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Forensic Biology 2 > Drug Chemistry > Flashcards

Drug Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What act was passed in 1956?

A

Narcotic Drug Control Act

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2
Q

What was the Narcotic Drug Control Act (1956)

A
  • Increased penalties for illicit use of drugs
  • Stiff jail sentences imposed
  • Possible death penalty for selling drugs to a minor
  • FDA could recommend control of new “dangerous drugs”
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3
Q

What was the Bureau of Narcotics renamed to?

A

Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs

-To enforce new laws

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4
Q

When was the Comprehensive Controlled Substances Act. And what was it.

A
  • 1970
  • All drug laws either repealed or updated to make all controlled substances federally regulated
  • Federal jurisdiction supersedes state laws
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5
Q

The Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs moved to what department and was renamed what?

A
  • Department of Justice

- Drug Enforcement Administration

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6
Q

Who determined which substances were controlled through the FDA?

A

Secretary of Health and Human Services

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7
Q

What were the criteria for determining which substances were controlled?

A
  • Pharmacological effects
  • Ability to induce psychological dependence or physical addiction
  • Legitimate medical use
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8
Q

What drugs are schedule 1?

A

Heroin
LSD
Marijuana
Methaqualone

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9
Q

What are schedule 1 drugs? (Abuse/Dependence/Medical)

A

-The drug has a high potential for abuse.
-The drug causes physical addiction or psychological dependence.
-The drug has no accepted medical use
There is a lack of accepted safety for use of the drug under medical supervision.

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10
Q

What drugs are schedule 2?

A

Morphine
PCP
Cocaine
Methadone

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11
Q

What is schedule 2?

A
  • The drug has a high potential for abuse
  • Has an accepted medical use
  • Abuse may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence
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12
Q

What drugs are schedule 3?

A
  • Anabolic steroids
  • Less than or equal to 90 mg codeine with aspirin or acetaminophen AKA Tylenol
  • Ketamine
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13
Q

What is schedule 3?

A
  • Some potential for abuse, less than 1/2
  • Has medical use
  • Abuse may lead to moderate or low dependence
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14
Q

What drugs are schedule 4?

A
  • Propoxyphene
  • Pentazocine
  • Benzodiazepines
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15
Q

What is schedule 4?

A
  • Low potential for abuse
  • Has medical use
  • Limited dependence
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16
Q

What drugs are schedule 5?

A

OTC cough medicines with codeine

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17
Q

What is schedule 5?

A

Low potential for abuse
Has medical use
Limited dependence

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18
Q

How are carisoprodol and meprobamate related?

A

Meprobamate is a metabolite of carisoprodol

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19
Q

Which schedules carry high penalties for possession, manufacturing and sale of the drugs?

A

Schedules 1 and 2

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20
Q

Who can be charged if a drug user dies from an overdose of certain drugs?

A

The dealer

21
Q

Which act is still the law governing law enforcement activity today?

A

Comprehensive Controlled Substances act

22
Q

What can also be listed as controlled substances?

A

Precursors or chemicals used to manufacture drugs

-The precursors may not have a pharmacological activity of effect as the resulting drug

23
Q

The DEA developed a model state law entitled what?

A

Uniform Controlled Substances Act

24
Q

What does Pharmacophore mean?

A

The portion of a chemical structure that confers the activity of the substance.

25
Q

What are naturally occurring substances?

A

Drugs found in plants or animals

26
Q

Name some naturally occurring drugs and how they are taken. (Hallucinogens)

A

-Marijuanna leaves are dried and smoked
-Psilocybin mushrooms are ingested
-Peyote cactus buttons are ingested
Bufo alvarius toad secretes a psychoactive drug

27
Q

What is the main psychoactive drug in marijuana leaves?

A

∆9-Tetrahydrocannabinol

28
Q

What are also naturally occuring substances which are extracted prior to ingestion?

A

Plant extracts

29
Q

List some naturally occurring substances which are extracted from plants prior to ingestion.

A
  • Cocaine which is extracted from the coca plant
  • Morphine and Codeine which is extracted from opium poppy
  • Epredrine which is extracted from the ephedra sinicacoca plant
  • Kava kava which is extracted from kava root
30
Q

What can the levels of morphine in poppy seeds range between?

A

4 to 200 mg/kg

31
Q

Is it possible to test positive for a urine opiate immunoassay screen after consuming poppy seed paste?

A

Yes

32
Q

What are semi synthetic substances?

A

Naturally occuring substances but are chemically altered

33
Q

List some semi synthetic drugs and what they come from.

A
  • Heroin is produced by the diacytylation of morphine
  • LSD is manufactured from lysergic acid
  • Oxycodone is synthesized from thebaine
34
Q

The presence of what has been used as a biomarker to determine if morphine came from poppy seeds or from heroin.

A

Thebaine

35
Q

What are synthetic drugs?

A

Completely manmade

36
Q

List some synthetic drugs (4).

A

Amphetamines
Barbiturates
PCP
Fentanyl

37
Q

What are the drug classifications by chemical stucture?

A
  • Sympathomimetic amines (SMAs)/ Amphetamines
  • Barbiturates
  • Benzodiazepines
  • Fentanyls
  • Opiates
  • Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
38
Q

What are the drug classifications by pharmacology?

A

Stimulant
Depressant
Narcotic
Hallucinogen

39
Q

What is the most popular way to classify drugs by?

A

Pharmacology

40
Q

How are drugs classified by pharmacology?

A

By psychoactive effects

41
Q

What do stimulants do?

A
  • Elevate mood
  • Stimulate CNS
  • More energy
  • Greater alertness
  • Increased strength
  • Heighten senses
  • Better sexual experiences
  • Possibly increased intelligence
42
Q

Amphetamines were developed as a substitute for the weaker stimulant ____.

A

Ephedrine

43
Q

What are some uses/treatments of amphetamines?

A
  • Treatment of narcolepsy
  • Appetite suppressant
  • ADHD
44
Q

Which drug is widely abused by college students?

A

Amphetamines

45
Q

What were the original “designer drugs” and were referred to as love drugs in the 1960s?

A

Methamphetamine
MDMA
MDA

46
Q

What is the smokable form of meth?

A

Ice

47
Q

What did early synthesis of Meth from pseudoephedrine include?

A

lithium (batteries) and ammonia (farm fertilizer)

48
Q

Two ways of synthesizing meth?

A

Sudafed (one pot method; shake and bake)

Leuckart reaction

49
Q

Synthesis via sudafed has a reduction of what group?

A

Hydroxyl

Forensic Biology 2 (2 decks)

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