Dr. Prakash Antimicrobials Flashcards
What mnemonic is used to remember protein synthesis inhibitors?
Buy AT 30, CCEL at 50 (Aminoglycosides, tetracyclines)
Clindamycin, Chloramphenicol, Erythromycin (macrolides), linezolid (oxazolidinones
What are 7 classes of bactericidal drugs? 4 bacteriostatic drugs?
Bactericidal
Beta-lactams Fluoroquinolones Vancomycin Daptomycin Aminoglycosides Rifampin (inhibits RNA polymerase) Metronidazole (forms toxic free radicals in bacterial cells that damage DNA)
Bacteriostatic
Macrolides
Tetracyclines
Clindamycin
Tigecycline
What are 7 classes of bactericidal drugs? 4 bacteriostatic drugs?
Bactericidal
Beta-lactams Fluoroquinolones Vancomycin Daptomycin Aminoglycosides Rifampin (inhibits RNA polymerase) Metronidazole (forms toxic free radicals in bacterial cells that damage DNA)
Bacteriostatic
Macrolides Tetracyclines Clindamycin Tigecycline (tetracycline derivative) (All static drugs work on the ribosome subunit)
What are two diseases that need bactericidal drugs?
Meningitis, endocarditis
Chloramphenicol is bacteriostatic. What bugs is it bactericidal against?
Haemophilus influenzae
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitides
What bugs is linezolid bactericidal against? Bacteriostatic?
Bactericidal against most strep
Bacteriostatic against VRE and MRSA
What bugs do penicillins attack? What infections can they treat?
Neisseria meningitides
Group A Strep (s. pneumo, s. viridans)
Pasteurella (cat and dog bites)
Listeria
Group A and B strep infections Syphilis Actinomycoses (bacterial infection) Leptospirosis (blood infection) Meningococcal meningitis
What can aminopenicillins (ampicillin/amoxicillin) be used to treat?
Listeria meningitis
Enterococcal infections
Gram negative rods: H. influ, H. pylori, E
coli, Listeria, Proteus, Salmonella,
Shigella
Gram positive rods: Enterococcus
Gram negative cocci: Neisseria M.
What are some Penicillinase-resistant penicillin’s? What bug would it be indicated for?
Naftcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin
Drug of choice for s. aureus
They get the NOD for staph aureus
What are the only penicillins active against p. aeruginosa?
What other bugs do these penicillins treat?
Ticarcillin-clavulanate, pipericillin-tazobactam (added with beta-lactamase inhibitors)
Gram positive, gram negatives and anaerobes
What are three bugs that cephalosporins will have NO effect on?
MRSA (except ceftaroline), enterococcus, listeria
What is covered by 1st generation cephalosporins?
Gram positive cocci
Proteus
E. coli
Klebsiella
(+) PEcK
A patient is getting prepped for surgery What antimicrobial. would be given as a prophylactic against staphylococcus aureus?
1st generation cephalosporin cefazolin
Note: Also used to treat skin and soft tissue infections
What mnemonic is used to remember 2nd generation cephalosporins?
Can they cover anaerobics?
2nd graders wear fake fox fur to tea (cefaclor, cefoxitin, cefuroxime, cefotetan)
They have some coverage for gut anaerobes
What is a disease that 2nd generation cephalosporins are used to treat?
Pelvic inflammatory disease
For what surgeries would 2nd generation cephalosporins be a prophylactic for?
gynecological, abdominal
What drugs have coverage for pseudomonas aeruginosa?
- Antipseudomonal penicillins
- Ceftazidime (3rd gen ceph)
- Ceftazidime/avibactam
- Carbapenems
- Monobactam/Aztreonam
- 4th generation cephalosporins (cefepime)
-Ceftolozane/tazobactam (cephalosporin+beta lactamase inhibitor)
What drugs have coverage for pseudomonas aeruginosa?
-Antipseudomonal penicillins
Cephalosporins
- Ceftazidime (3rd gen ceph) (with or without avibactam)
- 4th generation cephalosporins (cefepime)
- 5th generation -Ceftolozane/tazobactam (cephalosporin+beta lactamase inhibitor)
- Cefiderocol
Carbapenems-Imipenem
Imipenem-cilastatin-relebactam
Monobactam/Aztreonam
Fluoroquinolones
Are carbapenems broad or narrow spectrum?
Broad spectrum
What is the spectrum of Aztreonam? What does it get and what doesn’t it get?
Good against aerobic and facultative gram negative bacteria, especially p. aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae
Does not get anaerobes or gram positives
