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AU14 - Operative > Drilling and Instruments > Flashcards

Drilling and Instruments Flashcards

1
Q

Dental material used to restore back function and morphology of the missing part of the tooth structure

A

Restoration

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2
Q

Dental material placed in a soft state directly in cavity preparation to restore contour before it sets hard

A

Direct restoration

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3
Q

A restoration fabricated outside the oral cavity then cemented or bonded to the tooth

A

Indirect restoration

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4
Q

Two types of handpieces

A

1-Air driven

2-Electric

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5
Q

Mainstay handpiece for cutting teeth

A

Air driven

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6
Q

Quieter handpick that cuts with higher torque, higher power and less stalling

A

Electric

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7
Q
  • <12,000rpm
  • no water coolants
  • less efficient, more controlled removal
  • uses = controlled removal near pulp, coronal polishing, and finishing and polishing procedures
A

Slow Speed Handpiece

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8
Q

12,000-20,000rpm

A

Medium speed Handpiece

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9
Q
  • > 200,000 rpm
  • generates considerable amount of heat (needs water coolants)
  • most cutting efficiency (less vibration and discomfort)
  • uses = teeth prep and removal of old restorations
A

High Speed Handpiece

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10
Q

4 parts of a handpiece

A

head, attachment, shaft, and coupler

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11
Q

Part of handpiece that attaches the handpiece to the delivery unit and supplies air and water to it

A

coupler

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12
Q

What is the type of bur a straight handpiece uses, and what procedures is a straight handpiece used for?

A

long shank type burs/straight burs; extra oral procedures (e.g. finishing a crown)

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13
Q

______ and ______ heads can attach to a contrangled slow speed head

A

latch type and friction grip

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14
Q

Latch type (RA) heads accept only ________ burs, which are _____________ than the friction grip burs

A

latch end, larger in diameter

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15
Q

Friction grip burs have ______ diameter and ________ shanks than latch type

A

smaller, shorter

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16
Q

Types of friction grip heads

A
  1. push button

2. bur tool type

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17
Q

Friction generated from internal spring assembly is used to hold the bur

A

push button head

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18
Q

A special tool using force to overcome and generate friction is used to hold the bur

A

bur tool type head

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19
Q

Three types of rotary instruments

A
  1. bladed instruments
  2. DIamond (abrasive instruments)
  3. Other abrasives
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20
Q

Number of blades on excavating/cutting burs vs. finishing burs

A

6-8 on cutting burs, 10-20 on finishing burs

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21
Q

How does number of blades affect the finish?

A

More blades, smoother finish

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22
Q

Color coding system for finishing burs

A

Red = 10-12
Yellow - 16-20
White = 30

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23
Q

Carbide blades – reason for that material and uses

A 
reason = carbide stronger and harder than stainless steel
uses = intracoronal preps
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24
Q

Metal blank on which small diamond particles are held together within a softer matrix

A

Diamond instruments

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25
Q

Uses for diamond instruments

A

Extracoronal preps

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26
Q

Shank colors for diamond instruments in order of ascending degree of grit

A 
yellow (superfine), 
red, 
blue, 
green, 
black (super coarse)
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27
Q

Types of “other abrasives”

A

Coated or molded

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28
Q

Purpose of coated abrasives

A

abrasives on flexible backing to finish restorations

29
Q

Molded abrasives can be used for _______ and _______ if rigid or ________ and ______ if flexible

A

Grinding and shaping if rigid

Finishing and polishing if flexible

30
Q

Abrasives that can be mounted or unmounted and rigid or flexible

A

Molded abrasives

31
Q

Round, inverted cone, pear shaped, plain cylindrical fissure, and plain tapered fissure are the designs of what?

A

Designs of bur heads

32
Q

Numbers associated with round burs

A

1/4 - 11 (starts at 0.5mm and diameter increases)

33
Q

Numbers associated with inverted cone burs

A

331/2-40

34
Q

Pear shaped bur numbers

A

229-333

35
Q

330 bur length, taper, and diameter

A 
l = 1.5 mm
taper = 8 degrees
d = 0.8mm
36
Q

245 bur length, taper, and diameter

A 
l = 3.0 mm
taper = 4 degrees
d= 0.8mm
37
Q

Plain cylindrical fissures numbers

A

55-59 or 200 series for rounded corners

38
Q

Plain tapered fissure

A

169-172

39
Q

Designation for end cutting (when only end has blades)

A

900 (e.g. 956)

40
Q

Cross cut bur designation

A

500 before bur number, also a 700 version

41
Q

Fracture caused by crack formation upon tensile loading; the type of fracture that occurs in enamel

A

Brittle fracture

42
Q

What type of cutting is most efficient with brittle materials?

A

Abrasive cutting

43
Q

Fracture caused by plastic deformation of the material by shearing

A

Ductile fracture

44
Q

What type of cutting is most efficient with ductile material?

A

Bladed cutting

45
Q

What kind of fracture do teeth undergo?

A

Both - brittle and ductile

46
Q

What kind of burs perform abrasive cutting?

A

Diamond burs

47
Q

How does bladed cutting work? What is it recommended for?

A

Cuts by shearing layers of tooth structure

Recommended for intracoronal preparations

48
Q

Rake face

A

Surface that forms chip, is the surface of the blade toward direction of cutting

49
Q

Clearance face

A

Surface that clears away the chips, is away from the direction of cutting

50
Q

Edge angle

A

between rake and clearance angles

51
Q

Rake angle

A

between radial line and rake face

52
Q

Clearance angle

A

angle that provides clearance between the cutting edge and tooth structure

53
Q

The angle to describe when the radius (from cutting edge to axis of bur) is ahead of the rake face

A

Positive rake angle

also assoc’d with higher cutting efficiency, larger chips, smaller chip space, chip clogging, and fracture

54
Q

Match the following to the correct rake angle:

  • higher cutting efficiency
  • smaller chips
  • larger chip space
  • clogging of chip space
A
  • higher cutting efficiency = positive rake angle
  • smaller chips = negative rake angle
  • larger chip space = negative rake angle
  • clogging of chip space = positive
55
Q

The angle to describe when the rake face is ahead of the radius (from cutting edge to axis of bur).

A

Negative rake angle

(also assoc’d with decreased cutting efficiency, smaller chips, no chip clogging, and sparing of cutting edge preventing fracture)

56
Q

Prevents blade from rubbing the tooth surface. The larger this angle, the less friction and bur dulling.

A

Clearance angle

57
Q

Name the four types of hand instruments and an example of each

A

examination instruments (non cutting) - explorer

hand cutting instruments - hatchet

restorative instruments (non cutting) - condenser

accessory instruments - Miller forceps

58
Q

What is the blade and handle made of in hand cutting instruments?

A

Blade = carbon steel (harder than stainless steel)

Handle = stainless steel (corrosion resistant and retains shine0

59
Q

Shank design must insure ______ to concentrate the force onto the blade without rotating the instrument

A

Balance

60
Q

Black’s instrument formula (general)

A

3 or 4 unit code used to describe a cutting instrument

61
Q

Define each number of Black’s basic instrument formula

A

1st number = width of the blade in tenth of a mm (10=1mm)

2nd number = length of blade in mm

3rd number = angulation of the blade to the long axis of the handle, expressed in 100ths of a circle and always <50

62
Q

Define each number of Black’s 4 number formula

A 
1st = width of blade in tenth of mm
2nd = primary cutting edge angle (>50)
3rd = blade length in mm
4th = blade angle relative to long axis
63
Q

In what direction is force applied when using direct cutting, and how is the instrument held agains the wall being planed?

A

Force is applied perpendicular to cutting edge. Instrument is held parallel to wall being planed to keep the cutting edge in contact with the wall.

64
Q

In what direction is force applied when using indirect/lateral cutting, and how is the instrument held agains the wall being planed?

A

Force is exerted parallel to cutting edge. The instrument is moved from away from the beveled side.

65
Q

Three types of chisels and their purpose

A
  1. Straight/ slightly curved/bin angled chisels (push motion)
  2. Enamel Hatchet: direct cutting and lateral cutting
  3. Gingival marginal trimmer: lateral cutting
66
Q

The cutting edge is ______ to the long axis of the handle of an enamel hatchet

A

parallel

67
Q

In a ___________ the blade is curved and not milled in a single plane. This accentuates ________ cutting.

A

Gingival marginal trimmer, lateral

68
Q

Ordinary hatchets, hoes (pull), angle formers, and spoons

A

Types of instruments in the excavator family

AU14 - Operative (5 decks)

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