Drops Flashcards
Examples of mydriatic drops?
Atropine
Cyclopentolate
Tropicamide
Phenylephrine
What is the duration of action of atropine?
Indication?
MOA?
1-2 weeks
Therapeutic in anterior uveitis
Anticholinergic - blocks parasympathetic sphincter pupillae muscle action and accomodation muscles of ciliary body
Duration of action of cyclopentolate?
Indication?
MOA?
Effect in 25-75 mins
Recovery over 6-24 hours
Therapeutic
Anticholinergic - blocks parasympathetic sphincter pupillae muscle action and accomodation muscles of ciliary body
Duration of action of tropicamide
Indication?
MOA?
Effect within 15-20 minutes
Recovery over 4-8 hours
Ophthalmic examination
Anticholinergic - blocks parasympathetic sphincter pupillae muscle action and accomodation muscles of ciliary body
Duration of action of phenylephrine? Indication? MOA?
3-6 hours
Ophthalmic examination
Sympathetic agonist - stimulation of dilator pupillae
What is cycloplegia
Paralysis of ciliary muscles resulting in loss of accommodation reflex
What is the accommodation reflex
Optic nerve Lateral geniculate nucles Optic radiations Occipital lobe Edinger Westphal nucleus Occulomotor nerve
Parasympathetics -> Sphincter pupillae
Ciliary body
Medial rectus
Pupils constrict
Eyes converge
Lens becomes more convex
What are uses of mydriatic and cycloplegics?
Dilate pupil for visualisation of retina
Paralyse accommodation in mx of amblyopia in children
What are CI to mydriatics?
Close angle glaucoma
Allergy
Avoid phenylephrine in children
What are side effects of mydriatics?
Whitening of eyelids due to vasoconstriction
Atropine causes redness of face and warm sensation
Sting eyes
Cannot drive until blurring effect has worn off
What should you warn patient
Cannot drive until blurring effects have warn off
Check for allergies
What are uses of fluorescein drops?
Highlight defects in the corneal epithelium
Used when measuring intraocular pressure (tonometry)
Stains an cell it enters marking any damaged areas
What are side effects of fluorescein drops?
Staining of skin and clothes 6-12h
May stain contact lenses
What drops can be used to constrict the pupil?
Indication?
MOA?
Pilocarpine - muscarinic agonist
Acute close angle glaucoma
Increases Uuveoscleral outflow by opening trabecular meshwork through ciliary muscle contraction
