Dr. Shnyra's Lectures Flashcards
Role of IL-8
Neutrophil migration
What are cytokines 1-5’s main role?
HOT T-bone stEAk Fever Stimulates T cells Stimulates Bone marrow Stimulates IgE production Stimulates IgA production
Describe 3 effects IL-1 has on the body
Endothelial cells: activation (inflammation and coagulation)
Hypothalamus: Fever
Liver: synthesis of acute phase proteins by stimulating production of IL-6
What cytokine has a major role in the initiation of neutrophil migration? What is it produced by?
TNF
Macrophages and T cells
What cytokine plays a role in resistance to viral infection?
IFN-a, IFN-b
Produced by macrophages and cause increased class I MHC expression
Also activates NK
What effect does cytokine IL-12 have?
Activates NK cells and induces differentiation of CD4 T cells into Th1
What is the effect of IL-15?
NK proliferation and T cell proliferation
What two cytokines have a role of controlling inflammation?
IL-10 and TGF-B
What TLRs recognize Lipopeptides?
1 and 2
2 and 6
What TLRs recognize Gram positive (PGN) microbes?
TLR 2
What TLR recognizes Gram negative lipopolysaccharides?
TLR 4
What TLR recognizes flagellin?
5
What TLR recognizes dsRNA?
3
What is the identification marker of granulocytes?
CD66b
What is the CD marker of macrophages?
CD14 and CD33
Describe classically activated macrophages
Microbicidal actions: phagocytosis and killing of many bacteria and fungi
Inflammation
TLR-ligands and IFN-y stimulate this pathway
Describe alternatively activated macrophages
Produces IL-10 and TGF-B
Anti-inflammatory effects
Wound repair and fibrosis
Induced by IL-13 and IL-4
What is the CD marker for NK cells?
CD56
NK cells have receptors for what Ig in ADCC?
IgG Fc portion
Describe ADCC
Cells can kill target cells without participation of complement if target coated with Ab
Plays a role in antiviral, antitumor, and anti-graft immunity
NK cells, Neutrophils and macrophages participate in ADCC (all innate immunity!!!)
How do NK cells directly kill targets?
NK cells recognize infected or stressed cells through activating receptor that is always on: Active PTK; ligand for active receptor is always displayed on cells
Infected cells do not have MHC displayed with self-antigen therefor cannot activate KIR, inhibitory receptor, and causes PTP to inhibit PTK
What cytokine causes endothelial cells to express selectins?
TNF
What chemokine causes integrins on neutrophils to be in a high affinity state?
IL-8
What chemokine of monocytes causes integrins to be in high affinity state?
MCP
What chemoattractant causes neutrophils to migrate to Ags site after diapedesis?
IL-8
What chemoattractant causes monocytes to migrate to area of Ags after diapedesis?
MIP1
What CD marker can be found on DCs?
CD11c and CD123
Describe the endogenous pathway
Proteins from intracellular pathogens are degraded by the proteasome and the resulting peptides are shuttled into the ER by TAP Peptides loaded onto MHC class I and complex delivered to cell surface
Describe the exogenous pathway
Extracellular pathogens are engulfed by phagosomes. Inside phagosome, the pathogen-derived peptides are loaded directly onto MHC class II molecule
Where are class II MHC synthesized? What is done so that the MHC does not pick up self ags?
In the ER. Binds to the invariant chain. Invariant chain sits in the groove and prevents MHC to bind to cell’s own proteins in the ER.
How is MHC class II empty molecules allowed to bind to non-self Ags?
When lysosome and endosome combine, Invariant chain degrades and leaves behind CLIP. HLA-DM removes CLIP and non-self Ags is displayed on MHC II
What is a CD marker on all T cells?
CD3
What T cell can provide one of the first defenses against pathogens in epithelial tissues?
Nontraditional T cells: gamma and delta chains
Also have CD3 but no CD4 or CD8
Activated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns and not be APCs
No memory
CD3 is composed of what chains?
delta, epsilon and gamma
What is the co-receptor on B cells?
CD21/CR2
What is the co-receptor on T cells?
CD28
What is the major inhibitory receptor on B cels, DCs, and Mo?
FCyRIIB
What is the inhibitory receptor on B cells only?
CD22
