Dr. Livy - Lec

Question 1

Glandular tissue is derived from which tissue type?

Answer 1

Epithelium

Question 2

What are the hormones that the anterior pituitary gland secrete? (ie. 7 hormones)

Answer 2

• Human Growth Hormone (hGH)
- Stimulates body growth and metabolism
• Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
- Controls thyroid gland function
• Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)/Luteininzing Hormone (LH)
- Control secretion of sex hormones and production of gametes
• Prolactin (Prl)
- Stimulates milk production
• Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
- Controls hormone secretion by adrenal cortex
• Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH)
- Stimulates melanin secretion

Question 3

What are the hormones that the posterior pituitary gland secrete?

Answer 3

• Vasopressin
- aka Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
- Regulates concentration of urine
- Functions in the regulation of blood pressure
•Oxytocin
- Stimulates uterine muscle contraction during childbirth
- Stimulates release of milk from mammary glands

Question 4

1. Which artery are involved in the Hypothalamic-Hypophyseal Portal System?
2. Describe the different nucleus found in post. pituitary gland and what hormone each secrete.

Answer 4

1. a) Inferior hypophyseal (to posterior only)
   b) Superior hypophyseal (to both ant. and pst.)
2. supraoptic - vasopressin (ADH); paraventricular - oxytocin

Question 5

What the hormone producing cells in the thyroid gland, and which hormone(s) do each produce?

Answer 5

1. Follicle cells secrete thyroglobulin to the follicle cavity –> gets turned into T3 or T4 when TSH activated
2. Parafollicular cells (C cells) secrete calcitonin

Question 6

Effect of Thyroid hormones?

Answer 6

A) T3, T4 –> Stimulate oxygen use, basal metabolic rate, cellular
metabolism, growth and development
B) Calcitonin–> Decreases Ca2+ in body fluids, Increases Ca2+ deposition in bone

Question 7

Effect of Parathyroid Hormone?

Answer 7

• Increases Ca2+ in body fluids

- Decreases Ca2+ deposition in bone

Question 8

Hormones of Adrenal cortex and their effects.

Answer 8

• Mineralocorticoids
- Eg: aldosterone
- Increases renal absorption of Na+ and H2O
- Decreases renal absorption of K+
• Glucocorticoids
- Eg: cortisol
- Stimulates protein, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism
- Anti-inflammatory
• Androgens
- Stimulates growth of axillary and pubic hair
- Stimulates libido

Question 9

Hormones of suprarenal medulla and their effects

Answer 9

• Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

• Fight or flight response
• Increase cardiac output
• Increase blood pressure
• Increase blood glucose
• Effect release of lipids from adipose tissue

Question 10

What kinds of cells exist in a pancreatic islet and what each do?

Answer 10

1. alpha cell - glucagon
   - Stimulates glucose synthesis
   - Elevates blood glucose
   - Mobilizes lipid reserves
2. beta cell - insulin
   - Stimulates lipid and glycogen synthesis and storage
   - Stimulates glucose uptake by cells
   - Decreases blood glucose levels
3. delta cell - somatostatin
   - Inhibits secretion of glucagon and insulin