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HII > Dr. Prakash Antimicrobials > Flashcards

Dr. Prakash Antimicrobials Flashcards

1
Q

What mnemonic is used to remember protein synthesis inhibitors?

A

Buy AT 30, CCEL at 50 (Aminoglycosides, tetracyclines)

Clindamycin, Chloramphenicol, Erythromycin (macrolides), linezolid (oxazolidinones

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2
Q

What are 7 classes of bactericidal drugs? 4 bacteriostatic drugs?

A

Bactericidal

Beta-lactams
Fluoroquinolones
Vancomycin
Daptomycin
Aminoglycosides
Rifampin (inhibits RNA polymerase)
Metronidazole (forms toxic free radicals in bacterial cells that damage DNA)

Bacteriostatic

Macrolides
Tetracyclines
Clindamycin
Tigecycline

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3
Q

What are 7 classes of bactericidal drugs? 4 bacteriostatic drugs?

A

Bactericidal

Beta-lactams
Fluoroquinolones
Vancomycin
Daptomycin
Aminoglycosides
Rifampin (inhibits RNA polymerase)
Metronidazole (forms toxic free radicals in bacterial cells that damage DNA)

Bacteriostatic

Macrolides
Tetracyclines
Clindamycin
Tigecycline (tetracycline derivative)
(All static drugs work on the ribosome subunit)
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4
Q

What are two diseases that need bactericidal drugs?

A

Meningitis, endocarditis

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5
Q

Chloramphenicol is bacteriostatic. What bugs is it bactericidal against?

A

Haemophilus influenzae

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Neisseria meningitides

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6
Q

What bugs is linezolid bactericidal against? Bacteriostatic?

A

Bactericidal against most strep

Bacteriostatic against VRE and MRSA

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7
Q

What bugs do penicillins attack? What infections can they treat?

A

Neisseria meningitides
Group A Strep (s. pneumo, s. viridans)
Pasteurella (cat and dog bites)
Listeria

Group A and B strep infections
Syphilis 
Actinomycoses (bacterial infection)
Leptospirosis (blood infection) 
Meningococcal meningitis
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8
Q

What can aminopenicillins (ampicillin/amoxicillin) be used to treat?

A

Listeria meningitis
Enterococcal infections

Gram negative rods: H. influ, H. pylori, E
coli, Listeria, Proteus, Salmonella,
Shigella

Gram positive rods: Enterococcus

Gram negative cocci: Neisseria M.

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9
Q

What are some Penicillinase-resistant penicillin’s? What bug would it be indicated for?

A

Naftcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin

Drug of choice for s. aureus

They get the NOD for staph aureus

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10
Q

What are the only penicillins active against p. aeruginosa?

What other bugs do these penicillins treat?

A

Ticarcillin-clavulanate, pipericillin-tazobactam (added with beta-lactamase inhibitors)

Gram positive, gram negatives and anaerobes

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11
Q

What are three bugs that cephalosporins will have NO effect on?

A

MRSA (except ceftaroline), enterococcus, listeria

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12
Q

What is covered by 1st generation cephalosporins?

A

Gram positive cocci
Proteus
E. coli
Klebsiella

(+) PEcK

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13
Q

A patient is getting prepped for surgery What antimicrobial. would be given as a prophylactic against staphylococcus aureus?

A

1st generation cephalosporin cefazolin

Note: Also used to treat skin and soft tissue infections

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14
Q

What mnemonic is used to remember 2nd generation cephalosporins?

Can they cover anaerobics?

A

2nd graders wear fake fox fur to tea (cefaclor, cefoxitin, cefuroxime, cefotetan)

They have some coverage for gut anaerobes

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15
Q

What is a disease that 2nd generation cephalosporins are used to treat?

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease

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16
Q

For what surgeries would 2nd generation cephalosporins be a prophylactic for?

A

gynecological, abdominal

17
Q

What drugs have coverage for pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A
  • Antipseudomonal penicillins
  • Ceftazidime (3rd gen ceph)
  • Ceftazidime/avibactam
  • Carbapenems
  • Monobactam/Aztreonam
  • 4th generation cephalosporins (cefepime)

-Ceftolozane/tazobactam (cephalosporin+beta lactamase inhibitor)

18
Q

What drugs have coverage for pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

-Antipseudomonal penicillins

Cephalosporins

  • Ceftazidime (3rd gen ceph) (with or without avibactam)
  • 4th generation cephalosporins (cefepime)
  • 5th generation -Ceftolozane/tazobactam (cephalosporin+beta lactamase inhibitor)
  • Cefiderocol

Carbapenems-Imipenem
Imipenem-cilastatin-relebactam

Monobactam/Aztreonam

Fluoroquinolones

19
Q

Are carbapenems broad or narrow spectrum?

A

Broad spectrum

20
Q

What is the spectrum of Aztreonam? What does it get and what doesn’t it get?

A

Good against aerobic and facultative gram negative bacteria, especially p. aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae

Does not get anaerobes or gram positives

HII (7 decks)

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