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Neurologic Emergencies > Dr. Morse study questions > Flashcards

Dr. Morse study questions Flashcards

1
Q

The CNS consists of the ___________and the_______.

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

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2
Q

Protective structures of the CNS are the____,____, and the _____.

A

Skull, spine and the Meninges

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3
Q

The 3 Meninges are the _____,____,______.

A

dura, pia, arachnoid

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4
Q

PNS is composed of the afferent aka _____, and the efferent aka ______.

A

sensory and motor

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5
Q

The PNS motor consists of the ANS aka, _____ and the Somatic aka ______ motor systems.

A

involuntary and the voluntary

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6
Q

The ANS consists of the _____ and the _____nervous systems.

A

sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (breed and feed)

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7
Q

The Hallmark sign of CNS injury or illness is _______?

A

Altered Mental Status

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8
Q

Coma is _______?

A

A state of unconsciousness from which the patient can’t be aroused

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9
Q

The frontal lobe of the brain is involved in?

A

conscious thought, smell, speech, and is the primary motor area

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10
Q

The parietal lobe of the brain is involved in?

A

body awareness, taste, language, and is the primary sensory area

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11
Q

The Temporal lobe of the brain is involved in?

A

Hearing and Reading

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12
Q

The Occipital lobe of the brain is involved in?

A

Vision

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13
Q

The Diencephalon is composed of the?

A

Thalamus and the hypothalamus

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14
Q

The limbic system is responsible for?

A

basic emotions and basic reflexes such as chewing and swallowing

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15
Q

The brain stem is composed of?

A

Diencephalon, (hypothalamus), mid brain, pons, and the medulla oblongata

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16
Q

The Thalamus job is?

A

relay and processing center for sensory information from parts of the brain and spinal cord to the cerebral cortex and interprets pain, temperature and pressure.

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17
Q

The hypothalamus job is?

A

emotions, autonomic functions involved in homeostasis such as control of temperature, respirations, heart beat, and directs certain hormones production from the pituitary

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18
Q

The pituitary gland secretes?

A

hormones under direction of the hypothalamus

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19
Q

The midbrain is responsible for?

A

Processes visual, auditory data, generates involuntary somatic motor responses and maintains consciousness

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20
Q

The pons job is?

A

regulates respiratory rate and depth

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21
Q

The Medulla oblongata job is?

A

controls BP, HR and RR

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22
Q

The Cerebrum job is?

A

thinking, learning and memory

23
Q

The Cerebellum job is?

A

involuntary complex motor activities

24
Q

Mononeuropathy is usually due to?

A

a localized process, such as trauma, compression or fractures

25
Polyneuropathy may be due to?
demyelination or degeneration of peripheral nerves (ie. Guillian Barre syndrome)
26
Cheyne Stokes respirations are?
gradually increase depth and frequency of respirations, the depth decreases followed by periods of apnea of 10-60 secs
27
Kussmaul respirations are?
rapid deep breathing indicating a severe metabolic or CNS problem, often right before death
28
Central neurogenic hyperventilation is?
rapid, deep, noisy, lesion is in the CNS
29
Ataxic (Biots) respirations are?
very irregular, ineffective due to CNS damage
30
Apneustiv breathing is?
prolonged inspirations from damage to the upper pons area
31
Normal Pa CO2
40
32
Increased Co2 does what to the cerebral vessels?
cerebral vasodilation which can lead to increased ICP
33
Decreased CO2 does what to the cerebral vessels?
causes cerebral vasoconstriction
34
How is CPP (cerebral perfusion pressure) calculated?
CPP= MAP-ICP, usually 80-90 minus 1-10, <50 CPP result in ischemia
35
What does excessively high O2 do to cerebral arteries?
causes cerebral artery vasoconstriction, impairing perfusion and causes cerebral hypoxia
36
What tool involving the eye opening, verbal response, motor response do we use to assess level of conscious?
Glascow Coma Scale
37
What is the interpretation of GCS and treatment if GCS = 13-15, 9-12, 8 or less?
13-15, mild, supportive and diagnostic 9-12, moderate, airway assessment, careful monitoring for deterioration 8 or less, critical, intubate, rapid transport
38
Decorticate posturing appears as what, and what does it signify?
arms are flexed, fists clenched and wrists flexed, legs extended, toes pointed; lesion is at or above the upper brainstem
39
Decerebrate posturing appears as what, and what does it signify?
sustained extensor muscle contraction of extremities, stiff extended extremities, wrists flexed, toes pointed, head retracted, lesion is at the brain stem (midbrain, pons, diencephalon)
40
which is considered more serious, decorticate or decerebrate?
Decerebrate
41
What is the difference between agnosia and apraxia?
Agnosia; can't name common objects | Apraxia; can't use common objects
42
What is the difference between receptive and expressive aphasia?
Receptive; pt. can't understand what your telling them | Expressive; they understand but can't express
43
What is the difference between dilated, constricted and anisocoria pupils?
Anisocoria; unequal pupils Constricted; smaller dialated; bigger
44
What does ataxia refer to?
person can't perform coordinated movements
45
What is the difference between paresthesia and anesthesia?
Paresthesia; numbness and tingling | anesthesia; lack of sensation
46
Cushing Reflex, one of the hallmarks of increased intracranial pressure is manifested by?
bradycardia, bradypnea, widened pulse pressures (systolic hypertension) sometimes increased temperature
47
Besides the cushing reflex, what are some of the other signs of increased ICP?
decorticate, decerebrate posturing, anisocoria, biot, apnuestic or cheynne stokes respirations
48
What is the mneumonic and the causes of AMS?
A E I O U T I P S A; acid/base, alcohol E; epilepsy, encephalopathy, endocrinopathy, electrolytes I; Infection O; overdose U; uremia T; trauma, tumor. toxins I; Insulin P;psychosis, poison S; stroke, seizures
49
TIA last how long?
symptoms are less than 24 hours
50
What is the most frequent cause/type of dementia in the elderly?
Alzheimers
51
What is myoclonus?
involuntary contraction of the muscles, rapid and jerky
52
What is the difference between paresthesis and anethesias?
Sensations of numbness and tingling vs absence of feeling or sensation
53
What is trigeminal neuralgia?
inflammation of the 5th cranial nerve, involved in sensory transmission from the face causing shock like or stabbing pain in the face

Neurologic Emergencies (1 decks)

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