Drosophilia: Hox genes (L16) Flashcards

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1
Q

Do drosophilia have a fixed number of segments, with each segment having a defined regional identity?

A

YES

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2
Q

What makes up the head section of a drosophilia?

A
  • Mandibular
  • Labial
  • Maxillary
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3
Q

What makes up the thorax section of a drosophilia?

A

T1, leg 1, no wing
T2, leg 2, wing
T3, leg 3, haltere

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4
Q

What makes up the abdomen section of a drosophilia?

A

A1-A8

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5
Q

What do adult ectodermal structures develop from?

A

Imaginal discs

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6
Q

What are imaginal discs?

A

Pad of undifferentiated cells in larva, each has its own fate and fate map.

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7
Q

What is meant by trans-determination?

A

Discs can be subdivided and implanted into host embryos and will usually develop according to type but occasionally give rise to unexpected structures.

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8
Q

Mutant flied observed in the 1890’s showed what?

A

Inappropriate appendages on certain segments; HOMEOTIC MUTANTS.

  • ‘antennapedia’- antennae converted to legs
  • ‘bithroax’ anterior compartment of haltere transformed into anterior wind
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9
Q

Homeotic mutations mapped by Ed Lewis showed existence of what..

A

clusters of related genes on a chromosome.

Hox gene clusters thought to have arisen by tandem gene duplication.

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10
Q

What is co-linearity?

A

The linear sequence of genes on chromosome is the same as the order of expression in the fly

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11
Q

Sequencing of the Hox gene revealed a what…

A

homeobox

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12
Q

What is a homeotic gene?

A

A gene which defines a region or position in the embryo.

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13
Q

What is a homeobox?

A

A region of DNA in homeotic genes that encodes a DNA-binding domain called the homeodomain.

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14
Q

What is a hox gene?

A

a family of the homeobox- containing genes that are also part of homeotic gene complex

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15
Q

What is the Hom-C complex?

A

The collective name of the antennapedia and bithroax gene clusters?

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16
Q

What is the structure of the homeobox?

A

180 base pairs encoding for the homeodomain, 60 amino acid sequence includes a helix-turn-helix motif.

17
Q

Distal-less does what?

A

activates gene pathway for limb formation, regulated by ULTRABITHROAX.

18
Q

Decapentaplegic does what?

A

triggers cell shape changes in the gut, is regulated by ULTRABITHORAX

19
Q

Reaper does what?

A

Apoptosis, regulated by DEFORMED

20
Q

Dapentaplegic does what?

A

Prevents cell changes in posterior positions, regulated by adominal-B