Drug Flashcards
What is the definition of addiction according to the World Health Organization?
A multi-factorial health disorder that often follows the course of a relapsing and remitting chronic disease
Characterized by: compulsion, loss of control, tolerance, physical withdrawal, strong desire to use, and dependence despite adverse consequences.
Who are ‘John’ and ‘Jack’ in the context of the drug market?
‘John’ is a social supplier who sells only to friends and has never experienced violence. ‘Jack’ is a crack addict from a background of criminality who uses violence in his selling career.
What is Economic Compulsive Violence?
A theory suggesting that drug users may commit crimes to support their addiction, influenced by the cost of acquisitive crime
Goldstein’s analysis from the 1980s in New York highlighted this relationship.
True or False: Heroin increases aggression.
False
Heroin suppresses hostility and aggression according to Lindesmith (1941).
What is Goldstein’s (1985) Tripartite Framework?
A framework that categorizes the relationship between drugs and violence into three types: psychopharmacological, economic compulsive, and systemic violence.
What are the advantages of app-mediated drug supply?
- Immediacy and convenience
- Range of substances
- Ubiquity and ‘security’ of apps
- Visual dealing practices
Apps like Snapchat and Wickr provide features that enhance the drug dealing experience.
Fill in the blank: Addiction is characterized by a strong, sometimes overwhelming desire to take drugs, despite significant _______.
difficulties
What does the Recognising Addiction as a Disease Act, 2007 state?
Addiction is a chronic, relapsing brain disease characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use, despite harmful consequences.
What is the ‘moral economy’ of heroin use?
A concept suggesting that heroin use can provide a sense of community, support from peers, and a meaningful life structure
Referenced by Wakeman (2016) and Lalander (2001).
What did Gabor Mate (2008) define addiction as?
Any behavior that a person finds pleasure or relief in and craves, but suffers negative consequences and can’t give up.
What is the Rat Park Experiment?
A study by Bruce Alexander that demonstrated the importance of social environment in addiction, showing that rats in enriched environments preferred plain water over drug-laced water.
What does the term ‘psychosocial integration’ refer to in the context of addiction?
A theory suggesting that social determinants are more important than individual differences in understanding addiction
This theory emphasizes the need for social integration and meaning to reduce addiction.
What is the relationship between addiction and emotional pain according to Gabor Mate?
Addiction is related to emotional pain relief and neurobiological development stemming from early adversity.
True or False: The drug crime link is well established but must be carefully applied.
True
What is the significance of the drug market being described as diverse and shifting?
It indicates that there are multiple drug markets rather than a singular market, reflecting varying behaviors and structures.
What does ‘addiction as poverty of spirit/dislocation’ imply?
It suggests that addiction is not just an individual issue but is influenced by broader social factors, emphasizing the role of social integration.
