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Transmissions > Drive Axles > Flashcards

Drive Axles Flashcards

1
Q

What is torque reaction?

A

When the vehicle rotates around the wheel as opposed to the wheels rotating

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2
Q

What drive systems have been developed to suit modern requirements?

A
  • De-Dion Type Drive
  • Torque Tube Drive
  • Hotchkiss open-Type Drive
  • Four-Link (Semi-Hotchkiss) Drive
  • Front Wheel Drive (FWD)
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3
Q

What drive system uses an upper control arm and a lower control arm?

A

4 link (semi-hotchkiss)

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4
Q

What drive assembly doesn’t have an exposed prop shaft?

A

Torque tube

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5
Q

What drive assembly has exposed drive shafts?

A

De dion

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6
Q

Why is there a seal on a final drive assembly?

A

Because oil is encased

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7
Q

What are the 2 main gears in a final drive assembly?

A

Pinion and crown wheel

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8
Q

What are the purposes of a final drive?

A
  • To transmit drive through an angle of 90 degrees
  • To provide a gear ration that reduces the speed at which the gearbox output shaft rotates
  • Permit an additional system and constant gear reduction in the transmission system
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9
Q

How is the taper decided on a final drive?

A

The point of the taper needs to meet the centre of the crown wheel

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10
Q

Why don’t final drive assemblies use straight gears?

A

unacceptable noise levels

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11
Q

What type of oil is used to lubricate final drive?

A

Extreme pressure oil

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12
Q

Where should hypoid pinions be offset in light and heavy vehicles?

A

Light - Below the centre line

Heavy - Above the centre line

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13
Q

What is used to cool worm drives?

A

A large well cooled sump

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14
Q

What types of worm drive final assemblies are there?

A
  • Overhead
  • Underslung
  • Hindley worm
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15
Q

What two ways are there to measure the pre loading of pinion bearings?

A
  • Spring balance

- Pre-loading gauge

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16
Q

What two types of spacer is used to determine pre load of a pinion bearing?

A
  • Rigid spacer

- Ductile spacer

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17
Q

What type of nut signifies that you have a ductile spacer?

A

Castellated nut

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18
Q

What must you do prior to replacing the oil seal on a final drive assembly when there is a ductile spacer?

A

Ensure you draw a line on the nut

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19
Q

What is backlash?

A

The gap between the pinion and the flywheel

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20
Q

What is crown wheel run out?

A

Deviation from the centre as it rotates

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21
Q

What are the components of a differential?

A
  • Sun wheels for each axle
  • Axle shafts
  • Planet pinions
  • Cross pin
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22
Q

Where is the differential housed?

A

In the differential cage

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23
Q

What are the two main types of limited slip differential?

A
  • Mechanical LSD

- Visco LSD

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24
Q

What two ways can viscous control be installed and connected in a differential?

A
  • Shaft to shaft: hub of coupling joined to one axle shaft and the housing joined to the other axle
  • Shaft to cage: hub of coupling joined to one axle shaft, housing is integral with the differential cage
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25
Q

What two types of live axle are there?

A
  • Banjo-type casing

- Carrier-type casing

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26
Q

What type of casing is used more often to support a hypoid gear?

A

Carrier type casing

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27
Q

What is transmission wind up?

A

A condition in which a positive torque occurs in one axle and a negative torque in the other

28
Q

What can transmission wind up occur in?

A

4WD vehicles

Tandem drive vehicles (HGV)

29
Q

What’s the difference between axle wind up and transmission wind up?

A

Axle wind up is side to side and transmission wind up is front to rear

30
Q

What three main groups do axle shafts fall in to?

A
  • Semi Floating
  • Three Quarter Floating
  • Fully floating
31
Q

What forces act on a semi floating axle?

A

Torsion, bending, compressive and tensile, shear

32
Q

What forces act on a semi floating axle?

A

Torsion, bending, compressive and tensile, shear

33
Q

What forces act on a three quarter floating axle?

A
  • Torsion
  • Bending
  • Tensile and compressive
34
Q

What forces act on a fully floating axle?

A

Torsional

35
Q

What forces act on a fully floating axle?

A

Torsional

36
Q

What is the purpose of hub reduction axles?

A

To increase torque at the wheel hub

37
Q

What is the purpose of hub reduction axles?

A

To increase torque at the wheel hub

38
Q

What advantages are there for using a tubular prop shaft?

A
  • Light weight
  • High resistance to misalignment
  • Good torsional strength
  • Low resistance to changes in angular speed
38
Q

What advantages are there for using a tubular prop shaft?

A
  • Light weight
  • High resistance to misalignment
  • Good torsional strength
  • Low resistance to changes in angular speed
39
Q

What advantages are there for using a tubular prop shaft?

A
  • Light weight
  • High resistance to misalignment
  • Good torsional strength
  • Low resistance to changes in angular speed
40
Q

What is implemented on a prop shaft to correct any imbalances?

A

Spot welding small patches on to the shaft

41
Q

What is implemented on a prop shaft to correct any imbalances?

A

Spot welding small patches on to the shaft

42
Q

What is excessive whip at high speeds in a prop shaft known as?

A

Whirling speed

43
Q

What is excessive whip at high speeds in a prop shaft known as?

A

Whirling speed

44
Q

What is whip of a prop shaft caused by?

A

Sagging due to its own weight

45
Q

What is whip of a prop shaft caused by?

A

Sagging due to its own weight

46
Q

What 3 things can we do to eliminate the sag and whirling speed caused at the drop shaft?

A
  • The length of the shaft
  • The diameter of the shaft
  • Making the shaft out of two smaller pieces
47
Q

What are the requirements for modern joints for a propshaft?

A
  • Strength
  • Compactness
  • Large drive angles
  • Shaft balance
  • Operating speed
48
Q

What groups of modern joints do we have?

A
  • Cross type/Universal joint
  • Rubber joint
  • Constant velocity joint (CV)
49
Q

What groups of modern joints do we have?

A
  • Cross type/Universal joint
  • Rubber joint
  • Constant velocity joint (CV)
50
Q

What type of bearings are used in a hardy Spicer UJ?

A

Needle roller bearings

50
Q

What type of bearings are used in a hardy Spicer UJ?

A

Needle roller bearings

51
Q

What 3 ways can a Hardy Spicer UJ be retained?

A
  • Circlip
  • Peening
  • Bolted
52
Q

What 3 ways can a Hardy Spicer UJ be retained?

A
  • Circlip
  • Peening
  • Bolted
53
Q

What is the disadvantage of using a Hardy Spicer joint?

A

Lacks ability to absorb torsional shock

53
Q

What is the disadvantage of using a Hardy Spicer joint?

A

Lacks ability to absorb torsional shock

54
Q

What types of rubber universal joints are there?

A
  • Moulton
  • Layrub
  • Doughnut
55
Q

What types of rubber universal joints are there?

A
  • Moulton
  • Layrub
  • Doughnut
56
Q

What type of CV joints do we have?

A
  • Weiss
  • Tracta
  • Rzeppa
  • Tripode
  • Plunge
57
Q

What type of CV joints do we have?

A
  • Weiss
  • Tracta
  • Rzeppa
  • Tripode
  • Plunge
58
Q

What is the purpose of a CV joint?

A

To provide an output shaft speed equal to that of the input in all shaft positions within the working range of the joint

59
Q

Why is a plunge joint needed in a CV joint?

A

To allow for up and down suspension movement causing a change in length of the driveshafts

60
Q

Why is a plunge joint needed in a CV joint?

A

To allow for up and down suspension movement causing a change in length of the driveshafts

61
Q

What plunge joint arrangement would you have on front and rear axles?

A

Front - CV joint at the wheel end and plunge at the other

Rear - Plunge at both ends

62
Q

What plunge joint arrangement would you have on front and rear axles?

A

Front - Plunge at the wheel end and CV at the other

Rear - Plunge at both ends

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