Drug Administration Flashcards
What drug name do midwives use when administering medications?
The generic name = e.g. Paracetamol
NOT the brand name = e.g. Panadol
What are the different responsibilities that are required of midwives when administering drugs?
- assessment, administration and evaluation of patients’ drug therapies
- educate patient about their drug therapy
- have a full understanding of the drug, it’s use and side effects
- fulfil legal requirements of administration
OTC
Over the counter
What is an Act?
Legislation which is law and therefor to not comply is illegal and a criminal act
What is a Policy?
Something which is developed as an interpretation of the law by a specific agency
What are protocols and procedures?
A model or structure based on rationale, to guide very specific practices
Who may prescribe a drug?
Doctors Dentists Veterinarians Midwives Nurse practitioners
What do drug schedules do?
Divide drugs into categories according to:
Potency, therapeutic use, addictive or abuse potential, and mode of action
What type of orders are there?
Written (prescription/ medication sheet) Telephone orders Standing orders Stat orders Single orders PRN orders Nurse/midwife initiative
What is a schedule 1 drug?
Poisons of plant origin
What’s a schedule 2 drug?
Poisons for therapeutic use, available from pharmacies - open shelf OTC
What’s a schedule 3 drug?
Pharmacy only. Poisons for therapeutic use. Liable to abuse.
What’s a schedule 4 drug?
Prescription only. Restricted to veterinary, medical & dental prescription or supply. Intended for therapeutic use of which the safety & efficacy needs further evaluation.
What’s a schedule 5 drug?
Poisons with low toxicity but require caution on handling, storage and use.
What’s a schedule 6 drug?
Similar to schedule 5 however slightly more hazardous & readily available.
What’s a schedule 7 drug?
Dangerous poison. Require special precautions in manufacture, handling, storage or use. Restricted use.
What’s a schedule 8 drug?
Controlled drugs. Restrictions recommended for drugs of dependence.
What is a schedule 9 drug?
Prohibited substances. Drugs of abuse. Manufacture, possession, sale and use are restricted to approved medical and scientific research.
What types of routes can medications be administered?
Enternal (involve the GIT, oral) Parenteral (injections) Topical applications Rectal administrations Inhalations Vaginal
The route in which a drug may be administered can be determined by?
Physical & chemical properties of drug Patient's general condition Rapidity or response required Site of desired response Changes in the gut's pH Fluctuations in GIT motility Other drugs in GIT Food in GIT
What are some types of oral medications
- Solutions - drugs dissolved in a solvent (absorb quickly)
- suspensions - finely divided powder suspended in a liquid. Is dissolved in GIT before absorption (absorbed slower than solution)
- capsule - drugs encased in gelatine. (Disintegrates rapidly in stomach. Dissolves then rapidly absorbed)
- compressed tablets - mixture of drug and binders. (Disintegrates in GIT before dispersing and dissolving)
- enteric coated tablets - (resist breakdown in stomach. Protects drug from stomach & vise versa. Resists acid. Disintegration & absorption occurs in the duodenum)
- sustained release - (releases drug over several hours. Reduces number of daily doses)
- controlled release - (release drug over several hours. Reduces number of daily doses)
What is a parenteral route?
Any method that avoids the GIT. Usually reserved for invasive methods.
(Injections - Intradermal
Subcutaneous
Intramuscular
Intravenous
Epidural)What is a topical route of medication?
Application to an area of the body for direct treatment.
(Not restricted to hair or skin)
Drops, creams/ointments, pastes, gels and lotions.
What are rectal and vaginal routes of medication?
Rectal -suppositories Used when a patient is unconscious, unavailable to access oral route, difficult patient, nausea and vomiting. Enemas Vaginal - pessaries Best used at night.
What is an inhalation medication?
Nebuliser and inhalers administer medications to the lower respiratory passages.
Metered doss inhalers.
Placenta drug transfer depends on?
drug chemical properties
molecular weight of the drug
protein binding capabilities
lipid solubility
Pregnancy categories
A, B, & C based on?
D, & X based on?
A, B, & C based on increasing risk to the fetus
D, & X based on risk versus potential benefit
What are the 4 stages of pharmacokinetics?
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Elimination
Onset
time from administration to produce a response
Peak
time to reach highest effective concentration
Trough
lowest concentration of medication reached just before next does
duration
time that medication is present and producing a response
Plateau
concentration of medication in blood reached and maintained after repeated fixed doses
