Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Block G -- Infection > Dr. Pompura -- Dental Infections > Flashcards

Dr. Pompura -- Dental Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of a dento-alveolar abscess

A
  1. Inoculation from the nerve of the tooth to the apex of the tooth
  2. Stick in jaw bone
  3. Spread most commonly through lateral extension (least resistance)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

5 ways odontogenic infection can spread

A
  1. Direct extension
  2. Lymphatic spread
  3. Hematologous spread
  4. Ingestion (rare – HCl acidity in stomach)
  5. Aspiration

NOTE: 2, 3, 4, 5, esp. in severely immunocompromised patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3 factors affecting the outcome of an odontogenic infection

A
  • Organism virulence
  • Host resistance
  • Anatomical pathways of the spread of infection via direct extension (basically, luck)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3 destinations of dentoalveolar abscess spread

A

Infection perforates into the cortical plates and periostium and:

  1. Drains into the superficial tissues into the oral cavity
  2. Drains onto the skin
  3. Tracts into deeper fascial planes and spaces
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Reason for facial inflammation and eye swelling to the point that it is closed in event of odontogenic infection

A
  1. Upper cuspid tooth (upper eye tooth) origin
  2. Infection stuck between 3 muscles of the area
  3. Filling of infraorbital space
  4. Eye closes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

If infection reaches the infraorbital space, to where can it spread and how?

A

Cavernous sinus via veins of the face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Clinical picture of infraorbital space infection (2)

A
  1. Swelling toward eye
  2. No trismus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Medial boundary of the buccal space

A

Buccinator muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Lateral boundary of buccal space

A

Subcutaneous tissue and skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Clinical picture of buccal space infection (2)

A
  1. Cheek swelling
  2. No trismus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Location of sublingual space

A

Floor of the mouth between the mucosa and the mylohyoid muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Clinical picture of sublingual space infection

A

Elevation of the tongue and floor of mouth (causes “hot potato” voice)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Most common source of sublingual space infection

A

Wisdom tooth removal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Space with which the sublingual space communicates posteriorly

A

Submandibular space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Location of the submandibular space

A

Below the mylohyoid muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Clinical picture of submandibular space infection (3)

A
  • Firm, ill-defined swelling below the anterior border of the mandible
  • Tender
  • Mild trismus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define Ludwig’s Angina and the spaces involved

A

Aggressive rapidly spreading cellulitis (NOT abscess) involving:

  • Bilateral submandibular spaces
  • Bilateral sublingual spaces
  • Submental space

Emergent situation – LOSS OF AIRWAY IMMINENT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

3 divisions of the parapharyngeal spaces

A
  • Pterygomandibular space
  • Lateral pharyngeal space
  • Retropharyngeal space
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Clinical picture of parapharyngeal space infection (4)

A
  • Terribly sore throat
  • Inability to swallow
  • Trismus
  • 1 side of tonsils edematous and uvula deviated
20
Q

2 spaces that, if infected, may cause madiastinitis or brain abscess

A
  • Retropharyngeal space
  • Prevertebral (“danger”) space
21
Q

7 steps of the acute inflammatory reaction involved in the evolution of odontogenic infection without treatment

A
  1. Acute pulpitis
  2. Inflammation
  3. Cellulitis in the pulp
  4. Abscess in the pulp
  5. Cellulitis or abscess at the peri-apical area
  6. Cellulitis of the surrounding soft tissue spaces
  7. Abscess of the surrounding soft tissue spaces
22
Q

Usefulness of understanding the steps of the acute inflammatory reaction of odontogenic infections in terms of treatment

A

Helps to determine the timing and therefore the microorganisms involved so that the right antibiotics can be chosen

23
Q

2 possible outcomes of chronic odontogenic infection

A
  • Infectio ncan remain dormant and relatively asymptomatic, but can turn into acute phase when patient’s resistance is lowered
  • Constant bacteremia via the seating or pumping action of chewing on infected tooth. May affect distal organs (i.e. infective endocarditis)
24
Q

5 clinical findings of acute odontogenic infection

A

Cardinal signs of inflammation

  1. Pain
  2. Swelling
  3. Warmth over the affected area
  4. Loss of function (i.e. trismus, dysphagia, dysphonia, dyspnea)
  5. Redness
25
Q

4 stages of odontogenic infection and its general timeline

A
  1. Inoculation
  2. Cellulitis (1 - 2 days)
  3. Absces (2 - 3 days)
  4. Resolution
26
Q

Type of bacteria causing cellulitis secondary to odontogenic infection

A

Aerobic

27
Q

Type of bacteria causing abscess secondary to odontogenic infection

A

Anaerobic

28
Q

Define typical cellulitis

A

Necrotic tissue with fluid (i.e. diffuse inflammation)

29
Q

How does abscess formation in the course of odontogenic infection?

A

Occurs once the bacteria, necrotic tissue and WBCs coalesce within the surrounding soft tissue (pus)

30
Q

4 ways to remove the cause of odontogenic infection

A
  • Curretage
  • Extraction
  • Endodontic treatment
  • Debridement
31
Q

5 steps of patient care in setting of odontogenic infection

A
  1. Airway management***
  2. Medical problems
  3. Rest and nutrition
  4. Localization
  5. Fever
32
Q

6 signs and symptoms of airways embarrassment

A
  1. Difficulty managing own secretions (drooling)
  2. Use of accessory muscles of respiration (patient does not want to be reclined)
  3. Respiratory rate, rhythm, depth
  4. Dysphagia
  5. Dysphonia
  6. Dyspnea
33
Q

3 methods of maintaining airway

A
  • Intubation
  • Surgical decompression
  • Tracheotomy (to bypass area of obstruction)
34
Q

Define specific therapy in setting of odontogenic infection

A

Cornerstone of all infection management = elimination of the cause. Unfortunately, offending tooth is not always obvious.

35
Q

Define supportive therapy

A

Treatment of symptoms to help patient cope with disease, but still must eliminate disease eventually

36
Q

2 specific therapies for odontogenic infection

A
  1. Root canal or
  2. Extraction
37
Q

Treatment if soft tissue is involved in infection (i.e. presence of facial swelling)

A

Incision and drainage (I+D) of soft tissue space involving:

  1. Placing incisions through soft tissue in an area of localized abscess, allowing the pus to drain
  2. Place a conduit to encourage drainage (keep incision open)
38
Q

5 functions of I+D

A
  1. Relieve pressure and pain symptoms
  2. Remove pus (increase antibiotic efficiency)
  3. Facilitate microbial elimination, reducing tissue bacterial load
  4. Decompresses the swollen area (confern = comfort and airway)
  5. Changes the micro-environment, alters the O2 tension
39
Q

How does pus removal make antibiotics more efficient?

A

Antibiotics cannot penetrate pus, so less pus = easier for blood flow to reach infection

40
Q

Average number of species laying a causative role in odontogenic infection

A

4 - 6

NOTE: anaerobes : aerobes ratio is 2 or 3 : 1

41
Q

4 possible antibiotic choices for odontogenic infections, starting with the most commonly chosen

A
  1. Penicillin
  2. Amoxicillin
  3. Clindamycin
  4. Metronidazole (Flagyl)
42
Q

Advantage of using amoxicillin over penicillin in terms of patient compliance

A

Penicillin = taken 4 x per day

Amoxicillin = 3 x per day

43
Q

When to use clindamycin to treat odontogenic infection

A

If penicillin allergic or too much penicillin use

44
Q

Spectrum of metronidazole

A

Anti-anaerobe only

45
Q

2 cautions when using metronidazole

A
  • Never use as single agent (not activity against aerobes)
  • Alcohol + flagyl = vomiting (inhibition of oxidation of acetaldehyde), so do not give to alcoholic

Block G -- Infection (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions