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840 Exam #2 > Dr. Hall > Flashcards

Dr. Hall Flashcards

1
Q

CMV

A

Cytomegalovirus

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2
Q

Sites where antivirals work

A
  • Viral attachment/ entry
  • Uncoating
  • Nucleic acid synthesis
  • Transcription/ translation
  • Packaging/Assembly
  • Release
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3
Q

Single stranded RNA virus

A

-Influenza

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4
Q

Which type of influenza is responsible for pandemcis

A

-Influenza A

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5
Q

Drifts lead to

A
  • Epidemics

- Minor changes/point mutations

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6
Q

Shifts lead to

A
  • Pandemics

- Major changes resulting in antigen alterations

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7
Q

MoA of Neuraminidase inhibitors

A
  • Interfere with viral release from host cells

- Active on both influenza A and B

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8
Q

Tamiflu

A
  • Oseltamivir (oral)

- Neuraminidase inhibitor

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9
Q

Relenza Diskhaler

A
  • Zanamivir (inhalable)
  • Neuraminidase inhibitor
  • Do NOT use in COPD/Asthma pts
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10
Q

Rapivab

A
  • Peramivir (IV)
  • Neuraminidase inhibitor
  • Single dose
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11
Q

Potential side effect of all Neuraminidase inhibitors

A
  • Potential to cause neuropsychiatric events

- Confusion, delirium, hallucinations

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12
Q

Xofluza

A
  • Baloxavir
  • New influenza drug with new MoA
  • Cleaves primer from host RNA “Cap snatching”
  • No viral mRNAs = no infection
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13
Q

Amatadine and Rimantadine

A
  • Blockade of the influenza M2 proton ion channel
  • Interferes with uncoating
  • No longer used due to development of resistance
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14
Q

HSV 1

A
  • Oral herpes (cold sores)
  • Docosanol (Abreva)
  • Peniciclovir (Denavir)
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15
Q

Abreva (OTC)

A
  • Docosanol
  • Aliphatic alcohol
  • Blocks fusion between HSV envelope and host cell membrane
  • Apply 5x daily
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16
Q

Denavir

A
  • Peniciclovir
  • Topical nucleoside analog
  • Competes with dGTP analog for viral polymerase
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17
Q

HSV 2

A

-Genital herpes

18
Q

VZV

A
  • Chickenpox

- Can later emerge as herpes zoster (Shingles)

19
Q

CMV

A
  • Infects severely immunocompromised patients
  • Organ transplant
  • Often result of viral reactivation
20
Q

Zovirax

A
  • Acyclovir
  • Nucleoside analog
  • Used to treat HSV 2
  • Poorly absorbed (multiple small doses helps)
  • Resistance through viral TK alteration or DNA polymerase
21
Q

Cytovene

A
  • Ganciclovir (IV)
  • Treatment of choice
  • Nucleoside analog
  • Impairment of fertility, fetal toxicity, mutagenesis/carcinogenesis
22
Q

Valcyte

A
  • Valganciclovir (oral)
  • Prodrug of Ganiciclovir (Cytovene)
  • Treatment of choice
  • Nucleoside analog
23
Q

Foscavir

A
  • Foscarnet
  • Used to treat REFRACTORY cases of CMV
  • Do not require activation by viral TK
  • Resistance = mutations in DNA polymerase
  • Can remain in bone for several months
24
Q

Cidofovir

A
  • Used to treat REFRACTORY cases of CMV
  • Do not require activation by viral TK
  • Nephrotoxicity, neutropenia, carcinogenic/teratogenic
25
Q

Prevymis

A
  • Letermovir

- Prophylaxis for CMV

26
Q

Prevymis

A
  • Letermovir

- Prophylaxis for CMV

27
Q

HAV epidemiology

A
  • Single stranded RNA virus
  • Self limiting
  • Treat with supportive care
28
Q

HBV epidemiology

A
  • Double stranded DNA virus
  • Reactivation is primary concern
  • Can insert into human DNA and lay dormant for years
29
Q

HCV epidemiology

A
  • Single stranded RNA virus
  • Chronic
  • Not curable
30
Q

Why should pts be tested for HIV before starting HBV therapy?

A
  • Many of the treatment options in HBV are the same as in HIV
  • However monotherapy is appropriate in HBV but NOT in HIV
  • If pt is also HIV positive us multiple drug therapy
31
Q

Viread

A
  • Tenofovir disproxil fumarate
  • Adenosine nucleotide analog
  • To treat chronic HBV infection
32
Q

Baraclude

A
  • Entecavir
  • Cyclopentyl guanosine nucleoside analog
  • Inhibits HBV polymerase
  • Take on empty stomach
33
Q

Baraclude

A

-Entecavir

34
Q

Name clue -previr

A
  • NS3/4A
  • Protease inhibitor
  • Used to treat HCV
  • NOT for patients with advanced liver disease
35
Q

Name clue -asvir

A
  • NS5A
  • Replication complex inhibitor
  • Used to treat HCV
36
Q

Name clue -buvir

A
  • NS5B
  • Polymerase inhibitor
  • Used to treat HCV
37
Q

Mavyret

A
  • Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir)
  • Covers all HCV genotypes
  • Take with food
38
Q

Epclusa

A
  • Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir
  • Covers all HCV genotypes
  • Sofosbuvir is a prodrug
39
Q

Harvoni

A
  • Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir
  • Treats HCV genotypes 1,4
  • Avoid administration with acid suppressive therapy
40
Q

Ribatol or Ribashpere

A
  • Ribavirin
  • Can be added on to Epclusa or Harvoni for the sickest of patients
  • Only used in combo with the drugs stated above
  • DO NOT use as monotherapy
  • Take with high fat meal
41
Q

Ribatol or Ribashpere

A
  • Ribavirin

- Can be added on to Epclusa or Harvoni for the sickest of patients

840 Exam #2 (6 decks)

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