Drainage Flashcards
What is drainage?
The process of removing excess water from land or soil.
What are the two main types of drainage systems?
Surface drainage and subsurface drainage.
True or False: Drainage is only important in agricultural areas.
False.
What is surface drainage?
The removal of excess water from the surface of the land.
What is subsurface drainage?
The removal of excess water from below the surface of the land.
Fill in the blank: The main purpose of drainage is to manage __________.
water.
What is the impact of poor drainage on agriculture?
It can lead to waterlogging, crop damage, and reduced yields.
What are drainage tiles?
Pipes installed underground to facilitate subsurface drainage.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a benefit of effective drainage? A) Increased soil fertility B) Water conservation C) Reduced flooding D) All of the above
D) All of the above.
True or False: Drainage can help control soil erosion.
True.
What is the role of vegetation in drainage?
Vegetation helps absorb water and stabilize soil, reducing runoff.
What is the term for the water that saturates the soil?
Groundwater.
Fill in the blank: __________ drainage involves the use of ditches and channels.
Surface.
What are the main factors affecting drainage?
Soil type, topography, climate, and land use.
What is a watershed?
An area of land that drains into a specific water body.
Multiple choice: Which type of soil typically has good drainage? A) Clay B) Sandy C) Loamy D) Silty
B) Sandy.
True or False: Drainage can negatively affect local ecosystems.
True.
What are stormwater management practices?
Techniques used to manage the quantity and quality of stormwater runoff.
Fill in the blank: __________ drainage systems are designed to remove excess water from the soil.
Subsurface.
What is the function of a drainage basin?
To collect and channel rainwater to rivers and streams.
What can excessive drainage lead to?
Soil erosion and loss of nutrients.
What is a drainage map?
A map that shows the drainage patterns and systems in an area.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a method of drainage? A) Ditches B) Wells C) Ponds D) Pumps
C) Ponds.
What is the significance of drainage in urban areas?
It helps prevent flooding and manage stormwater runoff.
Fill in the blank: __________ systems are used to control the flow of water in agricultural fields.
Irrigation.
What is the term for the process of water infiltrating the soil?
Infiltration.
True or False: Drainage can improve road safety during heavy rains.
True.
What is a culvert?
A structure that allows water to flow under a road or pathway.
What are the consequences of poor drainage in urban areas?
Increased flooding, property damage, and traffic disruptions.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the area from which a river collects its water.
drainage basin.
What is the main goal of drainage engineering?
To design systems that effectively manage water flow.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a common tool used in drainage surveys? A) Level B) Compass C) Tape measure D) All of the above
D) All of the above.
What is a retention pond?
A pond designed to hold stormwater and reduce runoff.
True or False: Drainage can enhance the aesthetic value of landscapes.
True.
What is the importance of maintaining drainage systems?
To ensure they function properly and prevent flooding.
Fill in the blank: __________ is the process of removing sediment and debris from drainage channels.
Maintenance.
What is the role of permeable surfaces in drainage?
They allow water to infiltrate the ground, reducing runoff.
What is one method to improve drainage in clay soils?
Adding organic matter to increase soil porosity.
Multiple choice: Which of the following technologies can aid in drainage management? A) GIS B) GPS C) Remote sensing D) All of the above
D) All of the above.
What is the impact of urbanization on natural drainage systems?
It often leads to increased runoff and reduced natural water absorption.
True or False: Drainage practices can be harmful to local wildlife.
True.
What is a drainage channel?
A man-made or natural watercourse designed to direct water flow.
Fill in the blank: __________ is the gradual reduction of soil fertility due to excessive drainage.
Degradation.
What are the environmental considerations in drainage planning?
Impact on biodiversity, water quality, and soil health.
What is the role of check dams in drainage?
To slow down water flow and promote groundwater recharge.
Multiple choice: Which factor does NOT influence drainage design? A) Soil type B) Climate C) Population density D) Drainage area
C) Population density.
What is the term for water that flows over the ground surface?
Surface runoff.
What is the primary factor influencing India’s climate?
The monsoon winds.
True or False: India experiences only one season throughout the year.
False.
Fill in the blank: The __________ season in India is characterized by heavy rainfall.
monsoon
What are the four main seasons in India?
Winter, summer, monsoon, and post-monsoon.
Which region in India is known for having a tropical wet climate?
The Western Ghats.
What is the impact of the Himalayas on India’s climate?
They block cold winds from Central Asia, moderating the climate.
What type of climate is found in the Thar Desert?
Arid climate.
True or False: The climate of India is uniform across the country.
False.
What is the significance of the southwest monsoon?
It brings the majority of India’s annual rainfall.
Name one effect of climate change on India.
Increased frequency of extreme weather events.
What is the role of the Indian Ocean in influencing the climate?
It contributes to the monsoon patterns and humidity levels.
Which Indian state is known for heavy monsoon rainfall?
Meghalaya.
What is a ‘rain shadow’ region?
An area that receives less rainfall due to being on the leeward side of a mountain.
True or False: The eastern coast of India receives less rainfall than the western coast.
False.
What is the average temperature range during summer in most parts of India?
30°C to 45°C.
Fill in the blank: The __________ climate is found in the southernmost parts of India.
tropical
Which climate zone is characterized by cold winters and hot summers?
The temperate climate zone.
What is the main source of irrigation in India during the dry season?
Groundwater.
True or False: Urbanization has no effect on local climate in India.
False.
What is meant by ‘climate variability’?
Fluctuations in climate patterns over time.
Which phenomenon can lead to drought conditions in India?
El Niño.
What is the significance of the National Disaster Management Plan in relation to climate?
It aims to mitigate the effects of climate change and disasters.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is a period of reduced rainfall that affects agriculture.
drought
What is one adaptation strategy for farmers in response to climate change?
Diversifying crops.
True or False: Climate change is expected to increase the agricultural productivity in India.
False.
