Dr. Lewis Abx Review

Question 1

Sulfonamides

Answer 1

MOA: Inhibit dihydropteroate synthase
USE: Gram +, Gram -, UTI, GI, PCP
ADVERSE: Hypersensitivity, Kernicterus

Question 2

Trimethoprim

Answer 2

MOA: Inhibit dihydrofolate reductase
USE: UTI, GI
ADVERSE: Anemia

Question 3

Nitrofurantoin

Answer 3

MOA: bacterial ribosomes
USE: UTI (can be used in pregnancy)
ADVERSE: GI

Question 4

Fluoroquinolones

Answer 4

MOA: TOPO II
USE: G-, UTI, GI, URI
ADVERSE: GI, cartilage

Question 5

Metronidazole

Answer 5

MOA: Forms toxic free radicals
USE: Giardia, Trichamonas, Gardernella, Anaerobes, H. Pylori
“Get Gap on the Metro”
ADVERSE: Disulfiram-like run

Question 6

Penicillin

Answer 6

MOA: Bind PCP
USE: G+, syphillis
ADVERSE: Hypersensitivity

Question 7

Methicillin, Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Dicloxacillin

Answer 7

MOA: Bind PCP
USE: Staph
ADVERSE: Hypersensitivity

Question 8

Ampicilin, Amoxicillin

Answer 8

MOA: bind PCP
USE: G+, HHEELPS (H.Flu, H. Pylori, E.coli, Listeria, Proteus, Salmonella, Shigella, enterococci
ADVERSE: Hypersensitivity

Question 9

Ticarcillin, Carbmicillin, Piperacillin

Answer 9

MOA: bind PCP
USE: pseudomonas, G+, G-
ADVERSE: Hypersensitivity

Question 10

Polymyxins

Answer 10

MOA: Cationic Detergent - cell membranes
USE: G- IV, more often used topically (neosporin)
ADVERSE: nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity

Question 11

Cephalosporins

Gen 1

Answer 11

MOA: bind PCP
USE: G+, PEcK
ADVERSE: Hypersensitivity, nephrotoxicity w/ aminoglycosides

Question 12

Cephalosporins

Gen 2

Answer 12

MOA: bind PCP
USE: Less G+, HENS PEcK
ADVERSE: Hypersensitivity, nephrotoxicity w/aminoglycosides

Question 13

Cephalosporins

Gen 3

Answer 13

MOA: bind PCP
USE: Strep pneumo, serious G-
ADVERSE: Hypersensitivity, nephrotoxicity w/aminoglycosides

Question 14

Cephalosporins
Gen 4 (Cephepine)

Answer 14

MOA: bind PCP
USE: Broad Spectrum, Pseudomonas
ADVERSE: Hypersensitivity, nephrotoxicity w/aminoglycosides

Question 15

Aztreonam

Answer 15

MOA: binds PCP-3
USE: G- ONLY
ADVERSE: non-toxic

Question 16

Imiperem, cilastatin, meropenam

Answer 16

MOA: binds PCP
USE: Broad Spectrum
ADVERSE: GI, neuro (imiperem), skin rashes

Question 17

Vancomycin

Answer 17

MOA: bind D-Ala-D-Ala
USE: MRSA, enterococci
ADVERSE: “NOT”
Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity, Thrombophlebitis

Question 18

Linezolid

Answer 18

MOA: binds 23S of 50S
USE: MRSA, VRE
ADVERSE: GI, thrombocytopenia

Question 19

Tetracycline

Answer 19

MOA: binds 30S
USE: VACUUM THBR
ADVERSE: GI, tooth discoloration, inhibit bone growth, photosensitivity

Question 20

Aminoglycosides

Answer 20

MOA: Bind 30S
USE: Severe G-
ADVERSE: NOT - Nephrotoxic, Ototoxic, Teratogenic

Question 21

Macrolides

Answer 21

MOA: binds 23S of 50S
USE: Pneumonia (atypical), URI, STD (pneumonia) (PUS)
ADVERSE: Prolong QT interval

Question 22

Chloramphenicol

Answer 22

MOA: binds 50S
USE: meningitis
ADVERSE: anemia, gray baby

Question 23

Clindamycin

Answer 23

MOA: bind 50S
USE: anaerobic, MRSA(skin)
ADVERSE: pseudomembranous Colitis

Question 24

Queropristin/Dalfopristin

Answer 24

MOA: binds 23S of 50S
USE: MRSA, VRE
ADVERSE: hepatotoxicity, arthralgia, myalgia, not used often