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PTCB Exam > Drug classes & functions > Flashcards

Drug classes & functions Flashcards

1
Q

-actone

A

drug class: Potassium-sparing diuretics
Function: Increase flow of urine & enhance loss of Na+
Body System: Cardiovascular
Eg: Spironolactone

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2
Q

-artan

A

drug class: angiotensin II receptor blockers (A2RBs)
function: block angiotensin II enzymes from specific receptor sites & prohibit vasoconstriction
Body system: Cardiovascular
Eg: Losartan, Candersatan

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3
Q

-azosin

A

drug class: alpha-adrenergic blockers
function: antihypertensives & relax veins and arteries so blood can flow through
BS: cardiovascular
eg: Terazosin

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4
Q

-emide

A

DC: loop diuretics
function: increase urine flow & increase in loss of Na+
BS: cardiovascular
eg: furosemide

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5
Q

-olol

A

DC: beta-blockers (B1) or beta-adrenergic blocking agent
function: block adrenergic receptors
BS: cardiovascular
Eg: metoprolol, propanolol

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6
Q

-pine

A

DC: Ca channel blockers
F: antihypertensives & relax veins and arteries so blood can flow through
BS: cardiovascular
Eg: Amlodipine

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7
Q

-pril

A

DC: ACE inhibitors
F: block conversion of angiotensin I to II- reduce BP or vasoconstriction
BS: cardio
Eg: Enalapril

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8
Q

-statin

A

DC: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
F: inhibit cholesterol production
BS: cardio
Eg: Rosuvastatin

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9
Q
  • cillin
  • cycline
  • floxacin
  • mycin
A

DC: antibiotics
F: inhibit the growth/ kill bacterial microorganisms
BS: Immune sys
Egs: penicillin, doxycycline, moxifloxacin, vancomycin

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10
Q

-vir

A

DC: antibiotics
F: inhibit growth/kill VIRAL microorganisms
BS: Immune
Eg: tamvir

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11
Q

-codone

A

DC: opioid pain reliever
F: block pain signals to make pt forget about his pain
BS: musculoskeletal, Nervous sys
EG; Oxycodone

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12
Q

-pam

A

DC: benzodiazepines
F: reduce anxiety, relax muscles & sedate + induce sleep
BS: nervous
Eg: diazepam

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13
Q
  • olone

- sone

A

DC: corticosteroids
F: reduce inflammation
BS: resp + musculo + immune
Eg: prednisone & prednisolone

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14
Q

-razole

A

DC: proton pump inhibitor
F: reduce gastric/stomach acid
BS: digestive
Eg: Pantoprazole

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15
Q

-tidine

A

DC: histamine-2 blocker
F: reduce stomach acid
BS: digestive
eg: Ranitidine, famotidine

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16
Q

Class A balance

A

weighs up to 120 mg

sensitivity of 6 mg

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17
Q

counter balance

A

weight- 5 kg

sensitivity- 100 mg

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18
Q

What system tracks pt’s compliance with taking maintenance medications & tracking disease mgt through software systems connected to physician’s offices, hospitals & pharmacies

A

Web-based compliance & disease mgt tracking system

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19
Q

Unit dose repackaging systems

A

used to unit dose medications in stock bottles in the centralized pharmacies
used in nursing homes and long term care facilities

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20
Q

automatic pumping systems

A

like IV and TPN can compound sterile ingredients into a finished solution dispensed in a single pt bag without being touched by the pharm tech

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21
Q

which med is used for nausea

A
  1. ondansetron
  2. dimenhydrinate (Dramamine- also for motion sickness) 3. metoclopramide (Reglan)- gut motility stimulator, 4.prochlorperazine (Compazine)
  3. trimethobenzamide (Tigan)

Side effects: blurred vision, HA, restlessness, sleepiness, constipation, diarrhea

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22
Q

Meds used for stomach acid/ulcers/ histamine-2 blockers

A
  1. Cimentidine (Tagamet)
  2. famotidine (Pepcid)
  3. Nizatidine (Axid)
  4. Ranitidine (Zantac)

Side effects: diarrhea, dizziness, HA, swollen breast

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23
Q

PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS

A

Antacid

  1. esomeprazole (Nexium)
  2. Lansoprazole (Prevacid)
  3. Omeprazole (Prilosec)
  4. Pantoprazole (Protonix)

Side effects: diarrhea, HA

24
Q

Leukemia

A

Immune sys
Cancer of blood-forming tissues eg bone marrow
Types: Myeloid leukemia, lymphocytic L
Sx: fatigue, weight loss, infections, easy bruising
Tx: chemotherapy, radiation, stem cell transplants, monitoring

25
Q

cystitis

A

Urinary system
UTI- bladder or urethra
Sx: Pain & discomfort when urinating, pelvic & back pain, fever, blood in the urine
Tx; antibiotics

26
Q

Angina

A

Severe pain in chest; radiates into shoulders, arms & neck
Cause: inadequate blood supply to the heart
Feels like pressure, squeezing, heaviness & tightness
Risk factors: Smoking, caffeine, diabetes, HBP, high cholesterol, older age, obesity, stress

27
Q

osteoarthritis

A

inflammation/wearing of tissue at the end of bones or cartilage
gradually worsen over time- degenerative
cannot be cured but helped through drug treatments and NSAIDs, steroids, PT, surgery
joint pain in neck, back, knees, hip & hands
40 years old

28
Q

how many med errors occur in the US yearly and they are the ——–leading cause of death in the US

A

1.5 million & 3rd

29
Q

pharmacy benefits manager (PBM)

A

manage prescription drug benefits.
Pt receives prescription drug benefits card
Egs: express scripts, WellPoint pharmacy mgt etc

30
Q

Types of 3rd party payers

A
  1. TP full payment groups: private insurance groups (managed care plans)
  2. TP contractual payment groups: Medicare, Medicaid, Blue Cross Blue Shield
  3. cash payments: self-pay
31
Q

Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs)

A

Private Insurance Companies
In-network doctors & specialists for a fixed annual fee & or copayments for services rendered
require a PA for services not rendered by PCP unless in an emergency situations
Have set copayments based on formularies

Tiers of Formularies

  1. first-tier drug- generic drugs; lowest copay
  2. second-tier drug: preferred brand name drugs
  3. third-tier drug: non- preferred or non- formulary drugs; highest copay
32
Q

Preferred Provider organizations (PPOs)

A

Private insurance
can see in-network physicians & specialist without a PA
need to meet annual deductibles
benefits reduced if pt sees an out of network provider
Pt pay copays for drugs until deductibles are met

33
Q

Point of Service (POS)

A

Private insurance
PPO + HMO
req in-network PCP
pt can use out of network provider for a higher cost
authorized out of network services by PCP= pt not charged
Copay or % for drugs based on formulary

34
Q

Medicare

A

federal program- 1965
65 years or older
younger citizens- blind, widowed, disabled, long-term illness
1. Medicare Part A: Hospital services- hospital stays, hospice care, long term care, some home healthcare

  1. Part B: Dr’s appt & services, outpatient care, medical service, preventive care
  2. Part C: Medicare Advantage Plans- can be HMOs, PPOs, Private Fee-for-Service plans, special needs program or medicare medical savings account
    managed by private insurances
  3. part D: Prescription
35
Q

TRICARE

A

Armed forces- veterans, active duty men & women

Types:

  1. Standard: fee-for-service cost-sharing plan
  2. Extra: PPO
  3. Prime: PPO + HMO
36
Q

Medicaid

A

State- 1965
low-income below poverty level insurance
Blind, disabled or members of the family only supported by one parent

Types of copay:

  1. Share-of-cost: pt has to meet a required monthly payment before Medicaid covers drug cost
  2. pt pay providers small copay
37
Q

Billing 3rd parties for goods and services rendered

A

Online adjudication

38
Q

Parts of insurance card

A
  1. BIN: directs claims to correct 3rd party provider
  2. PCN: used by PBM for network benefit routing
  3. Group: directs claims to specific insurance benefits for the group
  4. dependent: cardholder-00; spouse- 01; oldest child- 02
39
Q

DAW codes

A
  1. DAW 0: no selection; can substitute generic version of a drug
    DAW 1: No substitutions by the prescriber; brand medically necessary
    DAW 2: Pt requesting brand name; prescriber does not deem the brand medically necessary
    DAW 3: Pharmacist select brand name; substitution is allowed
    DAW 4: Generic is out of stock; substitution allowed
    DAW 5: Brand name dispended at a genetic price; substitution allowed
    DAW 6: Override code
    DAW 7: Brand name mandated by law; substitution not allowed
    DAW 8: generic not available; subs allowed
    DAW 9: other
40
Q

Roman Numerals

A 
I- 1
V- 5
X- 10
L- 50
C- 100
D- 500
M- 1000

*if a smaller value is placed in front of a larger number, subtract the smaller # from the larger one
eg; IX= 10-1= 9

41
Q

root word or lapar/o

A

abdomen

42
Q

root word for hepat/o

A

liver

43
Q

root word for mamm/o or mast/o

A

breast tissue

44
Q

root word for hist/o

A

tissue

45
Q

Fuction of salmeterol

A

brand name: serevent
prevent asthma & bronchospasms, COPD
side effects: HA, muscle/bone pain, N,V, numbess or tingling in hands and feet, skin rash

Others; Aformoterol (brovana), formoterol (Foradil, Performist)

46
Q

Chapter of USP that deals with Non-sterile compounding

A

795

47
Q

what year was the Pure Food and Drug Act formed

A

1906 by Harvey Wiley, chief chemist for the Bureau of Chemistry
Prevented adulteration & misbranding(label drugs with untruthful information) of food and drugs

48
Q

Food drug and Cosmetic Act

A

1938
-due to sulfanilamide tragedy
banned false claims; req packaging insert with directions
Addictive substances req the labeling “Warning: May be habit-forming”
Created the US Pharmacopeia & National Formulary

49
Q

Poison Prevention packaging act

A

1970
secure all meds in containers with childproof caps/packaging
80% of caps should not be able to be opened by children
90% of adults should be able to open it in 5 minutes

50
Q

harrison Narcotics Tax Act

A

1914
stop the recreational use of opium
req prescription to purchase opium
restrictions & taxes on substances used to prepare control substances- coca leaves, opium

51
Q

suffix for artificial opening

A

-stomy

52
Q

suffix for incision

A

-tomy

53
Q

suffix for formation

A

-plasia

54
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition

55
Q

PAPs

A

self- pay patients

56
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

how the action, effect, & breakdown of drugs

57
Q

Therapeutic window

A

The difference in the quantity of meds between the effective dose and the amount that causes adverse side effetcts

PTCB Exam (1 decks)

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