Dr. yeung stuff

Question 1

What are meristems?

Answer 1

Meristems are populations of undifferentiated cells (stem cells) that retain the ability to undergo mitosis and produce new cells

Question 2

Meristem is a ____ structure. And what does self-perpetuating mean.

Answer 2

Self-perpetuating

When meristematic cells divide repeatedly and in a self-perpetuating manner, one of the daughter cells remains as a stem cell and the other daughter cell will subsequently differentiate and give rise to cell, tissues and organs once they receive the proper developmental cue

Question 3

What are the two main types of meristems?

Answer 3

Apical meristem (shoot apical meristem and root apical meristem) and lateral meristem

Question 4

what is the SAM savings account

Answer 4

lateral (axillary) bud meristem

Question 5

What is the equivalent of the lateral bud meristem in roots

Answer 5

Pericycle in the central vascular cylinder

Question 6

What is a stem module made up of

Answer 6

a node, an axillary bud and an internode

Question 7

The apical meristem gives rise to what 3 primary meristems

Answer 7

Protoderm, ground meristem and procambium

Question 8

What primary tissue do each of the primary meristems give rise to

Answer 8

Protoderm -> epidermis

Ground meristem -> cortex and pith

Procrambium -> primary phloem and xylem, vascular cambium

Question 9

What makes up the periderm

Answer 9

Cork cells
Cork cambium
Cork parenchyma cells

Question 10

What makes up the bark

Answer 10

The periderm and internal phloem layers
aka
everything outside the vascular cambium

Question 11

What are the secondary or lateral meristems

Answer 11

Vascular cambium

Cork cambium

Question 12

What are primary tissues?

Answer 12

Tissues derived from the apical meristems

Question 13

What are secondary tissues ?

Answer 13

Tissues derived from the lateral meristems

Question 14

What is a simple tissue versus a complex tissue

Answer 14

Tissues composed of one type of cell
vs.
Tissue composed of more than one type of cell

Question 15

Parenchyma, collechyma and schlrenchyma are examples of what kind of tissue

Answer 15

SIMPLE

Question 16

Phloem and xylem are what type of tissue

Answer 16

COMPLEX

with several distinct cell types

Question 17

What is the primary role for collenchyma cells?

Answer 17

Strengthening/supporting tissue for developing organs

Question 18

What is the defining characteristic of angular collenchyma?

Answer 18

They are thickened at the corners of the cell

Question 19

Do collenchyma cells have lignin? Why or why not?

Answer 19

No they don’t, because it allows for more flexibility

Question 20

What is the major role of sclerenchyma tissue

Answer 20

Major supporting tissue
usually dead at maturity
secondary walls with lignin

Question 21

Stone cells 
Macroschlereids 
Osteoschlereids 
Astrosclereids 
Trichosclereids 
Filiform sclerieds

Answer 21

Are all sclereids

Question 22

Stone cells 
Macroschlereids 
Osteoschlereids 
Astrosclereids 
Trichosclereids 
Filiform sclerieds

Answer 22

Are all sclereids

Question 23

The phloem has which 4 main cell types

Answer 23

1) Parenchyma
2) Phloem fibers
3) Sieve elements
Sieve cells (gymnosperms )
Sieve tube members
(flowering plants)
4) Highly specialized parenchyma cells

Question 24

Name the three types of perforations and the description

Answer 24

Scalariform perforation - like steps on a ladder

Formainate perforations - round pores

Simple perforations - open hole