Drug Addiction & Reward Cicuits

Question 1

What is hedonic value?

Answer 1

refers to the amount of pleasure that is actually experienced

Question 2

what is delirium temens?

Answer 2

lasts for 3/4 days and starts 2 days after stopping drinking

Question 3

What are the symptoms of delirium temens?

Answer 3

hallucinations, delusions, hypertherimia, tachycardia, agitation and confusion

Question 4

what is Buerger’s Disease?

Answer 4

where the blood vessels supplying to the legs become constricted

Question 5

what is functional Tolerance?

Answer 5

results from changes that reduce the activity of the sites of action

Question 6

what are metabolites?

Answer 6

breakdown of the body’s chemical reactions

Question 7

what is metabolic tolerance?

Answer 7

results from changes that reduce amount of drug getting to its site of action

Question 8

what is the blood-brain barrier?

Answer 8

something that impedes the passage of many toxic substances from the blood into the brain

Question 9

what does intragastrically mean?

Answer 9

injected into the stomach

Question 10

what does intraperitoneally mean?

Answer 10

injected hypodermically into peritoneal cavity of abdomen

Question 11

what does subcutaneously mean?

Answer 11

injected into fatty tissue beneath skin

Question 12

what does intravenously mean?

Answer 12

inject into a large surface vein

Question 13

what does intramuscularly mean?

Answer 13

injected into large muscle

Question 14

Drugs whose primary effects are increases in neural and behavioural activity are classified as?

Answer 14

stimulants

Question 15

Korsakoff’s syndrome is typically associated with..

Answer 15

diffuse damage to medial diencephalon, amnesia and chronic alcohol consumption

Question 16

which drugs produces a syndrome of behaviour similar to schizophrenia?

Answer 16

cocaine

Question 17

which drug is made by adding two acetyl groups to morphine molecules?

Answer 17

heroin

Question 18

what are examples of endogenous opioids?

Answer 18

endorphins and enkephalins

Question 19

how to opioid exert their effects?

Answer 19

by binding to receptors whose normal function is to bind to endogenous opioids

Question 20

what are types of heroin treatments?

Answer 20

methadone and buprenophrine

Question 21

what is the difference between methadone and buprenophrine?

Answer 21

buprenophrine has less effective outcomes than methadone but has less side effects

Question 22

How does cocaine exert its effects?

Answer 22

by blocking dopamine transporters molecules in presynaptic membranes that normally remove dopamine from synapses and transfer it.

Question 23

lack of meaningful conversation, slurred speech, ineffective STJM, motor impairment, paranoia and ability to do more than one thing at once are side effects of?

Answer 23

marijuana

Question 24

which receptor in marijuana is most common among proteins in the brain?

Answer 24

CB1

Question 25

What is contingent drug tolerance?

Answer 25

tolerance that develops only to effects that are actually experienced

Question 26

What role does the nucleus acumbens have in drugs?

Answer 26

reward and pleasure, dopamine and lesions prevent self-administration

Question 27

What is intracranial self-stimulation?

Answer 27

brief bursts of stimulation to sites in brain associated with dopamine increase

Question 28

what is the mesotelecephalic dopamine system?

Answer 28

dopaminergic neurons that project from the mesencephalon to the telecephalon (substantial nigra, ventral tegmental)

Question 29

what is the mesocorticolimbic pathway?

Answer 29

dopaminergic neurons’ axons have their cell bodies in ventral tegmental project to cortical and limbic sites.