DPD: Respiratory Emergencies Flashcards
What characterises type 1 respiratory failure? What causes it?
Low O2
Normal/ Low CO2
Due to ventilation-perfusion mismatch
What characterises type 2 respiratory failure? What causes it?
Low O2
High CO2
Due to alveolar hypo perfusion + ventilation-perfusion mismatch
What quantifies a moderate asthma attack?
PEF: 50-75% of predicted
No signs of severe asthma
What quantifies a severe asthma attack?
PEF: 33-50% of predicted
RR > 25/ min
HR >110/ min
Inability to complete sentences in 1 breath
What quantifies a life-threatening asthma attack? What acronym is used to remember this?
Cyanosis: PaO2<8kPa Hypotension Exhaustion: poor inspiratory effort, confusion, normal pCO2 Silent chest Tachy-/Brady-arrhythmias
What FEV1s classify the severity of COPD?
> 80% predicted = mild
50-80% = moderate
30-50% = severe
<30% = very severe
What is the gold standard for diagnosing a PE?
CT pulmonary angiogram
What is a tension pneumothorax?
Life threatening condition
Air trapped in pleural cavity under a positive pressure causing cardiopulmonary compromise
How do you treat a tension pneumothorax?
Emergency needle decompression
High flow O2
Chest drain