Drivers behind rebellion/social disorder 1485-1603 Flashcards
State the rebellions/plots under Henry VII
- Northern Yorkshire 1489
- Cornish rebellion 1497
- Lambert Simnell 1486
- Pekrin Warbeck 1491-9
What evidence is there to argue the Northern Yorkshire + The Cornish rebellions were politically motivated
The Northern yorkshire rebellion be characterised as having both political influences + economic factors.
- Whilst demand for extraordinary revenue + taxation sparked it, it was in opposition to Henry VIIs attempted defence of brittany which many northern citizens deemed insignificant and thus they shouldn’t be required to pay increased taxes to finance it. So people are dissatisfied with what this money is being used towards ie political reasons.
- The cornish rebellion was also sparked by extraordinary revenue and taxes, however this finance was required to defend the country from international + political threat against perkin warbeck. Cornwall saw themselves as an autonomous entity.
So both political + economic factors are present within rebellion/disorder under Henry VIIs
What evidence is there to argue that the Lambet Simnel + Perkin Warbeck impostures were politically motivated
Lambert simnel + perkin warbeck are politically motivated as the primary cause is dynastic succession. Ie sminel pretends to be the earl of warwick one of the disappeared princes in the tower + werbeck pretends to be richard duke of york. Both were thus Yorkist figureheads people could ray in support in favor of the torkist cause. Simnel gaind mass support from margaret of burgundy, officials and leaders in ireland, the earl of lincoln. Warbeck was backed by Margaret of Burgundy, Scotland and france.
State the rebellion under Henry VIII
- The Pilgrimage of Grace 1537
What was the Pilgrimage of Grace primary motivated by?
The POG was the largest Tudor rebellion with 30,000 involved. Religion was a unifying + core factor behind the rebellion. It took place following key catholic doctrinal practices being eradicated such as the authorisation of the 2nd act to dissolve the larger monasteries, the act of 10 articles + the royal injunctions of 1536 which assaulted key catholic beliefs like pilgramages and holy days.
However political factors did have a role within the unrest under henry VIII as political marginalisation of the upper classes and catholic/northern nobility sparked many peoples participation. This was in response to the rising status of individuals at court such as wolsey + cromwell who traditional nobility despised. Ie cramner and cromwell were all key individuals targeted by banners and manifestos within the rebels demands emphasising there discontent toward these political advisors.
May also wanted the restoration of princess mary into the line of succession , papal supremacy and opposed henry’s divorce to catherine of aragon. Therefore whilst the prilagrame is primarily religiously motivated following the break with rome + the act of supremacy of 1534 declaring henry as supreme head of the church of england any rebellion or threat against the church becomes a rebellion against the state, the monarch and the crown which then becomes motivated by political factors becomes a political rebellion because by going against the church of england ultimately they are going against henry VIII.
What were the primary causes of rebellion/social disorder under Edward?
Rebellions under Edward were primarily economic/ religiously motivated rebellions;
- The western rebellion were primarily a reaction to the publication of the new first book of common prayer pf 1549 written buy the protestant bishop cramner, rebells demanded a list of demands including the reintroduction of Henry VIIIS act of 6 articles, pilgrimages + latin in church services and for the bible.
- The ketts rebellion was primarily dominated by socio-economic factors + discontent much of which somerset exacerbated himself via enclosure policies, sheep taxes and continuous crown expenditure, loas + the debasement of the coinage.
State the 2 key rebellions under Edward VI
- The Western rebellion 1549
- The Ketts rebellion 1549
State the 2 key rebellions/unrest under Mary I
- Northumberlands Deyse 1552
- The Wyatts rebellion 1554
What were the primary causes of rebellions/disorder under Mary?
Northumberland’s Deyse;
- Northumberland was certainly politically motivated, theres desire to change the line of succession completely eradicate both Mary from the succession in favour of Lady Jane Grey as well as to increase his own political power + influence.
Thus whilst it is motivated by religion + prevention of catholic monarch in army reimposing roman catholicism within england after edwards death ultimately its more so in the aim of retaining his own political position.
Wyatts rebellion:
- Certainly both religiously + politically motivated.
The core issue is opposition towards marys spanish marriage to Philip II of spain. It was so widely unpopular that large proportions engaged in it, it had mass support so much so that initially it was going to be 4 simultaneous uprisings across england despite the fract that only one led by thomas wyatt actually ended up being fully materialised. It was driven by a nationalistic fear of spanish inetrvention + papal interfernace following marys sucsession + the politcial effects a female monarch marrying into a foreign marriage could have upon the English throne + the fear was england would become a pawn for pro-spanish foreign policy.
Theres a continuous theme of rebels demanding better and more appropriate councillors. However majority of rebels came form maidstone a protestant stronghold so iy was certainly religiously motivated + demonstrated that despite being a minority, protestants couldnt be ignored.
State the 2 core rebellions/disorder under Elizabeths reign
- The Revolt of the Northern Earls 1569
- The Ireland rebellion - Shane O’Niell 1595
What were the primary causes of The Revolt of the Northern Earls?
The Revolt of the northern earls was driven by political + religious factors;
Political reasons;
Many northern nobility’s ambitions were crushed due to the transition from regional to royal control which aggravated some nobility. Elizabeth had take lands from these nobles so grievances were also personal which likely tightened there desire to see her deposed by Mary. There’s this political marginalisation of catholic nobility at court + many despised Ceil influence + power which seemed to epitomise their own acute lack of influence.
Religious;
The Duke of Norfolk desired to marry Mary + replace Elizabeth as queen. It was partly religiously motivated, as Northfolk + some nobles desired the restoration of catholicism which would be ensured by putting Mary on the throne. Thus religion was partly used to incite bells + the ordinary man to engage within rebellion as for everyday citizens it is either religious or economic factors, those with effects there everyday lives + welfare not the political grievances which made them feel there involvement is required.
What were the primary causes of the Irish Revolt under Elizabeth?
Shane O’Neill + Ireland rebellion 1595-1503;
O’Neill primarily rebelled for political reasons + grievances such us;
Elizabeth’s subjecting of Ireland to policy of ‘englishness’ , the implantation of protestants to dilute catholicism within Ireland + her frequent sue of martial law within Ireland.
Many including Neil wanted an autonomous and independent ireland + this tumultuous colonisation of ireland had always been problematic even under Henry VIII and thus there were long-term desires for independence from england. Initial relations were stable as during the period where Ceil + Dudely advisied the queen he felt his needs and that of irelands were d however with the deaths of these two key advisors in the 1590s he felt ostracised which catalyst rebellion so its this concept of political marginalisation which is the driver behind revolt.
