ends in the word “statin”
high cholesterol (hyperlipidemia)
Isosorbide (Isordil)
Nitroglycerine (Nitro-Bid, Nitrodisc, NitroDur, Nitrol, Nitrostat)
Nitrates
Catapril
ACE Inhibitor
Furosemide (other name is?)
Latex
furosemide (latex)
diuretic - potassium wasting
what is the difference between potassium wasting and potassium sparing?
wasting- increase in urine concentration, but will waste potassium (hypokalemia)
Sparing- increase the urine concentration, but will keep the potassium (Hyperkalemia)
how do diuretics work?
cause the patient to concentrate urine, by altering sodium concentrations at various parts of the kidney.
Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance are our two worries.
Amlodipine (norvasc)
Type IV calcium channel blocker (DHP)
L-Track
Hypertension
Diltiazem (Cardiazem)
Type IV calcium channel blocker (Non-DHP)
T-track
Cardiac dysrhythmia
Anticholinergic
drugs that block the action of acetylcholine.
What is digoxin toxicity?
Digoxin toxicity happens when you have too much digoxin in your body and it becomes harmful. Digoxin is a medicine that is used to treat heart failure or arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythms). Digoxin toxicity can be life-threatening.
Celexa
Citalopram
SSRI
