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Neurologic Emergencies > Dr. Morse study questions > Flashcards

Dr. Morse study questions Flashcards

1
Q

The CNS consists of the ___________and the_______.

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

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2
Q

Protective structures of the CNS are the____,____, and the _____.

A

Skull, spine and the Meninges

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3
Q

The 3 Meninges are the _____,____,______.

A

dura, pia, arachnoid

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4
Q

PNS is composed of the afferent aka _____, and the efferent aka ______.

A

sensory and motor

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5
Q

The PNS motor consists of the ANS aka, _____ and the Somatic aka ______ motor systems.

A

involuntary and the voluntary

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6
Q

The ANS consists of the _____ and the _____nervous systems.

A

sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (breed and feed)

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7
Q

The Hallmark sign of CNS injury or illness is _______?

A

Altered Mental Status

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8
Q

Coma is _______?

A

A state of unconsciousness from which the patient can’t be aroused

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9
Q

The frontal lobe of the brain is involved in?

A

conscious thought, smell, speech, and is the primary motor area

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10
Q

The parietal lobe of the brain is involved in?

A

body awareness, taste, language, and is the primary sensory area

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11
Q

The Temporal lobe of the brain is involved in?

A

Hearing and Reading

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12
Q

The Occipital lobe of the brain is involved in?

A

Vision

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13
Q

The Diencephalon is composed of the?

A

Thalamus and the hypothalamus

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14
Q

The limbic system is responsible for?

A

basic emotions and basic reflexes such as chewing and swallowing

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15
Q

The brain stem is composed of?

A

Diencephalon, (hypothalamus), mid brain, pons, and the medulla oblongata

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16
Q

The Thalamus job is?

A

relay and processing center for sensory information from parts of the brain and spinal cord to the cerebral cortex and interprets pain, temperature and pressure.

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17
Q

The hypothalamus job is?

A

emotions, autonomic functions involved in homeostasis such as control of temperature, respirations, heart beat, and directs certain hormones production from the pituitary

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18
Q

The pituitary gland secretes?

A

hormones under direction of the hypothalamus

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19
Q

The midbrain is responsible for?

A

Processes visual, auditory data, generates involuntary somatic motor responses and maintains consciousness

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20
Q

The pons job is?

A

regulates respiratory rate and depth

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21
Q

The Medulla oblongata job is?

A

controls BP, HR and RR

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22
Q

The Cerebrum job is?

A

thinking, learning and memory

23
Q

The Cerebellum job is?

A

involuntary complex motor activities

24
Q

Mononeuropathy is usually due to?

A

a localized process, such as trauma, compression or fractures

25
Q

Polyneuropathy may be due to?

A

demyelination or degeneration of peripheral nerves (ie. Guillian Barre syndrome)

26
Q

Cheyne Stokes respirations are?

A

gradually increase depth and frequency of respirations, the depth decreases followed by periods of apnea of 10-60 secs

27
Q

Kussmaul respirations are?

A

rapid deep breathing indicating a severe metabolic or CNS problem, often right before death

28
Q

Central neurogenic hyperventilation is?

A

rapid, deep, noisy, lesion is in the CNS

29
Q

Ataxic (Biots) respirations are?

A

very irregular, ineffective due to CNS damage

30
Q

Apneustiv breathing is?

A

prolonged inspirations from damage to the upper pons area

31
Q

Normal Pa CO2

A

40

32
Q

Increased Co2 does what to the cerebral vessels?

A

cerebral vasodilation which can lead to increased ICP

33
Q

Decreased CO2 does what to the cerebral vessels?

A

causes cerebral vasoconstriction

34
Q

How is CPP (cerebral perfusion pressure) calculated?

A

CPP= MAP-ICP, usually 80-90 minus 1-10, <50 CPP result in ischemia

35
Q

What does excessively high O2 do to cerebral arteries?

A

causes cerebral artery vasoconstriction, impairing perfusion and causes cerebral hypoxia

36
Q

What tool involving the eye opening, verbal response, motor response do we use to assess level of conscious?

A

Glascow Coma Scale

37
Q

What is the interpretation of GCS and treatment if GCS = 13-15, 9-12, 8 or less?

A

13-15, mild, supportive and diagnostic
9-12, moderate, airway assessment, careful monitoring for deterioration
8 or less, critical, intubate, rapid transport

38
Q

Decorticate posturing appears as what, and what does it signify?

A

arms are flexed, fists clenched and wrists flexed, legs extended, toes pointed; lesion is at or above the upper brainstem

39
Q

Decerebrate posturing appears as what, and what does it signify?

A

sustained extensor muscle contraction of extremities, stiff extended extremities, wrists flexed, toes pointed, head retracted, lesion is at the brain stem (midbrain, pons, diencephalon)

40
Q

which is considered more serious, decorticate or decerebrate?

A

Decerebrate

41
Q

What is the difference between agnosia and apraxia?

A

Agnosia; can’t name common objects

Apraxia; can’t use common objects

42
Q

What is the difference between receptive and expressive aphasia?

A

Receptive; pt. can’t understand what your telling them

Expressive; they understand but can’t express

43
Q

What is the difference between dilated, constricted and anisocoria pupils?

A

Anisocoria; unequal pupils
Constricted; smaller
dialated; bigger

44
Q

What does ataxia refer to?

A

person can’t perform coordinated movements

45
Q

What is the difference between paresthesia and anesthesia?

A

Paresthesia; numbness and tingling

anesthesia; lack of sensation

46
Q

Cushing Reflex, one of the hallmarks of increased intracranial pressure is manifested by?

A

bradycardia, bradypnea, widened pulse pressures (systolic hypertension) sometimes increased temperature

47
Q

Besides the cushing reflex, what are some of the other signs of increased ICP?

A

decorticate, decerebrate posturing, anisocoria, biot, apnuestic or cheynne stokes respirations

48
Q

What is the mneumonic and the causes of AMS?

A

A E I O U T I P S

A; acid/base, alcohol E; epilepsy, encephalopathy, endocrinopathy, electrolytes I; Infection O; overdose
U; uremia T; trauma, tumor. toxins I; Insulin P;psychosis, poison S; stroke, seizures

49
Q

TIA last how long?

A

symptoms are less than 24 hours

50
Q

What is the most frequent cause/type of dementia in the elderly?

A

Alzheimers

51
Q

What is myoclonus?

A

involuntary contraction of the muscles, rapid and jerky

52
Q

What is the difference between paresthesis and anethesias?

A

Sensations of numbness and tingling vs absence of feeling or sensation

53
Q

What is trigeminal neuralgia?

A

inflammation of the 5th cranial nerve, involved in sensory transmission from the face causing shock like or stabbing pain in the face

Neurologic Emergencies (1 decks)

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