Drug Addiction & Reward Cicuits Flashcards
What is hedonic value?
refers to the amount of pleasure that is actually experienced
what is delirium temens?
lasts for 3/4 days and starts 2 days after stopping drinking
What are the symptoms of delirium temens?
hallucinations, delusions, hypertherimia, tachycardia, agitation and confusion
what is Buerger’s Disease?
where the blood vessels supplying to the legs become constricted
what is functional Tolerance?
results from changes that reduce the activity of the sites of action
what are metabolites?
breakdown of the body’s chemical reactions
what is metabolic tolerance?
results from changes that reduce amount of drug getting to its site of action
what is the blood-brain barrier?
something that impedes the passage of many toxic substances from the blood into the brain
what does intragastrically mean?
injected into the stomach
what does intraperitoneally mean?
injected hypodermically into peritoneal cavity of abdomen
what does subcutaneously mean?
injected into fatty tissue beneath skin
what does intravenously mean?
inject into a large surface vein
what does intramuscularly mean?
injected into large muscle
Drugs whose primary effects are increases in neural and behavioural activity are classified as?
stimulants
Korsakoff’s syndrome is typically associated with..
diffuse damage to medial diencephalon, amnesia and chronic alcohol consumption
which drugs produces a syndrome of behaviour similar to schizophrenia?
cocaine
which drug is made by adding two acetyl groups to morphine molecules?
heroin
what are examples of endogenous opioids?
endorphins and enkephalins
how to opioid exert their effects?
by binding to receptors whose normal function is to bind to endogenous opioids
what are types of heroin treatments?
methadone and buprenophrine
what is the difference between methadone and buprenophrine?
buprenophrine has less effective outcomes than methadone but has less side effects
How does cocaine exert its effects?
by blocking dopamine transporters molecules in presynaptic membranes that normally remove dopamine from synapses and transfer it.
lack of meaningful conversation, slurred speech, ineffective STJM, motor impairment, paranoia and ability to do more than one thing at once are side effects of?
marijuana
which receptor in marijuana is most common among proteins in the brain?
CB1
What is contingent drug tolerance?
tolerance that develops only to effects that are actually experienced
What role does the nucleus acumbens have in drugs?
reward and pleasure, dopamine and lesions prevent self-administration
What is intracranial self-stimulation?
brief bursts of stimulation to sites in brain associated with dopamine increase
what is the mesotelecephalic dopamine system?
dopaminergic neurons that project from the mesencephalon to the telecephalon (substantial nigra, ventral tegmental)
what is the mesocorticolimbic pathway?
dopaminergic neurons’ axons have their cell bodies in ventral tegmental project to cortical and limbic sites.
