DRARR - Module 2: Risk Factors Underlying Disasters Flashcards
Disaster risk has three important elements
Exposure
Vulnerability
Hazard
the “elements at risk from a natural or man-made hazard event”
exposure
a potentially dangerous physical occurrence, phenomenon or human activity that may result in loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption, or environmental degradation
hazard
the condition determined by physical, social, economic and environmental factors or processes, which increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazard
vulnerability
How can you reduce the level of vulnerability and exposure?
by keeping people and property as distant as possible from hazards
are processes or conditions, often developmental-related, that influence the level of disaster risk by increasing levels of exposure and vulnerability or reducing capacity
risk factors
what are the 4 risk factors underlying disasters?
- severity of exposure
- gender and family
- age
- economic status of country
measures those who experience disaster first-hand which has the highest risk of developing future mental problems, followed by those in contact with the victims such as rescue workers and health care practitioners and the lowest risk are those most distant like those who have awareness of the disaster only through news
severity of exposure
the female gender suffers more adverse effects. This worsens when children are present at home. Marital relationships are placed under strain
gender and family
adults in the age range of 40-60 are more stressed after disasters but in general, children exhibit more stress after disasters than adults do
age
evidence indicates that severe mental problems resulting from disasters are more prevalent in developing countries like the Philippines. Furthermore, it has been observed that natural disasters tend to have more adverse effects in developing countries than do man-caused disasters in developing countries
economic status of country
what are the 7 factors which underlie disasters
- climate change
- environmental degradation
- globalized economic development
- poverty and inequality
- poorly planned and managed urban development
-weak governance - geographical location
this means alteration of the world’s climate that we humans are causing such as the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation and other practices that increase the carbon footprint and concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
climate change
what is the full name of UNFCCC
united nation framework convention on climate change
what is climate changed according to UNFCCC?
it can be directly or indirectly to human activity that alter the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods
this refers to the changes of the environment that can influence the frequency and intensity of hazards, as well as our exposure and vulnerability to these hazards
environmental degradation
what causes to these following factors?
1. deforestation of slopes
2. removal of mangroves
- landslides
- storm surges
it is both a driver and consequence of disasters, reducing the capacity of the environment to meet social and ecological needs
environmental degradation
provides an opportunity to build resilience if effectively managed
globalized economic development
these type of people are more likely to live in hazard-exposed areas and are less able to invest in risk-reducing measures
impoverished people
it is both the cause and the consequence of disaster risk
poverty
what type of disaster are mostly likely associated with poverty?
drought
who tend to suffer worst from disasters?
the poor
the growing rate of urbanization and the increase in population density can lead to creation of risk, especially when urbanization is rapid, poorly planned and occurring in a context of widespread poverty
poorly planned and managed urban development
this is when public sector actors are unable or unwilling to assume their roles and responsibilities in protecting rights, providing basic and public services
weak governance
disaster risk is disproportionately concentrated in what?
lower income countries with weak governance
this refers to country’s location that makes it vulnerable to storms that cause flooding, mudslides, and typhoons
geographical location
factors that contribute to worse outcome
- death of someone close
- injury to self or family member
- life threat
- panic
- horror
- separation from family
- massive lose of property
- displacement
unwillingness to assume their roles and responsibilities in governing disaster risk department
weak governance
rising sea levels
climate change
cities located in low-altitude estuaries such as Marikina City, Philippines are exposed to sea-level rise and flooding
poorly planned and managed urban development
houses are built with lightweight materials
poverty and inequality
effects in developing countries
globalized economic development
deforestation that can lead to landslide
environmental degradation
global warming
climate change
garbage slide that killed over 200 people in an informal settlement in Manila, Philippines
poverty and inequality
fragmented responsibilities for drought risk management
poorly planned and managed urban development
in the factors underlining disaster, which of the following best describes the caused of covid-19 pandemic
globalized economic development
what is the risk factors that affect inequality
poverty
which among groups suffer more adverse effects when an earthquake causing disaster occurs
men and women
the occurence of landslides in the philippines is increasing, this kind of disaster will fall under what following risks?
climate change and environmental degradation
which of the following ages ranges are most stressed out
40-60
which of the following risk factors is the result in an increased polarization between the rich and poor on a global scale
poverty and inequality
damage to both public and private infrastructures
infrastructure damage
many people must abandon their homes and seek shelter in other regions which may cause large influx of refugees that disrupt accessibility of health care and education, as well as food supplies and clean water
potential displacement
