Drug Cards Flashcards
Class drug cards for Trinity EMS AEMT class. Does not include individually assigned drugs.
Zofran generic name
Ondansetron
Zofran indications
Nausea and vomiting
often from chemotherapy, radiation and anesthesia
Zofran contraindications
Use caution in patients with hepatic impairment
Zofran side effects
CNS: dizziness, fatigue, headache, malaise, sedation
Cardio: arrhythmias, chest pain
GI: constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain
Other: muscular pain, chills
Oxygen Indications
Increased oxygen demand Hypoxia Chest pain related to cardiac (anything) Respiratory insufficiency Neurological disease or disorder Hypoperfusion Trauma
Oxygen Contraindications
None
Oxygen Side Effects
Dry mucous membranes
Upper respiratory irritations
Possibility for very rare pulmonary edema
Oxygen Dosages
Nasal Cannula 2 - 6 lpm Simple facemask 6 - 10 lpm Nonrebreather 10 - 15 lpm Nebulizer 6 - 8 lpm BVM 15 lpm
Zofran Adult Dose
4mg in IV push over 2-5 minutes
Zofran Pedatric Dose
1 month - 12 years who weigh MORE than 40kg:
4 mg IV push, 2-5 min (same as adult)
1 month - 12 years who weigh LESS than 40kg:
0.1mg/kg IV as a single dose
Albuterol trade names
Proventil, Ventolin, Albuterol
Albuterol indications
Onset of bronchospasms in patients with reversible obstructive airway diseases (i.e.: COPD, Asthma)
Albuterol Contraindications
Known hypersensitivity
Tachycardic arrhythmias (especially caused by digitalis)
Synergistic (will combined and amplify) with other simpathomimetics (fight or flight imitators)
Albuterol side effects
CNS: restlessness, tremors, dizziness,
Cardio: palpitations, tachycardia, peripheral dilation, increased BP
GI: nausea, vomiting, hyperglycemia,
Other: paradoxical bronchospasm
Albuterol Adult dose
Nebulized: using 0.5% solution strength
0.5ml of albuterol mixed in 2.5ml normal saline
hand held nebulizer over 10-15min
MDI: 1-2 inhaler puffs (90-180micrograms)
5 minutes between MDI doses
Albuterol Pediatric dose
Nebulized:
0.05 - 0.15mg/kg mixed in 2ml of normal saline
May repeat every 20min, MAX 3 doses
MDI:
look for “spacer” in rx MDI to pediatric patient’s
Follow as prescribed, look for indications of every day inhaler vs rescue inhaler
Aspirin indications
inhibit platelet aggregation in suspected MI, new onset of chest pain suggestive of acute MI
Aspirin contraindications
asthma with nasal polyps
hypersensitivity
acute GI bleed
Aspirin side effects
nausea, heartburn, GI bleed, may prolong labor/bleeding,
Aspirin Adult dosage
160mg - 325mg by mouth, chewed if possible
Aspirin Pediatric dosage
not (generally recommended) call medical control
D50 indication
hypoglycemia coma of unknown origin seizures of unknown origin altered level of consciousness status epilepticus
D50 contraindications
hyperglycemia
known hypersensitivity
intracranial hemorrhaging
D50 side effects
tissue necrosis if anywhere outside the vein
raises glucose levels
nausea
burning/warmth
D50 Adult dosage
Comes in preloaded syringe
adult: 12.5 - 25g SLOW IV push
* may be repeated as needed, 5 min apart*
D50 Pediatric dosage
0.5 - 1g/kg SLOW IV push
may be repeated as needed, 5 min apart
CALL MED CONTROL
Glucagon indication
Altered LOC with suspected hypoglycemia
Can be used in beta blocker over dose to alter force or energy of muscle contractions
Glucagon contraindications
hyperglycemia
hypersensitivity
Glucagon side effects
nausea
vomiting
tachycardia
hypertension
Glucagon Adult dosage
comes in ampules (1 mg)
0.5 - 1mg IM for hypoglycemia
may repeat in 7-10 min
Glucagon Pediatric dosage
comes in ampules (1mg)
IF CHILD IS OVER 20kg
0.5 - 1mg IM for hypoglycemia
CALL MEDICAL CONTROL
Narcan/Naloxone indications
opiate overdose coma of unknown origin decreased LOC narcotic agonist depression of CNS from opioids
Narcan/Naloxone contraindications
use caution in patient’s with hepatic impairment
use caution in neonates of addicted mothers
Narcan/Naloxone side effects
Complete reversal of narcotic/opioid effects withdrawals in addicted patients tachycardia hypertension arrhythmias vomiting sweating
Narcan/Naloxone dosage
0.4 - 2.0mg IV
May repeat in 5 min intervals
MAX DOSE 10mg
Nitroglycerin indications
acute chest pain ischemic chest pain hypertension CHF pulmonary edema
Nitroglycerin contraindications
hypotension
hypovolemia
intracranial bleeding or head injury
Erectile Dysfunction meds in last 24-36 hours
Nitroglycerin side effects
headache hypotension syncope dizziness nausea vomiting muscle twitching
Nitroglycerin dosage
pills:
0.3 - 0.4mg sublingual
may repeat 3-5 min
MAX 3 doses
spray:
1 - 2 sprays (0.4mg) sublingual
Peds: CALL MEDICAL CONTROL
Nitrous Oxide indications
Moderate to severe pain
apprehension
anxiety
Nitrous Oxide contraindications
impaired LOC head injury inability to follow commands decompression (diver) sickness undiagnosed abdominal pain COPD cyanosis chest trauma with pneumothorax
Nitrous Oxide side effects
nausea headaches euphoria cyanosis vomiting drowsiness
Nitrous Oxide dosages
Adult and pediatric:
Hand held mask, instruct patient to take deep slow inhale. D/C when pain is controlled or patient is no longer able to hold or control mask
Oral glucose indications
CONSCIOUS patient with hypoglycemia
Oral glucose contraindications
unable to follow commands no control over swallowing intracrainial swelling/pressure head injury hypersensitivity nausea vomiting
Oral glucose side effects
nausea
vomiting
Oral glucose dosage
Adults and peds:
Liquid - sipped slowly until clinical improvement
Gel - fed slowly or applied between cheek and gums
Oxygen indications
Respiratory insufficiency Trauma Low SP02 Suspected carbon monoxide poisoning decreased LOC
Oxygen contraindications
Patient’s with restrictive diseases (COPD etc) may not tolerate higher concentrations as well
Still apply O2, monitor patient
Oxygen side effects
dry/irritated mucosal membranes
upper respiratory irritation
Can decrease LOC and respiratory in patients with chronic CO poisoning
Oxygen dosages
Nasal Cannula: 2 - 6 lpm Nebulizer 6 - 8 lpm Simple face mask 6 - 10 lpm Non Rebreather 10 - 15 lpm BVM 15 lpm
Lactated Ringers/(Hartman’s Solution) Indications
Hypovolemic shock
TKO/KVO IV line
(To Keep Open)
(Keep Vein Open)
LR/(Hartmans’s Solution) Contraindications
renal failure patients
CHF patients
LR/(Hartman’s Solution) side effects
rare/few
pain, warmth, swelling at IV site
LR/(Hartman’s Solution) dosages
TKO/KVO
Hypovolemic shock: titrate to physiological response
D5W, Dextrose 5% indications
IV access for emergency drugs
used with IV drip drugs which need to be diluted
D5W contraindications
Do NOT use for fluid replacement
Do NOT use with Dilantin or Inocor
D5W side effects
few in therapeutic doses
warmth/burning at IV site
D5W dosages
Use mini drip (60 drop/mL) at KVO
Normal Saline/0.9% Sodium Chloride Indications
Hypovolemia Heat related injury/illness freshwater drowning Diabetic ketoacidosis Keep IV line open
NS/0.9% Sodium Chloride contraindications
CHF patient’s as can easily induce circulatory overload
use caution in dialysis patients - possible overload
NS Dosages
Always refer to protocol for specific C/C
Bolus: wide open
TKO: to keep open
Specific rates: example 100ml/h
Epinephrine (adrenaline) indications
Anaphylactic reaction
allergic reaction
asthma
cardiac arrest
Epinephrine (adrenaline) side effects
Tachycardia, hypertension, palpitations, chest pain
dizziness, tremors, seizures, ventricular fibrillation (vfib)
Epinephrine (adrenaline) Adult dosages
1:1,00 = ampules/vials
1:10,00 = pre filled syringe
EpiPen AutoInjector: 1:2,00
Allergy/asthma: 0.3 - 0.5mL of 1:1,00(vial) given SC
Anaphylaxis: 1mL of 1:10,00 (syringe) IV over 5 min
Epinephrine(Adrenaline) Pediatric dosages
Mild allergy/asthma: 0.01mg/kg of 1:1,00 (vial) given SC
MAX of 0.3ml
