Drug classes & functions Flashcards
-actone
drug class: Potassium-sparing diuretics
Function: Increase flow of urine & enhance loss of Na+
Body System: Cardiovascular
Eg: Spironolactone
-artan
drug class: angiotensin II receptor blockers (A2RBs)
function: block angiotensin II enzymes from specific receptor sites & prohibit vasoconstriction
Body system: Cardiovascular
Eg: Losartan, Candersatan
-azosin
drug class: alpha-adrenergic blockers
function: antihypertensives & relax veins and arteries so blood can flow through
BS: cardiovascular
eg: Terazosin
-emide
DC: loop diuretics
function: increase urine flow & increase in loss of Na+
BS: cardiovascular
eg: furosemide
-olol
DC: beta-blockers (B1) or beta-adrenergic blocking agent
function: block adrenergic receptors
BS: cardiovascular
Eg: metoprolol, propanolol
-pine
DC: Ca channel blockers
F: antihypertensives & relax veins and arteries so blood can flow through
BS: cardiovascular
Eg: Amlodipine
-pril
DC: ACE inhibitors
F: block conversion of angiotensin I to II- reduce BP or vasoconstriction
BS: cardio
Eg: Enalapril
-statin
DC: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
F: inhibit cholesterol production
BS: cardio
Eg: Rosuvastatin
- cillin
- cycline
- floxacin
- mycin
DC: antibiotics
F: inhibit the growth/ kill bacterial microorganisms
BS: Immune sys
Egs: penicillin, doxycycline, moxifloxacin, vancomycin
-vir
DC: antibiotics
F: inhibit growth/kill VIRAL microorganisms
BS: Immune
Eg: tamvir
-codone
DC: opioid pain reliever
F: block pain signals to make pt forget about his pain
BS: musculoskeletal, Nervous sys
EG; Oxycodone
-pam
DC: benzodiazepines
F: reduce anxiety, relax muscles & sedate + induce sleep
BS: nervous
Eg: diazepam
- olone
- sone
DC: corticosteroids
F: reduce inflammation
BS: resp + musculo + immune
Eg: prednisone & prednisolone
-razole
DC: proton pump inhibitor
F: reduce gastric/stomach acid
BS: digestive
Eg: Pantoprazole
-tidine
DC: histamine-2 blocker
F: reduce stomach acid
BS: digestive
eg: Ranitidine, famotidine
Class A balance
weighs up to 120 mg
sensitivity of 6 mg
counter balance
weight- 5 kg
sensitivity- 100 mg
What system tracks pt’s compliance with taking maintenance medications & tracking disease mgt through software systems connected to physician’s offices, hospitals & pharmacies
Web-based compliance & disease mgt tracking system
Unit dose repackaging systems
used to unit dose medications in stock bottles in the centralized pharmacies
used in nursing homes and long term care facilities
automatic pumping systems
like IV and TPN can compound sterile ingredients into a finished solution dispensed in a single pt bag without being touched by the pharm tech
which med is used for nausea
- ondansetron
- dimenhydrinate (Dramamine- also for motion sickness) 3. metoclopramide (Reglan)- gut motility stimulator, 4.prochlorperazine (Compazine)
- trimethobenzamide (Tigan)
Side effects: blurred vision, HA, restlessness, sleepiness, constipation, diarrhea
Meds used for stomach acid/ulcers/ histamine-2 blockers
- Cimentidine (Tagamet)
- famotidine (Pepcid)
- Nizatidine (Axid)
- Ranitidine (Zantac)
Side effects: diarrhea, dizziness, HA, swollen breast
PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS
Antacid
- esomeprazole (Nexium)
- Lansoprazole (Prevacid)
- Omeprazole (Prilosec)
- Pantoprazole (Protonix)
Side effects: diarrhea, HA
Leukemia
Immune sys
Cancer of blood-forming tissues eg bone marrow
Types: Myeloid leukemia, lymphocytic L
Sx: fatigue, weight loss, infections, easy bruising
Tx: chemotherapy, radiation, stem cell transplants, monitoring
cystitis
Urinary system
UTI- bladder or urethra
Sx: Pain & discomfort when urinating, pelvic & back pain, fever, blood in the urine
Tx; antibiotics
Angina
Severe pain in chest; radiates into shoulders, arms & neck
Cause: inadequate blood supply to the heart
Feels like pressure, squeezing, heaviness & tightness
Risk factors: Smoking, caffeine, diabetes, HBP, high cholesterol, older age, obesity, stress
osteoarthritis
inflammation/wearing of tissue at the end of bones or cartilage
gradually worsen over time- degenerative
cannot be cured but helped through drug treatments and NSAIDs, steroids, PT, surgery
joint pain in neck, back, knees, hip & hands
40 years old
how many med errors occur in the US yearly and they are the ——–leading cause of death in the US
1.5 million & 3rd
pharmacy benefits manager (PBM)
manage prescription drug benefits.
Pt receives prescription drug benefits card
Egs: express scripts, WellPoint pharmacy mgt etc
Types of 3rd party payers
- TP full payment groups: private insurance groups (managed care plans)
- TP contractual payment groups: Medicare, Medicaid, Blue Cross Blue Shield
- cash payments: self-pay
Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs)
Private Insurance Companies
In-network doctors & specialists for a fixed annual fee & or copayments for services rendered
require a PA for services not rendered by PCP unless in an emergency situations
Have set copayments based on formularies
Tiers of Formularies
- first-tier drug- generic drugs; lowest copay
- second-tier drug: preferred brand name drugs
- third-tier drug: non- preferred or non- formulary drugs; highest copay
Preferred Provider organizations (PPOs)
Private insurance
can see in-network physicians & specialist without a PA
need to meet annual deductibles
benefits reduced if pt sees an out of network provider
Pt pay copays for drugs until deductibles are met
Point of Service (POS)
Private insurance
PPO + HMO
req in-network PCP
pt can use out of network provider for a higher cost
authorized out of network services by PCP= pt not charged
Copay or % for drugs based on formulary
Medicare
federal program- 1965
65 years or older
younger citizens- blind, widowed, disabled, long-term illness
1. Medicare Part A: Hospital services- hospital stays, hospice care, long term care, some home healthcare
- Part B: Dr’s appt & services, outpatient care, medical service, preventive care
- Part C: Medicare Advantage Plans- can be HMOs, PPOs, Private Fee-for-Service plans, special needs program or medicare medical savings account
managed by private insurances - part D: Prescription
TRICARE
Armed forces- veterans, active duty men & women
Types:
- Standard: fee-for-service cost-sharing plan
- Extra: PPO
- Prime: PPO + HMO
Medicaid
State- 1965
low-income below poverty level insurance
Blind, disabled or members of the family only supported by one parent
Types of copay:
- Share-of-cost: pt has to meet a required monthly payment before Medicaid covers drug cost
- pt pay providers small copay
Billing 3rd parties for goods and services rendered
Online adjudication
Parts of insurance card
- BIN: directs claims to correct 3rd party provider
- PCN: used by PBM for network benefit routing
- Group: directs claims to specific insurance benefits for the group
- dependent: cardholder-00; spouse- 01; oldest child- 02
DAW codes
- DAW 0: no selection; can substitute generic version of a drug
DAW 1: No substitutions by the prescriber; brand medically necessary
DAW 2: Pt requesting brand name; prescriber does not deem the brand medically necessary
DAW 3: Pharmacist select brand name; substitution is allowed
DAW 4: Generic is out of stock; substitution allowed
DAW 5: Brand name dispended at a genetic price; substitution allowed
DAW 6: Override code
DAW 7: Brand name mandated by law; substitution not allowed
DAW 8: generic not available; subs allowed
DAW 9: other
Roman Numerals
I- 1 V- 5 X- 10 L- 50 C- 100 D- 500 M- 1000
*if a smaller value is placed in front of a larger number, subtract the smaller # from the larger one
eg; IX= 10-1= 9
root word or lapar/o
abdomen
root word for hepat/o
liver
root word for mamm/o or mast/o
breast tissue
root word for hist/o
tissue
Fuction of salmeterol
brand name: serevent
prevent asthma & bronchospasms, COPD
side effects: HA, muscle/bone pain, N,V, numbess or tingling in hands and feet, skin rash
Others; Aformoterol (brovana), formoterol (Foradil, Performist)
Chapter of USP that deals with Non-sterile compounding
795
what year was the Pure Food and Drug Act formed
1906 by Harvey Wiley, chief chemist for the Bureau of Chemistry
Prevented adulteration & misbranding(label drugs with untruthful information) of food and drugs
Food drug and Cosmetic Act
1938
-due to sulfanilamide tragedy
banned false claims; req packaging insert with directions
Addictive substances req the labeling “Warning: May be habit-forming”
Created the US Pharmacopeia & National Formulary
Poison Prevention packaging act
1970
secure all meds in containers with childproof caps/packaging
80% of caps should not be able to be opened by children
90% of adults should be able to open it in 5 minutes
harrison Narcotics Tax Act
1914
stop the recreational use of opium
req prescription to purchase opium
restrictions & taxes on substances used to prepare control substances- coca leaves, opium
suffix for artificial opening
-stomy
suffix for incision
-tomy
suffix for formation
-plasia
-osis
abnormal condition
PAPs
self- pay patients
Pharmacodynamics
how the action, effect, & breakdown of drugs
Therapeutic window
The difference in the quantity of meds between the effective dose and the amount that causes adverse side effetcts
