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Pharmacology > Drug Abuse > Flashcards

Drug Abuse Flashcards

0
Q

need for markedly increase amounts of the substance to reach intoxication or desired effect

A

tolerance

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1
Q

termed as substance dependence by the american psych association

A

addiction

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2
Q

craving or desire for continuous administration of a drug to provide a desired effect or to avoid discomfort

A

psychological dependence

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3
Q

physiological state of adaptation to a drug which usually results in development of tolerance to drug effects and withdrawal symptoms when the drug is stopped

A

physiological dependence

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4
Q

natural rewards

A

nurturing
food
water
sex

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5
Q

contain the NT dopamine which is released in the nucleus accumbens and in the prefrontal cortex

A

ventral tegmental area neurons

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6
Q

vulnerability is a product of

A

genes
environment
devt age

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7
Q

usual substanse abuse for doctors

A

ketamine

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8
Q

in low doses, alcohol causes

A

euphoria
mild stimulation
relaxation
lowered inhibition

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9
Q

alcohol content of red horse

A

vol: 7
wt: 5.50

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10
Q

alcohol content of happy horse

A

vol: 8
wt: 6.35

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11
Q

alcohol content of pale pilsen or light

A

vol: 5
wt: 4

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12
Q

alcohol content of san mig strong ice

A

vol: 6.30
wt: 5

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13
Q

general long term effect of chronic alcohol drinkers

A

weight gain
headache
muscle weakness

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14
Q

mostly affected organ in alcohol consumption

A

liver

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15
Q

goals of alcohol withdrawal tx

A

reducing withdrawal symptoms
preventing complications
beginning long term therapy to promote alcohol abstinence

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16
Q

alcohol abuse tx

controls shakiness, anxiety, confusio

A

Benzodiazepines:
ALPRAZOLAM
TEMAZEPAM
DIAZEPAM- iv only

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17
Q

alcohol abuse tx

for agitation and hallucinations

A

antipsychotics
2 mg RISPERIDONE
5 mg HALOPERIDOL- cheaper

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18
Q

curbs Fast HR and elevated BP related to withdrawal

reduce the strain of alcohol withdrawal in people with CAD

A

beta-blockers

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19
Q

cannabinoids

A

MARIJUANA

HASHISH

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20
Q

marijuana aka

A 
blunt
dope
ganja
grass
herb
joint
bud
mary jane
pot
reefer
green
trees
smoke
sinsemilla
skunk
weed
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21
Q

marijuana is a mixture of

A

dried shredded leaves, stems, seeds, and or flowers of CANNABIS SATIVA Or CANNABIS indica (hemp)

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22
Q

AE of marijuana- mental disorders

A

schizophreniform disorders

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23
Q

marijuana taken with alcohol

A

magnified tachycardia

amplified impairment of psychomotor and driving performance

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24
Q

tx of marijuana abuse

A

no FDA approved medications

behavioral therapies

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25
Q

hashish aka

A 
boom
ganster
hash 
hash oil 
hemp
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26
Q

opioids

A

HEROIN

OPIUM

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27
Q

heroin: DIACETYLMORPHINE

A 
smack
horse
brown sugar
dope
junk
skag
skunk
white horse
china white
cheese (with OTC cold meds and antihistamine)
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28
Q

opium- LAUDANUM, PAREGORIC

A 
big o
black stuff
block
gum
hop
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29
Q

heroin form of administration

A

injected
smoked
snorted

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30
Q

opium forms of administration

A

swallowed

smoked

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31
Q

prosessed form poppy plants

A

street opioids

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32
Q

known as black tar heroin

A

opium

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33
Q

street oPioids administration

A

orally-opium
injected
smoked

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34
Q

acute effects of street opioids

A 
euphoria
warm flushing of skin
dry mouth
heavy feeling in extremities
clouded thinking
alternate wakeful And drowsy states
itching
nausea
depressed respiration
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35
Q

long term effects of street opioids

A 
addicition
physical dependence
collapsed veins
abscesses
infection of heart lining and valves 
arthritis
HIV
hep c
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36
Q

street opiods + alcohol

A

decrease HR and respiration
coma
death

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37
Q

withdrawal sx fr street opioids

A 
restlessness
muscle and bone pain
insomnia
diarrhea
Vomiting
cold flashes with goose bumps
leg movements
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38
Q

street opioids taken during pregnancy result to

A

spontaneous abortions

low birth wt

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39
Q

prescription opioids

A

HYDROCODONE
OXYCODONE
CODEINE

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40
Q

acute effects of prescription opioids

A

pain relief
nausea
constipation
euphoria

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41
Q

prescription opioids when taken by other routes result to

A

⬆️risk of depressed respiration leading to coma and death

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42
Q

long term effects of prescription opioids

A

tolerance

addiction

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43
Q

prescription opioids + alcohol

A

dec HR
respiration
coma
death

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44
Q

8-10% p, 5% of youth have used these prescription opioids

A

VICODIN

OXYCONTIN

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45
Q

APA guidelines on opioid substitution

A

METHADONE
BUPRENORPHINE
then gradually taper

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46
Q

abrupt opioid discontinuation with the use of ___ to suppress withdrwal symptoms

A

CLONIDINE

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47
Q

partial opioid agonist for withdrawal and maintenance

A

BUPRENORPHINE

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48
Q

dosage of BUPRENORPHINE

A

2-32 mg SL, daily or 3x a week

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49
Q

AE of BUPRENORPHINE

A

respi depression
HA
constipation

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50
Q

alpha 2 adrenergic antagonist for withdrawal of opioids

A

CLONIDINE

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51
Q

CLONIDINE administration for opioid use

A

0.1-0.3 mg orally every 6 hrs

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52
Q

AE of CLONIDINe

A

bradychardia
dry mouth
drowsiness

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53
Q

opioid agonist for withdrawal and maintenance

A

METHADONE

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54
Q

METHADONE admin for opioid use

A

20-100 mg orally daily

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55
Q

METHADONE AE

A

constipation

respi depression

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56
Q

opioid antagonist for opioid use withdrawal and maintenance

A

NALTREXONE

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57
Q

NALTREXONE admin

A

50-100 mg orally, daily or twice a week

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58
Q

NALTREXONE AE

A

anxiety
nausea
myalgia

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59
Q

d1,2 receptors location

A 
pontine nuclei
amygdala
olfactory bulb
deep cortex
peripheral sensory neurons
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60
Q

kappa 1,2,3 receptors location

A 
hypothalamus 
periaqueductal gray
claustrum
substantia gelatinosa in spinal cord
peripheral sensory neurons
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61
Q

mu 1,2,3 receptors location

A 
lamina 3 and 4 in cortex
thalamus
striosomes
periaqueductal gray
rostral ventromedial medulla
substantia gelatinosa in spinal cord
peripheral sensory neurons
intestinal tract
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62
Q

nociception receptor location

A 
cortex 
amygdala
hippocampus
septal nuclei
habenula 
hypothalamus
spinal cord
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63
Q

delta1,2 receptor functions

A 
analgesia
antidepressant effects
convulsant
physical dependence
mu-opioid receptor-mediated respiratory depression
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64
Q

kappa1-3 receptors functions

A 
analgesia
sedation
miosis
inh of ADH release
dysphoria
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65
Q

mu 1receptors functions

A

physical dependence

analgesia

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66
Q

mu 2 receptors functions

A 
respi depression
miosis
euphoria
reduced GI motility
physical dependence
67
Q

mu3 receptors functions

A

possible vasodilation

68
Q

nociception receptor functions

A

anxiety
depression
appetite
development of tolerance to mu agonists

69
Q

meds for history dependence lasting more than 1year

A

METHADONE

BUPRENORPHINE

70
Q

first treatment modality for opioid dependence

A

METHADONE

71
Q

newer treatment modality that became available for office-based opioid treatment in 2000

A

BUPRENORPHINE

72
Q

opioid receptor agonist at the mu receptor

antagonist at NMDA receptor

A

METHADONE

73
Q

believed to be responsible for methadone analgesic properties

A

R isomer

74
Q

NMDA antagonist and responsible for toxicities including prolonged QT interval

A

S isomer

75
Q

METHADONE is CI in

A

px with respi depression
acute bronchial asthma
hypercarbia

76
Q

opioid dependence and detox tx admin

A

at least 1 yr up to 2 yrs
initial dose 20-30 mg once daily should not exceed 30mg
maintenance 80-120 mg per day with dose adj over the 1st wk based on withdrawal symptoms

77
Q

partial mu receptor agonist

kappa receptor antagonist

A

BUPRENORPHINE

78
Q

the analgesic effect plateaus and no additional benefit is seen by increasing the dose, but an increase in adverse opioid effects is anticipated

A

ceiling effect

79
Q

phases of opioid tx

A

induction
stabilization
maintenance

80
Q

patients experiencing mild withdrawal symptoms

have avoided opiates for 6 hours

A

induction phase of office based opioid tx

81
Q

goal of induction phase of office based opioid tx

A

determine min dose of BUPRENORPHINE required to prevent further withdrawal sx, reduce cravings, provide minimal AE

82
Q

no withdrawal symptoms

A

stabilization phase of office based opioid tx

83
Q

stabilization phase of office based opioid tx lasts

A

one to two months

84
Q

longest phase of tx

psychosocial and family issues addressed

A

maintenance phase of office based opioid tx

85
Q

medication assisted BUPRENORPHINE tx lasts up to

A

6 months to 2 yrs or more

86
Q

BUPRENORPHINE or BUPRENORPHINE/NALOXONE is given

A

every 2-3 days

87
Q

stimulants

A

cocaine
amphetamines
methamphetamines

88
Q

cocaine aka

A 
blow
bump 
c
candy
charlie
coke
crack
flake
rock
snow
toot
89
Q

cocaine forms of admin

A

snorted
injected
smoked

90
Q

amphetamines aka

A 
BIPHETAMINE
DEXEDRINE
bennies
black beauties
crosses
hearts
LA 
turnaround speed
truck drivers
uppers
91
Q

amphetamines forms of admin

A

swallowed
snorted
smoked
injected

92
Q

methamphetamine aka

A 
ice 
black beauties
DESOXYN
meth
ice
crank
chalk
crystal
fire
glass
go fast
speed
93
Q

methamphetamine forms of admin

A

swallowed
snorted
smoked
injected

94
Q

stimulant (cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine) effects

A 
euphoria
hyperactivity
alertness
sense of enhanced energy
anorexia
95
Q

overdose of stimulants complications

A 
hyperthermia, heat stroke
hypertensive crisis
CVA
acute MI
intestinal infarctions
rhabdomyolysis
acute renal failure
96
Q

chronic use of stimulants effects

A 
weight loss
cardiomyopathy
paranoia
psychosis
steriotypic behavior- picking at skin "cocaine bugs"
97
Q

standard pharmacological mgt of stimulant overdose

A

neuroleptics

high doses of BENZODIAZEPINES

98
Q

crash period in stimulant withdrawal

A

depression
anxiety
aggitation
intense drug craving

99
Q

intermediate withdrawal phase of stimulant withdrawal

A

fatigue
loss of physical and mental energy
decreased interest in the surrounding environment

100
Q

late withdrawal phase of stimulant withdrawal

A

brief periods of intense drug craving

101
Q

club drugs

A

ecstasy- METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE
GHB- GABBA-HYDROXYBUTYRATE
ROHYPNOL

102
Q

appetite suppressant

both stimulant and hallucinogen

A

METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE

103
Q

Ecstasy effect lasts

A

3-6 hours

104
Q

ecstasy aka

A 
MDMA
adam
clarity
eve
lover's speed 
peace
uppers
105
Q

ecstasy forms of admin

A

swallowing
snorting
injecting

106
Q

moa of ecstasy

A

reverses the action of serotonin transporter

strongly inc extracellular serotonin concentration

107
Q

effects of ECSTASY lasting 1 month

A

confusion
anxiety
HTN
heart or kidney failure

108
Q

GHB aka

A 
G
georgia
Georgia home boy
grievous
soap
scoop
goop
liquid x
109
Q

CNS depressant that can sedate the body

sometimes used as muscle builder and to enhance sexual performance

A

GHB

110
Q

related to VALIUM, XANAX

date rape drug

A

rohypnol

FLUNITRAZEPAM

111
Q

rohypnol aka

A 
forget-me pill
mexican valium
R2 
roach
Roche
roofies
roofinol
rope
rophies
112
Q

rohypnol forms of admin

A

swallowing

snorting

113
Q

rohypnol characteristics

A 
tasteless
odorless
dissolves easily in carbonated bev
effects aggrevated by +alcohol
effect of rohypnol lasts 8-12 hrs even without alcohol
114
Q

dissociative drugs

A

KETAMINE
PCP AND ANALOGS
DEXTROMETORPHAN

115
Q

dissociative drugs effects

A 
feeling of being separate from ones body and environment
impaired motor fxn or anxiety
tremors
numbness
memory loss
nausea
116
Q

KETAMINE aka

A

ketalvar sv
k
special k
vitamin k

117
Q

ketamine forms of admin

A

injecting
snorting
smoking

118
Q

moa of ketamine

A

noncompetitive antagonism of NMDA

119
Q

ketamine effects

A

analgesia
impaired memory
delirium
respiratory depression

120
Q

phenylcyclidine aka

A 
angel dust
boat
hog
love boat
peace pill
121
Q

phenylcyclidine forms of admin

A

swallowing
smoking
injecting

122
Q

PCP effects

A 
analgesia
psychosis
aggression
violence
slurred speech
123
Q

PCP overdose tx sedation

A

HALDOL

BENZODIAZEPINES

124
Q

DEXTROMETORPHAN aka

A

DXM
robotripping
robo
triple c

125
Q

DXM forms of admin

A

swallowing

126
Q

DXM effects

A 
euphoria
slurred speech
confusion
dizziness
distorted visual perceptions
127
Q

hallicinogens

A

LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE
PSILOCYBIN
MESCALINE

128
Q

indole hallucinogens

A

LSD

PSILOCYBIN

129
Q

hallucinogens depend on

A

surrounding
emotional state

not by increased dose

130
Q

LSD aka

A 
acid
blotter
cubes
microdot
yellow submarine
131
Q

PSILOCYBIN aka

A

magic mushroom
purple passion
shrooms
little smoke

132
Q

amphetamine like hallucinogens

A

MESCALINE

133
Q

mescaline aka

A

buttons
cactus
mesc
peyote

134
Q

moderate intoxication of hallucinogens

A 
mydriasis
diaphoresis
tachycardia
short attention span
tremor
htn
hyperreflexia
fever
135
Q

untreated hyperthermia in hallucinogen toxicity can lead to

A

hypotension
coagulopathy
rhabdomyolysis
MOF

136
Q

other causes of hallucinations

A

hypoglycemia
alcohol, drug withdrawal
infection

137
Q

tx for hallucinogen caused agitation, anxiety

A

HALDOL

BENZODIAZEPINE

138
Q

androgenic anabolic steroids aka

A 
anadrol
oxandrin
durabolin
depo-testosterone
equipoise
roids
juice
gym candy
oumpers
139
Q

androgenic anabolic steroids forms of admin

A

injected
swallowed
applied to skin

140
Q

moa of androgenic anabolic steroids

A

promote growth of skeletal ms (anabolic)

development of male sexual characteristics (androgenic)

141
Q

those that prersent AAS addiction display a distinctive pattern of

A

comorbid psychopathology

142
Q

long term effect of AAS

A

liver damage

CVD: high BP, inc LDL, dec HDL, cardia hypertrophy, atherosclerosis

143
Q

aas + alcohol

A

synergystic in impulsive violent behavior - more research

144
Q

AAS abuse treatment

A

restore hormonal system after its disruption

treat specific symptoms

145
Q

inhalants

A

hydrocarbons- solvents, paints, aerosols
gases- freon, halon: fire extinguishing agent)
metallic paints- huffing

146
Q

inhalant effects

A

dysrhythmias including VF esp when EPI is used
CNS depression
seizures
respi irritation

147
Q

long tern effects of inhalants

A

myelin breakdown leading to spasms, tremors, possible permanent motor impairment
liver or kidney damage

148
Q

TOLUENE in pregnancy

A

spontaneous abortions

fetal malformations

149
Q

relatively safe taken by themselves, even in overdose

A

BENZODIAZEPINES

150
Q

BENZODIAZEPINE overdose tx

A

FLUMANEZIL (romazicon)

151
Q

an imidazobenzodiazepine derivative

A

FLUMANEZIL

152
Q

FLUMANEZIL moa

A

antagonizes the actions of BENZODIAZEPINES on the CNS

competitively inh the activity at the recognition site on the GABA or receptor complex

153
Q

benzodiazepines

A 
DIAZEPAM (valium)
LORAZEPAM (ativan)
MIDAZOLAM (dormicum)
CHLORODIAZEPOXIDE (librium)
CHLORAZEPATE DIPOTASSIUM (tranxene)
FLURAZEPAM (dalmane)
TRIAZOLAM (halcion)
TEMAZEOAM (restoril)
154
Q

drugs causing BOTH psychic and physical dependence

A

OPIATES

BARBITURATES

155
Q

narcotic user

A

mainlining or junkie

156
Q

narcotic withdrawal without medical tx

A

cold turkey

157
Q

enslavement or narcotic dependence

A

monkey on my back

158
Q

LSD user

A

acid heads

159
Q

amphetamine user

A

speed freaks

160
Q

classic amphetamines

A

DEXTROAMPHETAMINE
METAMPHETAMINE
METHYLPHENIDATE

161
Q

moa of classic amphetamines

A

inc synaptic dopamine primarily by stimulating presynaptic release

162
Q

amphetamine related substances

A

EPHEDRINE
PROPANOLAMINE
FENFLURAMKNE
PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE

163
Q

designer amphetamines

A

MDMA
MDEA
DOM

164
Q

moa of designer amphetamines

A

inc release of catecholamines(dopamine, NE) and serotonin

165
Q

most potent hallucinogen

A

LSD

Pharmacology (8 decks)

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