Drug Administration (Exam 1) Flashcards
Acute Therapy drugs
sustain life or treat a disease
Maintenance
prevent disease progression
Supplemental
supply substances not avaailable to the body
Palliative therapy
maintain comfort
supportive therapy
maintain function (ex: drugs to help with arthritis)
Prophylactic therapy
prevent disease
Common Protocols and Techniques for All Routes of Administration
Verify med order ID patient, assess prior to meds ask patient about known allergies educate patient about drug position patient for safe administration wash hands and apply gloves ID patient (2 forms) Name/DOB Remove prepackaged drug at bedside Document administration and pertinent patient responses
Single order
(drug order) once at a specific time
Routine order
(drug order) to be completed within 2 hours of receipt
Standing orders
(drug order) written in advance of a situation to be carried out under specific circumstances
ex: treatment for low blood glucose
STAT
statim=immediate
drug ordered to be given once and immediately
ASAP
as soon as possible
drug ordered to be administrated within 30 minutes
PRN
pro re nata=as required
drug ordered to be administered as required by the patient’s condition
SIX Rights of Medication Administration
Right patient Right drug Right dose Right time Right route Right documentation right education for patient is also required
3 checks of drug administration
- checking drug with EMAR when removing it from storage
- checking drug when preparing it, pouring it, taking it out of the unit-dose container, or prior to connecting IV tubing to bag
- checking drug before administering it to the patient
Enteral administration
oral-by mouth
sublingual-under tongue
buccal-cheek
rectal
Parenteral route
(injection)
intravenous-into the vein
intramuscular-into the muscle
subcutaneous-into the subcutaneous layer of the skin
intradermal- into the dermal layer of the skin
intrathecal-into the subarachnoid space (used for anesthesia, ex: administration of analgesia during labor/surgery))
intraarticular-into a joint
Topical Route
topical routes include meds that can be given through patches or ointments to; skin, eye, ear, nose, lungs (inhalation)
Medication Errors
error in patient assessment: inadequate med or med history
error in prescribing: wrong drug, incorrect dose, illegible written order
Administration errors: one of the “rights” of the administration compromised
Distracting environmental factors and stress
adverse pharmacologic reaction
drug has less/more effect than intended
Idiosyncratic adverse reaction
individual has unexpected reaction
Hypersensitivity reaction
allergic response
Drug interactions
two or more drugs in the body produce an unwanted effect
Sentinel Event
unexpected serious or fatal injury following the administration or lack of administration of a medication
immediate investigation and response to even
Root cause analysis- is used to identify causes and required interventions to prevent recurrence
RCA Process
investigates and evaluates causative factors
initiation of performance improvement
action plan development to prevent recurrence
understand sequence of events
done within 45 days and confidential
Compliance
taking med in the manner prescribed by the health care provider
deviation from compliance: poor education on drug, cost of drug, forgetting doses, annoying side effects, self-adjustment of doses, fear of dependency
