Drug addiction and drug abuse

Question 1

Refers to the capacity of drugs to produce effects that make the user wish to take them again.

Answer 1

Reinforcement

Question 2

Reinforcing properties of drugs are associated with their capacity to _________________ in critical brain areas.

Answer 2

increase neuronal activity

Question 3

The most common response to repetitive use of the same drug.

Answer 3

Tolerance

Question 4

Defined as the reduction in response to the drug after repeated administrations.

Answer 4

Tolerance

Question 5

Refers to genetically determined sensitivity (or lack of sensitivity) to a drug that is observed
the first time that the drug is administered

Answer 5

Innate tolerance

Question 6

Or dispositional tolerance

Answer 6

Pharmacokinetic

Question 7

Refers to changes in the distribution or metabolism of a drug after repeated administration such that a given dose produces a lower blood concentration than the same dose did on initial exposure.

Answer 7

Pharmacokinetic

Question 8

The most common mechanism is an increase in the

rate of metabolism of the drug.

Answer 8

Pharmacokinetic

Question 9

Refers to adaptive changes that have taken place within systems affected by the drug so that response to a given concentration of the drug is reduced.

Answer 9

Pharmacodynamic tolerance

Question 10

Drug-induced changes in receptor density or efficiency of receptor coupling to signal transduction pathways

Answer 10

Pharmacodynamic tolerance

Question 11

Refers to a reduction in the effects of a drug
owing to compensatory mechanisms that are
acquired by past experiences.

Answer 11

Learned tolerance

Question 12

Describes the skills that can be developed through repeated experiences with
attempting to function despite a state of mild to moderate intoxication

Answer 12

Learned tolerance

Question 13

Situation-specific tolerance

Answer 13

Conditioned tolerance

Question 14

Develops when environmental cues such as sights, smells, or situations consistently are paired with the administration of a drug.

Answer 14

Conditioned tolerance

Question 15

Refers to rapid tolerance developing with repeated use on a single occasion, such as in a “binge”.

Answer 15

Acute tolerance

Question 16

Refers to an increase in response with repetition of the same dose of the drug

Answer 16

Sensitization

Question 17

Occurs when repeated use of a drug in a given
category confers tolerance not only to that drug but also to other drugs in the same structural and mechanistic category.

Answer 17

Cross-tolerance

Question 18

Is a form of treatment for drug dependence
that involves giving gradually decreasing doses of the drug to prevent withdrawal symptoms, thereby weaning the patient from the drug of
dependence.

Answer 18

Detoxification

Question 19

State that develops as a result of the adaptation (tolerance) produced by a resetting of homeostatic mechanisms in response to repeated drug use

Answer 19

Physical dependence

Question 20

Withdrawal symptoms have at least 2 origins:

Answer 20

1. Removal of the drug of dependence

2. CNS hyperarousal owing to readaptation to the absence of the drug of dependence