Drivers in emerging infectious disease

Question 1

Emerging Infectious Disease

Answer 1

an emerging infectious disease is one that has appeared in a population for the first time, or that may have existed previously but is rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range

Question 2

Common characteristics of EIDs (3)

Answer 2

• majoriting of events are bacterial (54%)
• 60% are zoonotic (72% from wildlife)
• EID events are increasing

Question 3

Drivers of Disease Emergence (3)

Answer 3

1. ecological
2. social
3. economic

Question 4

Predictors of EID

Answer 4

• human population density is the greatest overall predictor
• wildlife host species richness is a significant predictor for those zoonotic diseases of wildlife origin
• non-wildlife zoonotic EIDs predicted by human population density and population growth

Question 5

Common/important examples of EID drivers (10)

Answer 5

1. changes in land use (viruses and zoonoses)
2. changes in human demographics
3. poor population health (fungal)
4. hospital and medical procedures
5. pathogen evolution (bacteria)
6. food and water contamination (bacteria)
7. international travel (virus)
8. failure of public health programs
9. international trade
10. climate change