Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Oregon DRE 2019 > DRE Glossary of Terms > Flashcards

DRE Glossary of Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Accommodation Reflex

A

The adjustment of the eyes for viewing at various distances.

Meaning the pupils will automatically constrict as objects move closer and dilate as objects move further away

(Constrict=move closer)
(Dilate=move away)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Addiction

A

Habitual, psychological, and physiological DEPENDENCE on a substance beyond one’s voluntary control.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Additive Effect

A

One mechanism of polydrug interaction.

For particular indicator of impairment, two drugs produce an additive effect if both affect the indicator in the same way.

Ex: Cocaine elevates pulse rate & PCP does as well. The combo of Cocaine/PCP produces the additive effect on PULSE RATE.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Afferent “Sensory” Nerves

A

Nerves that carry messages to the brain, from various parts of the body, including notably the sense organs (eyes, ears, etc.).

Sensory nerves are also known as afferent nerves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Alkaloid

A

A chemical that is found in, and can be physically extracted from, some substance.

Ex: Morphine is a natural alkaloid of Opium. Meaning it does not require a chemical reaction to produce Morphine from Opium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Analog (of a drug)

A

A chemical that is very similar to the drug, both both in terms of:

  1. Molecular Structure
  2. Psychoactive effects

Ex: Ketamine is an analog of PCP.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Anesthetic

A

A drug that produces a general or local INSENSIBILITY to pain and other sensations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Antagonistic Effect

A

One mechanism of polydrug interaction.

For particular indicator of impairment, two drugs produce an antagonistic effect if they affect the indicator in the opposite way.

Ex: Heroin constricts the pupils, while Cocaine Dilates the pupils. The combo produces an antagonistic effect on PUPIL SIZE.

Note: depending on dose and timing, the suspects pupils could be constricted, dilated or within DRE Avg Range.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Arrhythmia (Cardiac)

A

An abnormal heart rate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Artery

A

The strong, elastic blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Autonomic Nerve

A

A motor nerve that carries messages to the muscles and organs that we do NOT CONSCIOUSLY CONTROL.

Two kinds of autonomic nerves:

  1. The Sympathetic nerves
  2. Parasympathetic nerves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Axon

A

The part of a neuron (nerve cell) that sends out a neurotransmitter (chemical messenger).

Neuron has 3 parts:
The Cell Body
The Axon
The Dendrite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

“Bad Trip”

A

A hallucination where the user becomes:

  • panic stricken by what they are seeing or hearing.
  • user may become uncontrollably excited
  • user may even try to flee from the terror.

Note: Overdose Sign for a Hallucinogen is an Intense “Bad Trip”.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)

A

The % of alcohol in a person’s blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Blood Alcohol Contration (BrAC)

A

The % of alcohol in a person’s blood as measured by a breath testing device.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Bipolar Disorder

A

A condition characterized by the alteration of MANIC and DEPRESSIVE states.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Blood Pressure (BP)

A

The force exerted by blood on the walls of the arteries.

Blood pressure changes continuously, as the ❤️ cycles between contraction (systolic) and expansion (diastolic).

Note DRE Avg. Ranges:
Systolic BP: 120-140 mmHg
Diastolic BP: 70-90 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Bradycardia

A

Abnormally SLOW ❤️ rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Bradypnea

A

Abnormally SLOW rate of BREATHING.

Note: One overdose sign for a Narcotic Analgesic is Slow, shallow breathing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Bruxism

A

Grinding of Teeth.

Note: Often associated with CNS Stimulants as a general indicator, especially Cocaine.

“Eating of one’s face”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cannabis

A

Drug Category. Matrix Slot 7

Includes Marijuana, Hashish, and synthetics like K2, spice.

Active ingredient: a chemical called:
Delta-9 tetra/hydro/cannabinol (THC)
Metabolite: Carboxy THC

Keys: 
HGN: None
VGN: None
LOC: Present
PS: Dilated (6)-Pupil size possibly normal.
R2L: Normal
PR: Up
BP: Up
BT: Normal
MT: Normal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Carboxy THC

A

A metabolite of THC (tetrahydrocannabinol).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

A system within the body consisting of:

  1. the brain
  2. the brain stem
  3. the spinal cord.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cheyne-Stokes Respiration

A

Abnormal pattern of breathing.

Marked by breathless and deep, fast breathing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

CNS Depressants

A

Drug category: matrix slot 1.

Includes the following drugs:
1. Alcohol (ETOH)
2. Barbiturates 
3. Anti-Anxiety Tranquilizers
As well as numerous others. 
Keys: 
HGN: Present
VGN: Present H/D
LOC: Present
PS-Normal (1)-Soma, Quaal., & some AD usually dilate pupils. 
R2L: Slow
PR: Down (2)-Quaaludes, ETOH, & some AD may elevate.
BP: Down
BT: Normal
MT: Flaccid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

CNS Stimulants

A

Drug category: matrix slot 2.

Includes the following drugs:
1. Cocaine
2. The Amphetamines
3. Ritalin
4. Desoxyn
As well as numerous others. 
Keys: 
HGN: None
VGN: None
LOC: None
PS: Dilated
R2L: Slow
PR: Up
BP: Up
BT: Up
MT: Rigid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

An inflammation of the mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelids caused by infection, allergy, or outside factors.

Subjects may show symptoms in one eye, often called “Pink Eye”, often mistaken for bloodshot eyes produced by alcohol or cannabis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Convergence

A

The “crossing” of the eyes that occurs when a person is able to focus on a stimulus as it is pushed slowly toward the bridge of the nose.

See Lack of Convergence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Crack/Rock

A

Cocaine base, appears as a hard chunk form. Can be small pebbles or rocks.

Produces: a very intense, but relatively short duration “high”.

CNS Stimulant
Note: Duration of Effects for Cocaine: 5-90 Min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Curriculum Vitae (CV)

A

A written summary of a person’s education, training, experience, note worthy achievements, and other relevant information about a particular topic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Cyclic Behavior

A

A manifestation of impairment due to certain drugs, in which the user alternates between periods (cycles) of intense agitation and relative calm.

Ex: Cyclic behavior is a GI for a Dissociative Anesthetic, especially PCP.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Delirium

A

A brief state characterized by incoherent excitement, confused speech, restlessness, and possible hallucinations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Dendrite

A

The part of the neuron (nerve cell- “wire segment”) that receives a neurotransmitter.

Neuron has 3 parts:
The Cell Body
The Axon
The Dendrite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Diabetes

A

A condition that can result in insulin shock (taking too much insulin).

May produce tremors, increased blood pressure, rapid respiration, lack of coordination, headache, confusion, and seizures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Diacetyl Morphine

A

The chemical name for Heroin, a narcotic analgesic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Diastolic

A

The lowest value of blood pressure. BP reaches its diastolic value when the heart is fully expanded or relaxed (diastole).

Note: DRE Avg. Range: 70-90 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Diplopia

A

Double vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Dissociative Anesthetics

A

Drug Category: matrix slot 4.

Includes drugs that inhibits pain by cutting off or disassociating the brain’s perception of pain. Types:

  1. PCP and it’s Analogs (Ketamine, Ketalar)
  2. DXM
Keys: 
HGN: Present
VGN: Present
LOC: Present
PS: Normal
R2L: Normal
PR: Up
BP: Up
BT: Up
MT: Rigid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Divided Attention

A

Concentrating on more than one thing at a time.

Driving is a divided attention task.
The four psychological tests used by DREs require the suspect to divide their attention.

Tests:
Modified Romberg Balance (MRB)
Walk & Turn (WAT)
One Leg Stand (OLS)
Modified Finger to Nose (MFN)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Downside Effect

A

An effect that may occur when the body reacts to the presence of a drug by producing hormones or neurotransmitters to counteract the effects of the drug consumed.

Ex: ETOH in large quantities will cause CNS Depressant related signs and symptoms, as the alcohol metabolizes the body will begin to flood the system with chemicals to stimulate the body. Causing a downside effect.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Drug

A

Any substance that, when taken into the human body, can impair the ability of the person to operate a vehicle safely.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Drug Recognition Expert (DRE)

A

Individual who successfully completes all phases of DRE training requirements for certification established by IACP and NTSHA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Dysarthria

A

Slurred speech. Difficult, poorly articulated speech.

General Indicator Notes:
Thick, slurred speech - CNS Depressant
Slow, slurred speech -Dissociate Anesthetic
Slow, low, raspy speech - Narcotic Analgesic
Difficulty with Speech - Hallucinogen
Talkative -CNS Stimulant (Rapid)
Slow, thick, slurred speech - Inhalant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Dysmetria

A

An abnormal condition that prevents the affected person from properly estimating distances linked to muscular movements.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Dysphoria

A

A mood disorder. Feelings of depression and anguish.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Dyspnea

A

Shortness of breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Efferent “Motor” Nerves

A

Nerves that carry messages away from the brain, to the body’s motor nerves: muscles, tissues, and organs.

Motor nerves are known as efferent nerves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Endocrine System

A

The network of glands that do not have ducts and other structures.

They secrete hormones into the blood stream to affect a number of functions in the body.

“E” in Murder Inc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Endorphins & Enkephalins

A

Body’s natural pain relievers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Expert Witness

A

A person skilled in some art, trade, science or profession, who may assist a jury in arriving at a verdict by expressing an opinion on a state of facts shown by the evidence and based special knowledge (opinion).

Having knowledge of matters not within the knowledge of person’s of average education.

Note: Only courts can determine whether a witness is qualified to testify as an expert.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Flashback

A

A vivid recollection of a portion of a hallucinogenic experience. An intense day dream brought on by a Hallucinogen.

3 Types:

  1. Emotional: Panic, fear
  2. Somatic: Altered body sensations, tremors
  3. Perceptual: Distortions of vision, hearing, smell.

A general indicator (GI) of Hallucinogens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Gait Ataxia

A

Unsteady, staggering gait (walk) in which walking is uncoordinated and appears to be “not ordered”.

A general indicator (GI) for CNS Depressants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Garrulity

A

Chatter, rambling or pointless speech. Talkative.

General indicator (GI) of CNS Stimulants.

Also a possible aspect of Cyclic Behavior (DA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

General Indicator (GI)

A

Behavior or observations of the subject that are observed and not specifically tested for.

Observational and Behavioral Indicators

DRUG CATEGORY GI CODES
CNS DEPRESSANTS
D4STU (8)

CNS STIMULANTS
ABDE4GI3R3T (15)

HALLUCINOGENS
BD2F-HM-NP3SU (12) *NOTE:LSD

DISSOCIATIVE ANESTHETICS
BC3D2-EHI2M-NP2S3W (18)

NARCOTIC ANALGESICS
D4EF-IN-OPS3 (13) *NOTE:TPSCHO

INHALANTS
BCD-FIL-NOP-RSW (12)

CANNABIS
ABDEI (x2)- LMOR2S (16)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Hallucination

A

A sensory experience of something that does not exist outside the mind.

Seeing, hearing, smelling, or feeling something that isn’t really there.

Also having distorted sensory perception so that things appear differently then they are.

GI NOTES:
Hallucinogens: hallucinations
Dissociative Anesthetics: hallucinations and sensory distortions.

CNS Stimulants overdose signs include hallucinations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Hallucinogens

A

Drug category: Matrix slot 3

Includes the following drugs:
1. LSD (10-12 hrs DOE)
2. MDMA
3. Peyote
4. Psilocybin (2-3 hrs DOE)
As well as numerous others.

Hallucinogens are either natural occurring or synthetically produced.

Keys: 
HGN: None
VGN: None
LOC: None
PS: Dilated
R2L: Normal (3)- Certain psychedelic amphetamines may cause slowing.
PR: Up
BP: Up
BT: Up
MT: Rigid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Hash Oil

A

Cannabis category. Sometimes referred to as marijuana oil.

A highly concentrated syrup-like oil extracted from marijuana. Produced by soaking marijuana in a container of solvent such as acetone or alcohol for several hours.

After solvent evaporates the oil produces high THC content.

Used in the smoking form as dabs or later created into “shatter” or “wax”.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Hashish

A

Cannabis category. A form of cannabis made from the dried and pressed resin of a marijuana plant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Head Trauma

A

A blow or bump to the head that injure the brain and may cause observable signs and symptoms which may mimic drug/alcohol impairment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Heroin

A

Narcotic analgesic.

Widely-abused narcotic that is derived from Morphine.

The chemical or generic name of heroin is “diacetyl Morphine”

Some GIs included:
Depressed reflexes, facial itching, “On the Nod”, puncture marks, slow, low, raspy speech, etc.

61
Q

Homeostasis

A

“Dynamic balance, or steady state of the body. Involving the balance of the body’s fluid levels of salts, water, sugars, and other materials in the body’s fluids”.

The body is constantly working to stay at homeostasis.

62
Q

Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus (HGN)

A

The involuntary jerking of the eyes occurring as the eyes gaze to the side.

63
Q

Hormones

A

Chemicals produced by the body’s endocrine system (E).

The chemicals are carried through the blood stream to target organs.

They exert great influence on the growth and development of a person, as well as aid in numerous body processes.

64
Q

Hydroxy THC

A

A metabolite of THC.

65
Q

Hyperflexia

A

Exaggerated or over extended motions.

GI for CNS stimulants.

66
Q

Hypernea

A

A deep, rapid or labored breathing.

67
Q

Hyperpyrexia

A

Extremely high body temperature.

Often caused by PCP causing subject to perspire and remove their clothes to cool down.

68
Q

Hyperreflexia

A

A neurological condition marked by increased reflex reactions.

69
Q

Hypertension

A

Abnormally high blood pressure. Do not confuse this with hypotension.

70
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

An abnormal decrease of blood sugar levels.

71
Q

Hypopnea

A

Shallow or slow breathing.

72
Q

Hypotension

A

Abnormally low blood pressure. Do not confuse this with hypertension.

73
Q

Hypothermia

A

Decreased body temperature.

74
Q

ICE

A

A crystalline form of methamphetamine that produces a very intense and fairly long-lasting “high”.

CNS Stimulant

75
Q

Impairment

A

One of the several items used to describe the degradation of mental and/or physical abilities necessary for the safely operating a vehicle.

76
Q

Inhalants

A

Drug Category: Matrix Slot 6.

Breathable chemicals that produce mind-altering results.

The inhalants include:
Volatile Solvents (glue, gasoline)
Aerosols (hair sprays, insecticide)
Anesthetic Gases (Nitrous Oxide)

Keys: 
HGN: Present
VGN: Present (H/D)
LOC: Present
PS: Normal (4) Normal but may be dilated.
R2L: Slow
PR: Up
BP: Up or Down (5) Up w/ Anesthetic Gases; Down w/ Volatile Solvents and Aerosols.
BT: Up or Down or Normal
MT: Normal or Flaccid
77
Q

Insufflation

A

One method of ingestion certain drugs. Insufflation requires that the drug be in powdered form.

Drug rapidly drawn up the nostril usually via paper or glass tube.

“Snorting”

78
Q

Integumentary System

A

The skin and accessory structures, hair and nails.

Functions include protection, maintenance of body temperature, excretion of waste, and sensory perceptions.

“I” in Murder Inc.

79
Q

Intraocular

A

“Within the eyeball”

80
Q

Korotkoff Sounds

A

A series of distinct sounds produced by blood passing through an artery, as the external pressure on the artery drops from the systolic value to the diastolic value.

81
Q

Lack of Convergence (LOC)

A

The inability of a person’s eyes to converge, or “cross” as the person attempts to focus on a stimulus as it is pushed slowly toward the bridge of his or her nose.

82
Q

Major Indicators

A

Physiological signs that are specifically assessed and are, for the most part, involuntary reflecting the status of the central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis (Physiological Indicators).

83
Q

Marijuana

A

Common term for the Cannabis Sativa plant. Usually refers to the dried leaves of the plant. This is the most common form the cannabis category.

84
Q

Marinol

A

A drug containing a synthetic form of THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), Marinol belongs to the cannabis category of drugs, but Marinol is not produced from any species of cannabis plant.

85
Q

Medical Impairment

A

An opinion made by a DRE based on the evaluation that the state of the suspected impaired driver is more likely related to a medical impairment that has affected the subject’s ability to operate a vehicle safely.

86
Q

Metabolism

A

The combined chemical and physical processes that take place in the body involving the distribution of nutrients and resulting in growth, energy production, the elimination of wastes, and other body functions.

Two phases of metabolism:

  1. Anabolism: The constructive phase. molecules from digestion are built into complex compounds that form the tissues and organs of the body.
  2. Catabolism: the destructive phase. Larger molecules are broken down into simpler substances with the release of energy.
87
Q

Metabolite

A

A chemical product, formed by the reaction of a drug with oxygen and/other substances in the body.

Ex: Hydroxy THC and Carboxy THC are metabolites of THC, the principle ingredient in products of the cannabis category.

88
Q

Miosis

A

Abnormally small (constricted) pupils.

89
Q

Motor “Efferent” Nerves

A

Nerves that carry messages away from the brain, to the body’s motor nerves: muscles, tissues, and organs.

Motor nerves are known as efferent nerves.

90
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

A degenerative muscular disorder.

91
Q

Muscular Hypertonicity

A

Rigid Muscle Tone.

A Major Indicator noted in the following Categories:
CNS Stimulants
Hallucinogens
Dissociative Anesthetics

92
Q

Mydriasis

A

Abnormally large (dilated) pupils.

A Major Indicator noted at times in the following Categories:
CNS Stimulants
Hallucinogens
Cannabis

Could appear in CNS Depressants like Soma, Quaaludes and some anti-depressants. Also could appear in Inhalants.

93
Q

Narcotic Analgesics

A

Drug Category: Matrix Slot 5.

The Narcotic Analgesics include:

  1. Opium
  2. The Natural Alkaloids of Opium: Morphine, Codeine, Thebaine (codeine methyl).
  3. The Derivatives of Opium: Heroin, Dilaudid, Oxycodone, Percodan.
  4. Synthetic Narcotics
Keys: 
HGN: None
VGN: None
LOC: None
PS: Constricted
R2L: Little or None Visible
PR: Down
BP: Down
BT: Down
MT: Flaccid
94
Q

Nerve

A

A cord-like fiber that carries messages to or from the brain.

For drug evaluations and classification purposes, a nerve can be pictured as a series of “wire-like” segments, with small spaces or gaps between the segments.

95
Q

Neuron

A

A nerve cell. The basic functional unit of nerve. It contains a nucleus within a cell body with one or more axons and dendrites.

Neuron has 3 parts:
The Cell Body
The Axon
The Dendrite

96
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Chemicals that pass from the axon of one nerve cell to the dendrite of the next cell, and that carry messages across the gap between the two nerve cells.

97
Q

Null Effect

A

One mechanism of polydrug interaction.

For a particular indicator of impairment, two drugs produced a null effect if neither of them affects that indictor.

Ex: PCP does not affect pupil size and Alcohol (ETOH) does not affect pupil size. The combo of PCP and Alcohol produces a null effect on pupil size.

98
Q

Nystagmus

A

An involuntary jerking of the eyes.

99
Q

“On the Nod”

A

A semi-conscious state of deep relaxation. Typically induced by impairment due to Heroin or other narcotic analgesics, listed as a GI.

The user’s eyelids droop, and chin rests on the chest. They may appear to be asleep, but can be easily aroused and will respond to questions.

100
Q

Overlapping Effect

A

One mechanism of polydrug interaction.

For a particular indicator of impairment, two drugs produce an overlapping effect if one of them affects the indicator but the other does not.

Ex: Cocaine dilates pupils while Alcohol (ETOH) does not. The combo of Cocaine and Alcohol produces an overlapping effect on pupil size: causing the pupils to dilate (Mydriasis).

101
Q

Pallor

A

An abnormal paleness or lack of color in the skin.

102
Q

Paranoia

A

Mental disorder characterized by delusions and the projection of the personal conflicts that are ascribed to the supposed hostility of others.

Paranoia is also listed as a general indicator in the Hallucinogens drug category.

103
Q

Paraphernalia

A

Drug paraphernalia are the various kinds of tools and other equipment used to store, transport, or ingest a drug.

Ex: Hypodermic needles, small pipes, bent spoons, etc.

The singular form of the word is “paraphernalium”

104
Q

Parasympathetic Nerve

A

An autonomic nerve that commands the body to relax and to carry out tranquil activities. The brain uses parasympathetic nerves to send “at ease” commands to the muscles, tissues, and organs.

105
Q

Parasympathomimetic Drugs

A

Drugs that mimic neurotransmitters associated with the parasympathetic nerves. These drugs artificially cause the transmission of messages that produce lower blood pressure, drowsiness, etc.

106
Q

Phencyclidine

A

A contraction of PHENYL CYCLOHEXYL PIPERIDINE or PCP, which is associated with the Dissociative Anesthetics category.

107
Q

Physician’s Desk Reference (PDR)

A

A basic reference source for drug recognition experts. The PDR provides detailed information on the physical appearance and psychoactive effects of licitly-manufactured drugs.

108
Q

Physiology

A

Physiology is the branch of biology that deals with the functions and activities of life or living matter and the physical and chemical phenomena involved.

109
Q

Piloerection

A

Literally, “hair standing up”, or goose bumps. This condition of the skin is often observed in persons who r under the influence of LSD.

Stated in the Matrix under Hallucinogens GI’s: Note with LSD, piloerection may be observed (goose bumps, hair standing on end).

110
Q

Polycategory Use

A

Ingesting drugs from two or more categories.

111
Q

Polydrug Use

A

Ingesting two or more different drugs.

112
Q

Psychedelic

A

A mental state characterized by a profound sense of intensified or altered sensory perception sometimes accompanied by hallucinations.

113
Q

Psychophysical Tests

A

Methods of investigating the mental (physco-) and physical characteristics of a person suspected of alcohol or drug impairment. Most psychophysical tests employ the concept of divided attention to assess a suspect’s impairment.

114
Q

Psychotogenic

A

Literally, “creating psychosis” or “giving birth to insanity”. A drug is considered to be psychotogenic if persons who are under the influence of the drug become insane, and remain so after the drug wears off.

115
Q

Psychomimetic

A

Literally, “mimicking psychosis” or “impersonating insanity”. A drug is considered to be psychomimetic if persons who are under the influence of the drug look and act insane while they are under the influence.

116
Q

Ptosis

A

Droopy eyelids.

A GI for:
CNS Depressants
Narcotic Analgesics

117
Q

Pulmonary Arteries

A

Carry de-oxygenated blood

118
Q

Pulmonary Vein

A

Carries oxygenated blood

119
Q

Pulse

A

The rhythmic dilation and relaxation of an artery that results from the beating of the heart.

120
Q

Pulse Rate

A

The number of expansions of an artery per minute.

Formula (Pulse beats in 30 seconds x 2 = BPM)

121
Q

Pupillary Light Reflex

A

The pupils of the eyes will constrict and dilate depending on changes in lighting.

122
Q

Pupillary Unrest

A

The continuous, irregular change in the size of the pupils that may be observed under room or steady light conditions.

123
Q

Rebound Dilation

A

A period of pupillary constriction followed by a period of pupillary dilation where the pupil steadily increases in size and does not return to its original constricted size.

124
Q

Resting Nystagmus

A

Jerking of the eyes as they look straight ahead.

125
Q

Sclera

A

A dense white fibrous membrane that, with the cornea, forms the external covering of the eyeball (i.e., the white part of the eye).

126
Q

Sensory “Afferent” Nerves

A

Nerves that carry messages to the brain, from various parts of the body, including notably the sense organs (eyes, ears, etc.).

Sensory nerves are also known as afferent nerves.

127
Q

Sinsemilla

A

The unpollinated female cannabis plant, with a relatively high concentration of THC.

128
Q

Snorting (Insufflation)

A

One method of ingestion certain drugs. Insufflation requires that the drug be in powdered form.

Drug rapidly drawn up the nostril usually via paper or glass tube.

“Insufflation”

129
Q

Sphygmomanometer

A

A medical device used to measure blood pressure.

It consists of and arm or leg cuff, with an airbag attached to tube and bulb for pumping air into the bag, and a gauge for showing the amount of air pressure being pressed against the artery.

Diagram terms to remember: 
Manometer (Pressure Gauge)
Compression Cuff
Pressure Control Valve
Pressure Bulb
Tubes
130
Q

Standardized

A

Conforming to a model in comparative applications.

“The DRE program is standardized and systematic.”

131
Q

Standardized Field Sobriety Tests (SFST)

A

These are the SFSTs: HGN, WAT, OLS.

Based on a series of controlled laboratory studies, scientifically validated clues of impairment have been identified for each of these three tests.

They are the only Standardized Field Sobriety Tests for which validated clues have been identified.

132
Q

Stethoscope

A

A medical instrument used, for drug evaluation and classification purposes, to listen to the sounds produced by blood passing through an artery.

133
Q

Stroke

A

A medical condition that occurs when a blood vessel that carries oxygen and nutrients to the brain is either blocked by a clot or a burst and may cause observable signs and symptoms which may mimic drug and alcohol impairment.

134
Q

Sympathetic Nerve

A

An autonomic nerve that commands the body to react in a response to excitement, stress, fear, etc. The brain uses sympathetic nerves to send “wake up calls” and “fire alarms” to the muscles, tissues, and organs.

135
Q

Sympathomimetic Drugs

A

Drugs that mimic the neurotransmitter associated with the sympathetic nerves. These drugs artificially cause the transmission of messages that produce elevated blood pressure, dilated pupils, etc.

136
Q

Synapse (Synaptic Gap)

A

The gap or space between two neurons (nerve cells).

137
Q

Synesthesia

A

A sensory perception disorder, in which an input via one sense is perceived by the brain as an input via another sense.

Ex: Individual “hearing” a phone ring and “seeing” the sound as a flash of light.

Synsthesia sometimes occurs with persons under the influence of a hallucinogen. Listed as a GI.

138
Q

Systematic

A

Done or acting according to a fixed plan or system; methodical.

“The DRE program is standardized and systematic.”

139
Q

Systolic

A

The highest value of blood pressure. The blood pressure reaches its systolic value when the heart is fully contracted (systole), and blood is sent surging into the arteries.

DRE Avg. Ranges: 120-140 mmHg.

140
Q

Tachycardia

A

Abnormally rapid ❤️ rate

141
Q

Tachypnea

A

Abnormally rapid rate of breathing

142
Q

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

A

The principal psychoactive ingredient in drugs belonging to the cannabis category.

143
Q

Tolerance

A

An adjustment of the drug user’s body and brain to the repeated presence of a drug.

As tolerance develops, the user will experience diminishing psychoactive effects from the same dose of drug.

As a result, the user typically will steadily increase the dose he or she takes in an effect to achieve the same psychoactive effect.

144
Q

Tracks

A

Scar tissue usually produced by repeated injection of drugs via hypodermic needle along a segment of a vein.

145
Q

Vein

A

A blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart from the body tissues.

146
Q

Vertical Gaze Nystagmus (VGN)

A

An involuntary jerking of the eyes (up-and-down) which occurs as the eyes are held at maximum elevation. The jerking should be distinct and sustained.

147
Q

Voir Dire

A

A French expression literally meaning “to see, to say”.

Loosely, this would be rendered in English as “To seek the truth,” or “to call it as you see it.”

In a law or court context, one application of Voir DIre is to question a witness to assess his or her qualifications to be considered an expert in some matter pending before the court.

148
Q

Voluntary Nerve

A

A motor nerve that carries messages to a muscle that we consciously control.

149
Q

Withdrawal

A

This occurs in someone who is physically addicted to a drug when he or she is deprived of the drug. If the craving is sufficiently intense, the person may become extremely agitated, and even physically ill.

Oregon DRE 2019 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions