DP Flashcards
Berkshire, Slough
Major towns: Slough, Reading, Bracknell
Population increase of 6.4% from 2001-2011
Runs along M4
Key Points about Berkshire, Slough
Reasons for rapid population growth in Berkshire:
1960s: Baby Boom- strong economy and families having children
1960s: Post-colonial migration, adding workers
Slower inn 1970s due to emancipation (women chasing careers)
2000s - tertiary/quaternary sector
2010s - high migrant fertility rates
Political - Grammar school system= highly desirable education but raises house prices and creates social filtering
Economic - proximity to London, Heathrow, M4
Social - high Muslim population and other migrant groups
Technology - Heathrow/M4
Derry, Londonderry
2nd largest city in NI
Crucial role in the ‘Troubles’
In 2013, Derry was the inaugural UK City of Culture
Key Points about Derry-Londonderry
London Guilds and Old Walled city - tourist attractions
90,000 people live in Derry urban area
Derry Boys - 500 men in 9th, Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment
N. Antrim coast has several major beach towns which attract golf tournaments
Post WW2 - Unemployment & economic stagnation and lots of failed attempts to locate key services away from Belfast. This widened inequality
Derry has significant political and historical significance, attracting international students
Early 20th Century - 1921: Partition of Ireland, divided loyalties in communities, is now an economic hub on N Antrim coast because of trade with Ireland
Sectarian, Troubles - Continued in 80s/90s, British Armed forces intervened to protect the protestant by putting Catholics into ‘Free Derry’, IRA respond with terrorism
Now: Good Friday Agreement introduced Power Sharing Executive, decommissioning of IRA and reform of police, withdrawal of army, redevelopment
Our Place, Langley
Slough’s Demography:
140,000m people
Birthrate 20.9/100
10,000 new school places needed
420 babies pm
Key points - Our place Demography
Proximity to London has led to counter-urbanisation, older families have moved away
Large-scale migration: 1960s Post Colonial migrants attracted workers from Asia, led to increase in birth rate, but Brexit might slow flow of migration
Long-term ethnic enclaves - areas with more recent migration have higher birth rates, but intergenerational attitudes to ideal family size reduce birth rates
Economic investnment - lower median age can attract investment, in turn attracts more migrants increasing ethnic mix and birth rate
Attitudes to work - Women delay childbirth to focus on career, birth rates fall
Slough
Economic change in Slough: 144,000 locals complain Slough known for 2 things - John Betjeman’s 1937 poem tarnishing slough, The office which portrayed mindless drudgery of the workplace
Factors causing Slough to grow: existing asian communities, proximity to Heathrow, cross rail project, M4/M25, Slough Trading Estate
Key Points - London
Does London Matter - Yes: Most economically important city in Europe, provided much economic growth, lots of investment, more jobs
But No - 2.9m moved within UK, tie shave high turnover, UK improvement is much faster, pay growing, income inequality falling
Overall: there is increasing regional disparity, the movement is slowing, but 45,000 people left England for Scotland, more people have left London that moved to it
Key Points - Uk Culture and Society
Threats post-2008 Recession - unemployment means resentment builds, rise of nationalism, curbs on migration, ongoing trafficking and illegal migration, Hugh birth rate increase
Accession 8 (2004) - A8 migration from newly joined EU countries, typically working in agriculture
Ongoing cultural change - confronting reality of colonialism, should school curriculum change?, is there racism in UK?
And now - Post Brexit (2020) - work and study visas easy to obtain, less skilled labour harder to access from overseas
Hypersegregation - Ferguson, St Louis
Aug 2014 - white police office shoots dead Michael Brown (AfAm) not found guilty
Growing civil unrest about relationship between AfAm community and law-enforcement
Conservative, white middle class society think other racial groups dont share same values
How migrants concentrate in enclaves - need for shelter, momentum established, 2 models of growth ( filtering and invasion succession)
Negative reasons - helps protection against attack, lack of trust, discrimination, language barriers
Positive reasons - accommodating difference, helps keep cohesion between different social groups, keeps cultural values,
Measuring Segregation
Dissimilarity, Isolation, Clustering, Centralisation, Concentration
Southall
Built environment - shops, restaurants, places of worship, leisure
Evolving environment - as communities change in their ethnicity so does the use of buildings
Encapsulated environments - areas with fewer grants may experience little change
Enforced environments - due to pressure to maintain a place’s heritage, planning laws used to restrict changes to built environment
Establishing Environment - As ethnicities become wealthier and established so their ability to build substantial structures changes
Tottenham, London
Cheap housing/ lower middle-working classes
Industrial mini-hub
Bombed heavily in WW2, and post-war housing blocks, associated gang crime
Same Majority (African-Caribbean)
Key Points - Tension in Tottenham
Historic Situation - Harringey has seen decline since 1970s, riots linked to economic and social inequality, some experiencing of racial profiling
What is being done ? - £28m investment, Peacock Industrial Estate created 5000 jobs, New design companies taking apprentices from local schools, 10,000 new home around Tottenham
Threats? - loss of traditional businesses, Afro-Caribbean churches closing, new homes out of budget, loss of stadium
Types of Conflict - Priorities, Political, Economic, Social, Tourism
Saville Town, Dewsbury
Large Asian community
Savile town and Ravensthorpe
White flight
Controversy from: sharia court, Madrasa failing ousted
